event management
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managementTRANSCRIPT
EVENT MANAGEMENT
A PROJECT ON EVENT MANAGEMENT
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULLFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR BACHELOR OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES
BY
AMEY MILIND PATIL TY.BMS SEM V
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF MRS PRATIBHA JITHESH
UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI
VPM’S R.Z SHAH COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCE AND COMMERCE MITHAGAR ROAD, MULUND (EAST) – 400081
2013-2014
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INDEX
SR.NO
PARTICULARS PG.NO
1 UNIVERSAL VIEW/GLOBAL VIEW 52 INDIAN VIEW 83 EXPLANATION OF
CONCEPTS,CHARACTERISTICS10
4 PRIMARY DATA 685 CASE STUDY,FINDINGS,SUGGESTIONS AND
CONCLUSION72
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Acknowledgement
The success and final outcome of this project required a lot of guidance and assistance from many people and I am extremely fortunate to have got this all along the completion of my project work. This was only possible due to such guidance and I would not forget to thank them.
I respect and thank Mrs. Pratibha Mam for giving me an opportunity to do the project work and providing all guidance and support which help me to complete my project.
AMEY MILIND PATIL 36
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Declaration:-
I AMEY MILIND PATIL the student of “Bachelor of Management studies”Semester 5th (2013-2014) herby declares that I have completed the project on “EVENT MANAGEMENT” under the guidance of Mrs. Pratibha mam .
The information submitted is true and original to the best of my knowledge.
Place: Mulund
Date :
AMEY MILIND PATIL 36
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CHAPTER 1:-
UNIVERSAL VIEW ON EVENT MANAGEMENT :-
Hire It Out - Universal enables you to:
Create quotes, schedule hires, extend existing hires, generate delivery and return documents and produce invoices.
Create an event and allocate customers including hired equipment to that event.
Manage the sale of equipment.
View the complete history for each hire.
Set individual equipment and package prices including event prices, sale prices and hire prices.
Apply discounts to individual customers, equipment or the entire hire booking.
Quickly and accurately search, filter and sort data.
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Create customised reports.
View outgoing, recently completed, due for return hire and overdue hire.
Manage multiple warehouses/branches.
Multiple user logins.
Create email templates or choose existing templates to send notifications, attachments and customised reports to individuals or bulk mailing lists.
Conduct e-marketing campaigns when emailing quotes by attaching a brochure or newsletter.
Export and/or print the contents of any grid (i.e. stock, customers, hires) to Microsoft Excel , PDF document or HTML document.
Manage hire invoices.
Create picking, delivery, return and discrepancy dockets.
Predict availability of equipment over varying date ranges.
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Email, fax and print; quotes, pro-formas , invoices, tracking and sales reports.
View delivery address location via Google Maps.
Use eFax or eSMS automated messaging tools.
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CHAPTER 2 :
INDIAN VIEW ON EVENT MANAGEMENT :-
Event management the very topic looks challenging. A concept gained importance in india only after the late 90’s. Commitemenet , leadership and mental and &physical devotion are the core factors needed to manage any type of event. Irrespective of type of scale of the event, the mental and physical hard work that is to be put in, differs by only a negligible degree of difference.
This terminology is comparatively very new to india, though Indians have been arranging for wedding ceremonies, naming and threading ceremonies even much before independence. But due to lack of proper forecasting, proper material handling they use to end up in problems like wastage of the food due to less people coming in or fire the pandal or food poisoning. This problems many a times used to put the families into financial trouble after the wedding.
It is very easy for the audience to make a event hit or flop. It takes just 5 minutes for the audience to judge the event resulting in the efforts of nearly 3-4 months and the hard work 70-80 people either turning productive or waste. Thus the efforts they have put in always remains at stake till the date of the event.
These are innumerable activities that have to be carried out. First of all forming communities, then allocating different jobs to each committee is the very first step. Here all the theoretical concepts learnt up till now in subjects like public relations, human resourse planning, logistics, human skills, controlling, accounts, organizing and others come into actual use.
As an event manager one must have a lot of flexibility in terms of working pattern. Be free to do all sorts of jobs irrespective of your position.
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CHAPTER 3:EXPLANATION OF CONCEPTS,DEFITIONS,CHARACTERITICS ETC:-
INTRODUCTION
3.1 EVENT MANAGEMENT
Event management is the management of events, so as to speak and put it in very simple terminology. Managing an event requires a set of skills that can be derived with experience, talent and today, there are colleges and institutions that offer event management as a topic of study and education. Introduction to event management can be easily explained with the basics of knowing that events are a large deal. For corporate as well as non corporate, events are a big deal and have to be handled and maintained well and with planning as well as foresight.
