evolution a population changes over time. charles darwin (1809- 1882)
TRANSCRIPT
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Evolution
A population changes over time
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Charles Darwin (1809- 1882)
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Lamarck- Inheritance of Acquired
Characteristics
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Must be Genetic You cannot “ force” yourself to have a
characteristics Ex. You cannot force yourself to be
lactose tolerant Bacteria CANNOT acquire resistance to
antibiotics
New traits cannot be created during your lifetime
Only genes can be passed on
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Lyell
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Fossils
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Darwin’s Finches Biogeography- geographic distribution of life
forms
Galapagos Islands- Volcanic islands off the coast of South America Species were slightly different than the ones on the
mainland
Finches- different beaks depending on the food available Cactus eating finch-more point beak
Insect eating finch- sharp ( trees)
Types of seeds
All descended from one mainland Finch DESCENT WITH MODIFICATION from a
COMMON ANCESTOR
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Blue Footed Boobie
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Natural Selection Mechanism for evolutionary change
1. Inherited variations: Mutations- changes in DNA
Meiosis
2. Not all individuals survive
3. Adaptations( traits that help an organism be more suited to the environment) increase survival and reproductive success ( Fitness- reproductive success)
4. Genes for adaptations increase in each generation
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Artificial Selection
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The result of Natural Selection is a population adapted to the local environment
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Types of Natural Selection
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Evidence for Evolution
1.Fossils
2.Biogeographical
3.Anatomical
4.Biochemical
5.Embryology
6.Examples- Antibiotic
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Fossils
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Biogeography
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Anatomical Evidencea. Homologous Structure: Structures that are similar because they are inherited from a common ancestor
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Anatomical Evidence b. Analogous Structures: features are similar in function but not in structure. They do not derive from a recent common ancestor but in response to a similar environment.
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ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES
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Anatomical Evidence C. Vestigial structures: no longer have
function. occur because organism inherit anatomy from their ancestors. Ex. Some snakes have small hindlimbs
Humans: Appendix, wisdom teeth, tail bone
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THE APPENDIX
VESTIGIAL STRUCTURE
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KOALA
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EUCALYPTUS
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Biochemical Living organisms use DNA, and many
identical enzymes (same 20 amino acids)
Degree of similarity of DNA sequence or amino acid structure based on how closely related
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Embryology( Development)
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Embryology (Development)
Embryos of closely related organisms often have similar stages in development.
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Causes of Microevolution1. Mutations are the raw material for
evolutionary change
2. Gene Flow-
3. Non random mating
4. Genetic Drift
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Speciation ( Macroevolution)