Evolution of Computer Hardware

The Abacus

The Slide Rule (invented early 1600s)

The Pascaline(invented by Blaise Pascal, circa 1642)

This is the front view.

The Pascaline (rear view)

The Reckoner

(by Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz, circa 1700)

The Difference Engine(by Charles Babbage, 1822)

The Analytical Engine(by Babbage, circa 1830)

Joseph Marie Jacquard’s Loomcirca 1830 (note the punch cards)

Hollerith Machine

Hollerith Detail

The Mark I (1942)(8 feet tall, 51 feet long, 5 tons)

The Mark I… used paper tape to store data and program

instructions

Howard Aiken, a Ph.D student at Harvard University inside the Mark I

Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC)

Another view of ENIAC

Programming ENIAC by manipulating its vacuum tubes

Harvard Mark II

MIT Whirlwind (1948)

UNIVAC… the first general-purpose computer for commercial use (late 1940s)

After Vacuum Tubes came TransistorsThis is the first point-contact transistor.

IBM 701 (1953)

IBM 704 (1956)

IBM 7090

IBM 360 (1964)

IBM S/390

And the future of computers?