Introduction to the interesting world of event management:
Events are gatherings of people and occasions- the key is to have a good gathering where people are not uncomfortable and where they leave the party or event feeling satiated.
Events need to be understood from step one.
Events need to be looked into from every angle and one needs to know that events are different and differ from one another. Meaning, or in other words, events that are conducted for corporate will of course be different and the profiling of the party or event for a corporate launch, to state an example, will of course be different and unique from say, for instance, a birthday party or an event related to any kind of celebration.
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From the people who stand to welcome the guests in formal clothing, to the food and beverage list, to the arrangements of flowers and also to checking if the speakers and the microphone are working and in good condition, it all encompasses and comes under the purview and the watchful eye of an event manager. An event management firm always looks at handling a to z of the event, from inviting people for the event to making the invitation worthy of a compliment as well as all of the get together handling until the last guest is ready to leave. Even post that, the costing is often worked out by the event management firm. The event manager has to be on alert mode at all times. Food and beverages should be more than sufficient and should be served well and with classy outlooks and the ambience is a large part of the deal. A good event should look and feel good and give out those same vibes to people who attend it and are present
OBJECTIVES:-
1 .To Establish a committee and sub-committees to properly plan and execute events.
2. To Encourage involvement from group members
3. To study the technical aspect and logistics during planning of an event.
4. To study the major players in industry.
METHODOLOGY:-
1.The basic theory about the fundamentals was sourced from various event management notes .
2.The internet proved to be of good assistance for studying the essentials for successful firms and also for various statistics.
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LIMITATIONS:-
1.EVENT MANAGEMENT offers many avenues and it was not possible to cover all of them.
2.There was an inability to collect detailed data in terms of one-to-one meeting with people concerned with entertainment industry. However a little bit could be done.
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3.2 Event Planning Models
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Event Planning ModelsEvent Definition
“The use unconventional media / method involving people witness a happening within a capsule of time, for the purpose of communication of a message.”
An event is a live multimedia packages carried out with a preconceived concept , customized or modified to achieve the clients ‘ objectives of reaching out and suitably influencing the sharply defined, specially gathered target audience by proving a complete experience and an avenue for two-way interaction.
Event Models and the Management of the Events Process
The aim of this chapter is to provide an understanding of the processes involved in event management. Participants will consider relevant theoretical perspectives on events management and apply them to their own workplace and event contexts. It will give consideration to the main techniques available to the even manager in creating, proposing, planning and managing a variety of events. Models are an initial useful starting point and can assist in a more structured and ordered approach to the planing of events. There is no one model which fits all. It is for the event organizer to perhaps select and engage with a model he / she finds useful, and one which they can understand, share with their colleagues/stakeholders and add to or detract from. These models are not set in stone, they need to be reviewed, but they may well assist as a reference point.
As a visual representation of the key areas of the event planning process they may well assist in an overall perspective of the process, which can be broken down into both specific and inter – related parts. It is suggested that you can formulate your own event planning models. What works best for you and your Organization is the key.
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The event planning models do assist with planning. In the fast moving world of events with perhaps ever Decreasing planning time, shorter lead in times and a more competitive environment it is vital that Organizations utilize and maximize all their resources efficiently and effectively and manage and control their time management. Planning and the utilization of event planning models may well be of assistance in this area.
Key Points of Planning
Key Points on Planning
Successful planning ensures that anorganization/event remains competitive.
It creates ownership of strategies andcommunicates this to the organization
It consists of establishing where anorganisation is at present, where it is bestplaced to go in the future, and thestrategies and tactics needed to achieve that position.
The Event Planning Process
Development of event concept or intent to bid.
Feasibility study:- 1. Costs and benefits of the events 2. Event Resourse requirements
Decision to proceed or cease
Planning and implementation :-
1. Situation analysis
2. Objective setting
3. Strategy evaluation and Selection
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4. Development of operational plans in areas such as financing ,organizing , marketing and human resources.
