EVOLUTIONVOCABChapter 15

Image from BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing © 2006

Change in a population over time; also change in the relative frequency of alleles in a gene poolevolution

Differences among individuals within a species

Natural variation

Structures that develop from the same embryonic tissues, but have different mature forms

Homologous structures

Organ with little or no functionthat was functional in an ancestor species

Vestigial organ

The selection and breeding by humans of animals with certain useful traits from the natural variation in the population

Artificial selection

Book published by Charles Darwinin which he proposed a mechanism and provided evidence for his Theory of Evolution

“On the Origin of Species”

Ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in a specific environment

fitness

Inherited characteristic that increases and organism’s chancesfor survival

adaptation

Preserved remains of an ancientorganism

fossil

Islands that Darwin visited on hisvoyage on the Beagle that startedhim thinking about how organismschange over time

Galapagos

Concept that each living species has descended with changes from other species over time

Descent with Modifications

Idea that organisms that are best suited to their environment will survive and reproduce

Survival of the Fittest

Trait controlled by a single gene

Single gene trait

Book published by Charles Darwinin which he proposed a mechanism and provided evidence for his Theory of Evolution

“The Origin of Species”

The idea that all species, living and extinct, were derived from a common ancestor

Common descent

Natural selection is also known as______________Survival of the fittest

Naturalist who gave Darwin incentive topublish his ideas about evolution bywriting an essay that described similarideas.

Alfred Wallace

French naturalist who hypothesizedthat organisms acquire traits during their lifetime through use or disuse which can be passed on to offspring

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

2 geologists who recognized that Earth is many millions of years old and that processes that changed it still operate today

James Hutton & Charles Lyell

English economist who reasoned that if the human population kept growing unchecked, there would be insufficient food and space for everyone

Thomas Malthus

A possible explanation for a set ofobservations or a possible answer to a scientific problem

Another name for natural selection

hypothesis

Survival of the fittest

A well supported, testable explanation of observed naturalphenomena

THEORY

Another name for competition for resources

Struggle for existence

They proposed that the Earth has changed over millions of years and the processes that caused the change are still happening

James Hutton & Charles Lyell

NAME THE SCIENTISTS WHO . . .

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hutton

http://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/~alroy/lefa/Lyell.html

NAME THE SCIENTIST WHO . . .

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

http://anthro.palomar.edu/synthetic/synth_2.htm

French naturalist who proposed the idea that characteristics could be acquired or lost by their“use or disuse” during an organism’s lifetime and that these traits could be passed on to offspring.

English economist who reasoned that if the human population continued to grow unchecked, sooner or later there would be insufficient food and living space.

Thomas Malthus

Naturalist who gave Darwin incentive topublish his ideas about evolution bywriting an essay that described similarideas.

NAME THE SCIENTIST WHO . . .

Alfred Wallacehttp://www.strangescience.net/wallace.htm

http://www.lucidcafe.com/library/96feb/darwin.html

Proposed the idea that populations change over time as a result of competition for available resources in which individuals with the characteristics best suited to their environment will survive and reproduce

Charles Darwin

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