events leading to wwii (includes major dictators)
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Ch. 17 . Events leading to wwii (includes major dictators). Europe after WWI. WWI left every major European country nearly bankrupt Only the U.S. & Japan came out of WWI in better financial shape than before (Why?) Neither had been a wartime battlefield. Germany after WWI. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
EVENTS LEADING TO WWII (INCLUDES MAJOR DICTATORS)
Ch. 17
Europe after WWI WWI left every
major European country nearly bankrupt
Only the U.S. & Japan came out of WWI in better financial shape than before (Why?) Neither had been a
wartime battlefield
Germany after WWI
Weimar Republic- GY’s new democratic govt.
Weaknesses: GY lacked a
strong democratic tradition
Postwar GY had several major political parties & minor ones
Millions of Germans blamed the Weimar govt. for the country’s defeat & postwar humiliation
Inflation in Germany
During WWI- GY didn’t increase its wartime taxes To pay expenses of
the war, the Germans simply printed money: The paper money
lost value after GY’s defeat
Burdened with heavy reparation payments, GY printed even more money
Result = value of the mark (GY’s currency) fell sharply & severe inflation set in
Do not write
A loaf of bread cost less than a mark in 1918
A loaf of bread cost more than 160 marks in 1922.
A loaf of bread cost more than 200 billion marks by late 1923.
People took wheelbarrows full of money to buy food.
Recovery The Dawes Plan-
American and British bankers provided loans to enable Germany to expand production and make reparations payments to the Allies
Kellogg-Briand Pact- treaty that attempted to outlaw war. (Pact of Paris)
The Great Depression- U.S.
1929- stock market crashed, businesses failed, banks closed, & people lost their life savings
The U.S. placed high tariffs on imported goods to protect U.S. jobs & products
World trade dropped & unemployment soared
World economies suffered because of the U.S. economy’s problems
CSWK/HMWK- Do not have to write questions P. 535 #1 only- “Geography Skills” P.536 “Reading Check”- There are
two. P. 538 “Section Assessment”- #1,
2, 4, 5, 7, 8 For the terms/names- quadrants
not required, but give full details for terms & country & importance of the people
Soviet Union Communists- instituted one-party rule, suppressed individual liberties, & punished opponents
Totalitarianism
Joseph Stalin- *“Uncle Joe”*name given by the
U.S. 1926- Stalin became
the Soviet dictator (after Lenin’s death)
1927- Stalin began a massive effort to industrialize his country
8-10 million peasants died resisting USSR & Stalin’s communist policies
Italy Fascism- the nation was more important than the individual. Individualism- made
countries weak & a strong govt. needed to be led by a dictator that would impose order on society.
Strongly anti-communists.
Stood for the protection of private property & the middle class.
Benito Mussolini- “Il Duce”- The Leader
Former schoolmaster & journalist
1919- founded Italy’s Fascist Party
Offered working class full employment & social security, stressed national pride
Backed by Fascist militia (Blackshirts)
Benito Mussolini- seizes power 1922- Threatened to
march on Rome to “defend Italy against a communist revolution”.
Conservative advisers persuaded the king to appoint Mussolini as the premier.
Worked quickly to destroy democracy & set up a dictatorship.
Supported by industrialists, landowners, & the Catholic Church
CSWK/HMWK- Do not have to write the questions.
P. 541 “Geography Skills”- #1 only P. 541 Reading Check P. 543 Reading Check P. 546 #1, 2, 4, 6
Japan’s Dictatorship Japan hit by a
depression Military officers
blamed the country’s problems on corrupt politicians & said: Japan was destined
to dominate East Asia
Democracy was “un-Japanese” & bad for the country
Japan’s Leaders
Emperor Shōwa (Hirohito)
Hideki Tōjō (the prime minister)
Sep. 1931- Japan invaded Manchuria
1937- Japan attacked China
Spain’s Dictatorship
1936- General Francisco Franco led a rebellion with the Fascists
Helped by the Soviet Union, Germany, & Italy
Germany
Nazism Germany
brand of fascism
Swastika- Ancient “good luck” symbol.Used by Buddhists & Hindus
1930s- Hitler turned the swastika sideways & it became a symbolof hatred.
Adolf Hitler Anti-communist & admirer of Mussolini
Fought for GY in WWI
Hated the Weimar Republic
Joined the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (Nazi Party)- nationalistic & anti-communist
Hitler- Rise to power
Nov. 1923- Nazis tried to seize power in Munich & Hitler tried to seize power at a bar (Beer Hall Putsch)- failed & he was arrested
Wrote Mein Kampf- “My Struggle”, blueprint for the future
Hitler’s Plans Unification of all Germans under one govt.
Germans (blonde-hair, blue-eyed) belonged to a “master race” called Aryans
Germans needed more lebensraum (living space)
Believed Jews were responsible for GY’s defeat in WWI and problems thereafter
Hitler becomes a leader
Focused on getting Nazis elected to the Reichstag-lower house of the German parliament
Many German leaders felt if Hitler became leader of Germany legally, they could control him
1933- Hitler appointed chancellor (prime minister)
Hitler institutes his plans
Called for new elections
Ordered police to crackdown on the Socialist & Communist Parties
Storm Troopers- intimidated voters
The Reichstag voted to give Hitler dictatorial powers
Hitler as Leader 1934- Hitler
became President
Führer- Leader
Began to rebuild Germany’s military (violation of the Treaty of Versailles)
The Bad Guys Form Alliances
1936- Rome-Berlin Axis (Italy and Germany)
1936- Anti-Comintern Pact- (Germany, Italy, & Japan)
1940- Axis Powers- (German, Italy, and Japan)
Depression & effects of WWI June 1934- all
the debtor nations from WWI (except Finland) announced they would no longer repay their war debts
Bread & Soup lines were common in debt ridden Europe
What’s up with the U.S. ???? After WWI, many Americans
supported isolationism FDR supports
internationalism- trade b/w nations creates prosperity & helps to prevent war He was outvoted by those
who supported isolationism
Neutrality Act of 1935- made it illegal for Americans to sell arms (weapons) to any country at war
Neutrality Act of 1937- required warring countries to buy non-military supplies from the U.S. on a “cash-and-carry” basis
CSWK/HMWK
P. 558 #2-6, 8-10, 11-13, 15, 16, 18-20
*Do not have to write question/sentence.