The event
Shutdown
Evaluation and feedback
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3.3. Successful Strategies
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Successful StrategiesProcess of Strategy Making
The event strategy in its implementation comprises all factors that determine the success of the event. In organizing any event five main strategy making steps should be followed:
Develop strategy vision and mission
Setting objectives
Crafting strategy to achieve objectives
Implementing and executing strategy
Evaluating and correcting
1. VISION AND MISSION :-
The aim of a MISSION STATEMENT is to specify the purpose of the events, the phylosophy and values that guide it, and the scope of the business.A mission statement must be:
short, clear, understandable goal-oriented, provides direction and focus defines firm's domains of operation and criteria for success inspiring and motivational, gives employees a sense of belonging reflects the company's strategy
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2. Two types of objectives:- Financial & Strategic
FINANCIAL:- An objective set by a company in which the target state is measured in monetary terms, such as a certain amount of profits, or a certain percentage increase in profits over a period of time. Financial objectives are distinct from other types of objectives, such as retention objectives, recruitment objectives, or public relations objectives, the achievement of which cannot easily be measured monetarily.
STRATEGIC:-
Strategic planning is an organisation's process of defining its strategy, or direction, and making decisions on allocating its resources to pursue this strategy. In order to determine the future direction of the organization, it is necessary to understand its current position and the possible avenues through which it can pursue particular courses of action. Generally, strategic planning deals with at least one of three key questions:
1. What do we do?
2. For whom do we do it?
3. How do we excel?
3. CRAFTING STRATEGY:-
2. Crafting a Strategy to achieve performances: 5 approaches
Macroeconomic Analysis
Industry Analysis
Game Theory
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Capabilities-Based-Strategy formulation
Dynamic capabilities and evolutionary thinking
4.Implementing and Executing Strategy:-
4. Strategy implementation is fundamentally an administrative activity and includes the following components:
building an organization capable of carrying out the strategy successfully
establishing a Strategy-supportive budget
installing internal administrative support systems
devising rewards and incentives that are linked to objectives and strategy
shaping the corporate culture to fit the strategy
exercising strategic leadership
5.EVALUATING AND CORRECTING:-
Doing the tasks of strategic management is an ongoing responsibility. Managers must constantly evaluate performance, monitor the situation, and decide how well things are going Altering the organization's long-term direction
Redefining the business
Raising or lowering performance objectives
Modifying the strategy
Improving strategy execution
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Strategy Contents
As in many business or life activities it is very important to raise a few questions before the strategy of the event is devised. Answers to fundamental questions are to given as what is to be done, why this way or other before it is clear if the event is feasible at all. They should start from the simplest and proceed to more complicated which could be if necessary applied to more complex events. According to Saunder some of them are following:
Firstly, why must we organize the event?
Is that the best way to achieve what we want to achieve?
What exactly shape will the event which we are seeking for assume?
Is there anything to choose from? If so then what shall we pick out?
When are we planning to organize the event?
Have we agreed it with directly related persons?
Have we arranged it with TV companies or concerted with the country’s Art Calendar regarding participation of their representatives?
Where will our event take place?
Have we really suitable conditions for it?
Or it should be better arranged elsewhere where there are more suitable facilities for it?
If the place we shall use will provide everything we need?
What way can we achieve it?
Is it possible to dispose of the event mechanisms so that they assure its successful completion? How much will organization of the event cost?
Where shall we raise the money?
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Who will undertake it?
Who will attend it?
Who will watch it?
Who will take part in it?
Who will pay?
Will the media be interested in it?
Will the sponsors be interested in it?
Will the politicians and authorities enjoy the event?
How many events of the kind are there?
What is our next step?
What shall we start with?
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3.4. Event Marketing
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Event Marketing
An organization’s success is influenced by factors operating in it’s internal and external environment; an organization can increase it’s success by adopting strategies which manipulate these factors to it’s advantage. A successful organization will not only understand existing factors but also forecast change, so that it can take advantage of change within the environments in which itoperates.
The marketing environment surrounds and impacts upon the organization. There are three key perspectives on the marketing environment, namely the 'macro-environment,' the 'microenvironment' and the 'internal environment'.
The micro-environment:-
This environment influences the organization directly. It includes suppliers that deal directly or indirectly, consumers and customers, and other local stakeholders. Micro tends to suggest small, but this can be misleading. In this context, micro describes the relationship between firms and the driving forces that control this relationship. It is a more local relationship, and the firm may exercise a degree of influence. Micro environmental factors – These are internal factors, which the organization can control.
The macro-environment:-
This includes all factors that can influence and organization, but that are out of their direct control. A company does not generally influence any laws (although it is accepted that they could lobby or be part of a trade organization). It is continuously changing, and the company needs to be flexible to adapt. There may be aggressive competition and rivalry in a market. Globalization means that there is always the threat of substitute products and new entrants. The wider environment is also ever changing, and the marketer needs to compensate for changes in culture, politics, economics and technology. Pest Factors – These are external forces which the organization does not have direct control over these factors.
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PEST is an acronym and each letter represents a type of factor (Political, Economical ,Social and Technological).
The internal environment.
All factors that are internal to the organization are known as the 'internal environment'. They are generally audited by applying the 'Five Ms' which are Men, Money, Machinery, Materials and Markets. The internal environment is as important for managing change as the external .So, types of marketing environment could be: micro and macro.
Event Marketing Mix
The service marketing mix comprises off the 7’p’s. These include:
• Product ;
• Price;
•Place;
• Promotion;
•People;
•Process;
•Physical evidence.
Event Product: -
It must provide value to a customer but does not have to be tangible at the sametime. Basically, it involves introducing new products or improvising the existing products. Product Elements Managers must select the features of both the core product and the bundle of supplementary service elements surrounding it, with reference to the benefits desired by customers and how well competing products perform. product elements: all components
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of the service performance that create value for customers. It could be event programme, transport accommodation, meetings.
Price: -
Pricing must be competitive and must entail profit. The pricing strategy can comprise discounts, offers and the like. Event service managers recognize and, where practical, seek to minimize other costs and burdens that customers may bear in purchasing and using a service, including additional financial expenditures, time, mental and physical effort, and negative sensory experiences.
Place: -
It refers to the place where the customers can buy the product and how the product reaches out to that place. This is done through different channels, like Internet, wholesalers and retailers. Place: management decisions about when, where, and how to deliver services to customers. Customer expectations of speed and convenience are becoming important determinants in service delivery strategy. Places of events could be public non public, mass, individual, in the open air andin the building.
Promotion: -
No marketing program can succeed without an effective communication program.This component plays three vital roles: providing needed information and advice, persuading target customers of the merits of a specific product, and encouraging them to take action at specific times. In service marketing, much communication is educational in nature, especially for new customers. Companies may need to teach these customers about the benefits of the service, where and when toobtain it, and how to participate effectively in service processes. Communications can be delivered by individuals, such as salespeople and trainers, or through such media as TV, radio, newspapers, magazines, billboards, brochures, and Web sites
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People: -
People refer to the customers, employees, management and everybody else involved in it. It is essential for everyone to realize that the reputation of the brand that you are involved with is in the people’s hands. Many services depend on direct, personal interaction between customers and a firm's employees (like getting a haircut or eating at a restaurant). The nature of these interactions strongly influences the customer's perceptions of service quality. Customers often judge the quality of the event service they receive largely on their assessment of the people providing the service. Successful event service firms devote significant effort to recruiting, training, and motivating theirpersonnel, especially - but not exclusively - those who are in direct contact with customers.
Process: -
It refers to the methods and process of providing a service and is hence essential to have a through knowledge on whether the services are helpful to the customers, if they are provided in time, if the customers are informed in hand about the services and many such things. Creating and delivering product elements to customers requires the design and implementation of effective processes . A process describes the method and sequence in which service operating systems work. Badly designed processes are likely to annoy customers because of slow, bureaucratic, and ineffective service delivery. Similarly, poor processes make it difficult for front-line staff to do their jobs well, result in low productivity, and increase the likelihood of service failures.
Physical (evidence):-
It refers to the experience of using a product or service. When a service goesout to the customer, it is essential that you help him see what he is buying or not. For example :brochures, pamphlets etc serve this purpose. The appearance of buildings, landscaping, vehicles, interior furnishing, equipment, staff members, signs, printed materials, and other visible cues all provide tangible evidence of a firm's service style and quality. Service firms need to provide evidence of service manage physical evidence carefully because it can have a profound impact on quality, customers' impressions. In services with few tangible elements, such as insurance,
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advertising is often employed to create meaningful symbols. For instance, an umbrella may symbolize protection, and a fortress, security. (Lovelock Ch.., Wright L., 1999).
Marketing StrategyMarket research :-
We learned earlier that a key component of the sevens Ps of marketing is marketresearch and analysis. Before one can effectively design and market an event, there is the need to determine the desires, expectations, and anticipations of the audience to whom that marketing will be directed. The event may be an original production—or a historic, traditional annual meeting—but research must be on going. By researching markets in depth, the event marketer will be able to spot trends in time to respond to changing needs as well as to resolve small problems before they become major ones. As demographics, desires, and issues change, marketing must be on pace with change to address those market fluctuations in all available promotional media and marketing vehicles.
Quantitative/qualitative research:-
There are two basic categories of research instruments with which we should be familiar: quantitative and qualitative surveys. Either can be considered for bothPrevent and post event research. And qualitative methodology is extremely effective during the event itself.The major difference between the two is this:Quantitative research allows little room for interpretation; it is a snapshot of attitude or opinion based on numerical or analytical ratings systems. It is typically faster because it is easy to execute and tabulate, less expensive, and not as open to conjecture as qualitative research instruments.
On the other hand, qualitative research is more in depth, a study of opinions, objectives, visions,and experiential and performance observations. It is more time consuming, often more expensive, and more interpretive than the quantitative approach. Again, both are often used simultaneously, as well as separately, and can be effective for prevent marketing and planning strategies as well as post event evaluations. You will need to determine which may be the best method,
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given your timing, group characteristics, and type of information needed.
Quantitative research (hard data):-
In most cases, this research is conducted on paper, electronically such as Internet applications, or through telemarketing. For example, assume you are considering two keynote speakers for your Mid-Year Event. In your prevent quantitative research instrument, you ask your potential audience to rate which speaker they wish to hear, on a scale of 1 to 10 (1 being the lowest desirability; 10, the highest). Speaker A receives an average of 5.6 in your responses. Speaker B nails a 9.3. This result needs little interpretation. The data are “hard.” Go for speaker B, or be ready to explain the alternative! This system works well for all aspects of event marketing and evaluation, including the ratings of multiple educational programs, social events, and overall experiential responses. Quantitative research instruments are objective.Questions may be developed in two different styles: In picture 4, you will find a model of a typical Quantitative prevent survey.
Qualitative research (soft data):-
What’s the hidden meaning? What are the objectives of this event? What are the ranges of interests in the markets we are trying to attract? These are the kinds of questions that compel qualitative research, the probing inspection of attitudes, opinions, interests, and organizational directions. By its nature, this type of research is more time consuming and expensive, as well as more open to varied and sometimes conflicting interpretation by analysts. Qualitative research instruments are subjective. But qualitative research can be much more exciting! It’s the “risk-taker research” if you are not afraid of what the answers may be. In other words, the results of qualitative techniques can take you to places you may not have thought of, lead you to fresh new concepts, perhaps all the way to the “Field of Dreams.” There are several favored ways to conduct qualitative research.
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3.5. Financing
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Financing Introduction
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One of the most important tasks, and difficult, is to manage the financing side of the organization of an event. It is not possible to hold an event without financing.First of all there are a few questions we should ask ourselves:
What do I want to organize?
Why, what is the purpose?
What is it like?
When is it due for?
How much is it going to cost?
Once we have the answers, we will have the guidelines for the development of the project and will be able to proceed to the financing stage of the process.
TYPES OF EVENT
In order to achieve the purposes of the event we are to organize, it is a priority to define the type of event.
What do I want to organize?
The event could be:
Scientific: - Congresses, conferences, seminars, etc.
Cultural: - Exhibitions, guided tours, concerts, etc.
Corporate: - Conventions, Incentive travel, FAM trips, Trade Fairs, etc.
Institutional: - Flag Day, Historic Commemorations, etc.
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Sport: - Competitions, Charity matches, sporting activities, etc…
Ceremonies: -Weddings, banquets, etc.
Every event is different and it requires a different structure with different sources of financing.Their goals are different and while some events produce considerable benefits, others will barely cover costs.For example, a sport event is likely to be financed mainly through sponsorship from the sport labels, broadcasting rights, etc. On the other hand, a scientific event will most probably be only financed by the participants’ fees and the Association or University behind the organization.
LOCATION OF THE EVENT:-
What will the event be like?
Another basic question is the size of the event, i.e., the number of participants. It is important to decide whether it is going to welcome a vast audience or just a selected group and, for example, domestic or foreign participants as the final programme, administrative procedures and social activities will depend on the size and characteristics of the event.
Moreover, both income and expenses will vary according to the dimension, -local, national or international- of the event; and so will the different sources of financing.Finally, the character of the event will also influence the possible economic support given by public or private institutions.
PURPOSE OF THE EVENT
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What do I want to organize?
A short, descriptive report should be made including the purpose, needs and characteristics of the event to be held.
When is it due for?
Timing is crucial as it implies not only the event and its organization, but also the time required to obtain funding.
What character will the event have?
To be borne in mind:
General features of the event
- Participants
- Timing
- Needed Space
- Responsibilities
This information is necessary to define the exact profile of the event and to know whether the resources are enough to carry out the project.The purpose. This is what it is to be achieved with the celebration of the event. The benefits are, according to the nature of the event, diverse:
Economic
Participation
Social
Political
Qualification
Public Image
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Tourist
Scientific
Media Coverage
Regarding funding, the major goal of every event, apart from those described above, is to accomplish the initial estimate of income and expenditure so that the final result achieves the most of the original plan.
POTENTIAL PARTICIPANTS
To whom is the event addressed?
It is fundamental to know the type of participants attending the event so as to tailor it as much as possible to satisfy their expectations and make as dynamic as possible in order to catch the necessary attention. Participant profile:
Experts
Professionals
Students
Children
Youngsters
Adults
Seniors
Technicians
Public in general
The Budget
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Once the type of event has been established, we need to know if it is possible to carry it out and to do that we need to make a budget with the income and the expenses.
REQUIREMENTS OF THE EVENT
A draft budget will be drawn and modifications will be made along the organization of the event. This takes a long time beforehand and is basically theoretical. Halfway though the organization, a second budget will be made. It will be closer to reality, with updated rates, although the number of participants will be still unknown, as well as the final sources of financing. Eventually a final budget will be made. It will be real and operational and a logical consequence of the second. We should highlight here the importance of the fact that unexpected costs will be appearing along the organization of the event. These are extraordinary expenses that arise throughout the development of the event and that may take up to 20% of the total costs.
FEASIBILITY STUDY
An itemized budget should include the technical requirements, suppliers and necessary services for the development of the event. According to the funds expected for the event decisions should be made about the logistical, organizational, staff and formal requirements, as well as the size of the venue to be held, time of the year and length of the event. Every aspect of the event should be included in this study. It is necessary to know whether it is possible to organize and hold it, bearing in mind the minimum goals and the percentage of these goals over the total costs, so as to know whether the final benefits would be obtained. A strategy to obtain funds will be designed so that the event can be successful. This strategy should attract private or public sponsors, as well as participants We need to check that there is a demand that will accept our project. We also need to know how to achieve the necessary funds and whether the event will have any sort of profit margin.
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HOW TO MAKE A BUDGET. EXAMPLES
In order to make the budget we need to ask, and answer, a few basic questions. What is the size the event? To whom is it addressed? What participation expectations do we have? Where is venue? All these questions were answered above. In every budget, there must be a total balance between income and expenditure. Two example budgets are shown below. These are likely to be the most representative: a sport event and a scientific event.
The sport event is a social gathering with a large number of participants as this is a very dynamic sector that attracts widespread interest from both the audience and the sponsors if the right sportsman is chosen. As stated above, one of the main goals of a sport event is to have economic benefits.
In the present example it is easy to see in the final balance the benefit obtained, as the income was higher than the expenses, and therefore the organizers will have a surplus either for the organization of the next event or for their own benefit.In this example, expenses are:
SPORT EVENT
Transport, accommodation and competitors’ and judges’ allowances and salaries, which are the logistics expenses.
Opening Cocktail or Ceremony with the participants and the media.
Expenses of the corporate image: event programme, tickets, posters, journals, websites (from which to sell online tickets), mailings (to the prospective participants and sponsors).
Technical and audiovisual equipment: screens for the results, cabins for the translators, public address system, etc.
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Coordination expenses. The technical secretariat means a very important cost but at the same time it is their responsibility to ensure the success of the event, to plan, develop and hold the event from the beginning to the settling of the accounts.o The press office will be in charge of the media coverage of the event. Further costs are press insertions with the participants and dates.
Venues and premises: the space necessary to hold the event.
Public-liability insurance will cover the organizer’s responsibility in case of attendees’ accidents, faults in the facilities involving refunds or the cancellation of the event due to participants’ injuries or withdrawal.
Unexpected costs are included here as they are likely to appear through the event.
There are four parts in the income section:
Participants’ fees: these are the attendees to the event who pay their ticket.
Sponsors: Sport labels and sponsors in general who will bring their economic support for material expenses, easy to justify to the public tax office.
Public Institutions: All the funds received form the local government where the event takes place.
Local Council: will provide the funs for the venue of the event.
RISKS AND RESPONSIBILITIES
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There are times when the differences between the initial two budgets and the final one, where unexpected expenses are included, are so wide that the whole event is at stake.
Dangers likely to be found: Lack of experience in the event organization. This will result in some costs not being included in the draft budget. Lack of foresight. Events should be prepared long time beforehand and right from the beginning a draft budget, including all expenses, should be prepared in order to know the funds necessary .Lack of funds and participants: The budget may have been too optimistic and the financing received is not enough. The estimated attendance has resulted in a very poor real attendance. This tends to happen in the first edition of most events.
Poor organization:
The date of the event should not coincide with any other event in the same field, even though the scopes are different, since this would result in poor attendance
Responsibilities: The Organizing Committee, which will appoint an organizer or will be made up of several persons, will take full responsibility in case the overall purpose is not fulfilled, as they will authorize payments from the very first budget to the settling of the accounts.
EXPENSES
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In doing the expense part of the budget, it should be taken into account all the different concepts needed for the organization of the event. A set of questions should be prepared in order to know the characteristics and scope of the event.
Below, some of the main cost elements in the budget
Human resources needed, do we have enough staff or do we need to hire especially qualified staff? :
Technical secretariat, hostesses, promoters, models, tourist guides, coordinators, image consultants, event organizers, protocol consultants, chairmen, speakers, security staff, medical services, translators and interpreters and clearing and maintenance.
Technical Equipment. What do we need?
Public address system, simultaneous translation, recording studios, cinema production, media coverage and broadcasting, corporate videos, etc.
Communication. What do we need to make our event known?:
Advertising, marketing and communication , graphic design and printing, media coverage, script writers, multimedia, web design, mailing, and merchandising.
Entertainment. Do we want a dynamic event?
Entertainment, artists, DJs, Karaoke, shows, cultural visits , music evenings.
Stage and furnishing. What kind of presentation do we want?
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Furnishing hire, digital visual art, party commodities, marquees, platforms, stages, decor and design, stand design and assembly, flower arrangements, notices, signposting and labelling.
Social Programme. How many free time activities shall we offer?
Lunches and dinners ,catering, gala dinners, opening and closing ceremonies, gifts.
The venue. Where do we want to hold the event?
Town Halls, boats, bars and discos, wine cellars and vineyards, congress and convention centres , historic buildings, castles, palaces ,sport facilities, in the open air, hotels, restaurants, lounges.
Transport Do we need any means of transport?
Rent a car, chauffeurs, coaches, air transport and special vehicles.
5. 3 Income and Financing
HOW CAN WE OBTAIN THE MONEY? SOURCES OF FINANCING
Once the budget is finished and the scope of the event chosen, the next step is to specify the type of financing needed for the balance of the budget. In any type of event there are always two types of financing: internal and external.
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Internal financing:
This is basically the funds belonging to the organization itself, resulting from previous events which were profitable and from the membership fees and private funds from the organizer.
External financing may come from:
Fees:
From the participants and attendees in the event . It is calculated in a first draft taking as a reference a previous edition of the event or a similar one in order to foresee the income and know the fees to charge. Moreover, it is necessary to know the contribution from institutions, however rough the estimative may be, before the final fees are set. Fees tend to cover 50% of the total cost of the event.
Institutional Help : Public Institutions: Local government and Town Council
Official grants: local, national, international.
Private Sponsors:
Depending on the type and scope of the event it is possible to find private institutions (banks, saving banks, companies, sponsors, et.) to support the event partly or totall Sponsoring means to contribute in kind or cash in consideration for publicity and media coverage that the sponsors will receive in the short term. When the contribution is in kind, the costs in the examples above will be covered. For example, the town council will pay for the expenses of the venue hire directly or a private sponsor will cover the travelling expenses paying themselves the tickets they accepted to contribute with.
Private sponsors may be:
Associations:
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Legal entities made up by partners with the same purpose who pay a membership fee periodically with which to support this type of events.
Federations:
Associations as a whole.
Companies:
They finance events in order to become well known in the short term. They usually exchange their economic support for the chance to appear in the events appearing in the media.
Charities:
These are non-profit legal entities which may have commercial activities devoting part of the benefits to support cultural, social or environmental activities.
Sponsors:
They offer support, either in kind or in cash, in a long term consideration. The sponsors are the promoters and organizers of over 80% of the events arranged. Most events would not be possible without their support.
3.6. Health, Safety and Risk Assessment.
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Health, Safety and Risk Assessment.44
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Risk Assessment - The 5 Steps
1 Identify the hazards
2 Determine who is at risk
3 Determine if the existing controls are adequate and amend
4 Record the findings
5 Review the assessment as necessary
Hazard Categories
Physical: noise, vibration, lasers and electrical hazards
Chemical: toxic, corrosive, irritant, harmful materials and fire
Positional: work at height, position near water, layout of site, vehicles and use of temporary structures
Environmental: heat, cold, wind, pollution and slopes.
Health: fatigue, dehydration, musculoskeletal injury, psychological stress.
Determine who is at risk
Different people may be more vulnerable to certain hazards, they may be less responsible or more likely to take risks - consider in particular:
Children and those caring for them
Older people
Disabled people
Volunteers
Contractors
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New and expectant mothers
Those whose first language is not your own
Those affected by drink / drugs / substance abuse
The importance of identifying those at risk involves:
their different vulnerabilities to hazards
their different competencies and understanding
their different perceptions of risk
their different abilities to respond to information
their different behaviour in certain situations
Key Definitions
• Hazard = something with the capacity to cause harm
• Risk = the likelihood and severity of the harm
• Risk Assessment = method to determine the risk
• Risk Control = means to reduce the risk
To carry out health and safety responsibilities effectively it is wise to adopt asystematic approach
This encourages proper planning and execution of the tasks necessary for health and safety management
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3.7: PRATICAL VIEWPOINT
The process of planning , organizing and staging of an event is describe in this chapter.
Event management is planning and management of an event ,project or activity.
It is important when staging an event to be dear about WHY the event is being held :
To inform and educate the community about a cause;
Obtain media coverage for an activity;
To raise funds ; and
To celebrate a community’s strength and conhesiveness.Organizers should also clarify WHO the event is for.
Most events will cater for a variety of interest groups :
The local community
Members
Sponsors
Media; and
Potential members.
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Regardless of the nature of events , your target audience or the event’s objectives , some key steps should be followed to help ensure a successful event.
Key steps for event management :
Developing the event concept
The key questions to ask at this early development stage are :
What is this event for ?
What form will it take ?
When and where will it be held ?
How will the event benefit participants?
What could be barriers ?
Determine the feasibility of the event :
Key questions to be asked are :
What physical resources are available (facilities and equipment) or accessible to support the event?
What are the costs (time , personnel , and money)?
How can any potential barriers be overcome ?
Is their sufficient time for planning?
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Check the timings of your vent does not clash with any other key events.
Event Planning and Preparation:
It’s a good idea to establish a formal event committee consisting of committed members who are clear about their skills and what they are prepared to contribute . one person should lead the project as the Event Coordinator.
As early as possible , outline the responsibilities of each member – their tasks, deadlines , reliance on other members for support and any interdependency of tasks.
The following steps are a useful guide for the Event Planning Stage.
Set Objectives:
Set realistic dates , times ,deadlines.
Consult with stakeholders for input
Develop budget and monitor finances
List all essential costs for the event:
Costs should include administration , event delivery ,marketing , communication , contingency , advertising etc.
Rupees for unexpected expenses (normally 15% of total budget expenditure).
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Many events may also generate some income:
Direct income (ticket sales , programs ,catering , car parking)
Indirect income (advertising , sponsorships ,raffles , donations).
All sponsorships should be noted as income. Also incude any costs incurred in obtaining sponsorships. Refer to our Voluntering and Community and Business Partnership fact sheet for advice on securing partnerships.
Drawings up a cash flow budget is also advised , which estimates when money is to received and when it is to be paid out. Plan for income i.e. payments to be received in order to pay for accounts. As a safety measure , nominate a cut –off date , when a final decision is made to proceed with the eve or not .if income is not going to be sufficient to cover expenses , it is advisable to cancel the event.
Identify Tasks and Responsibilities :
Main tasks for the event must be identified , and individuals in the event committee appointed against each task. Such taks include catering, competition, facilities and equipments, finance , marketing and communications, programs/ results/awards,security, insurance (to cover those attending your event), support services , transport ,sponsorships relations and volunteers.
Prepare a chart :
It may be useful to prepare a chart , which outlines your projects timelines and the people responsible for tasks. This will help keep track of your progress.
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Monitor vent progress:
The event coordinator’s role is to monitor the team’s progress against milestone and ensure the event runs smoothly.
Regular meeting dates for dates for progress reports are advisable , to keep members feeling connected with each other ,report on progress or problem , and map out next steps for the project and address contingencies.
Possible loop holes :
Experience has revealed the following to be ‘trouble spots/loopholes for event management. Try to ensure that you address these areas in your planning.
Not appointing an events coordinator .
Not maintaining accurate written records.
Not monitoring progress closely.
Allowing insuffient planning time.
Failing to communicate and coordinate fully with committee members.
Insufficient staff.
Specific event ‘trouble spots’include:
Insufficient food and beverages.
No first aid
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Poor press coverage.
No contingency plans for bad weather.
Program running over time.
Lack of hospitality for visitors.
Failure to inform police or local authorities.
Lack of colour or glamour.
Insufficient parking.
Unclear direction signs.
Emergengy procedures not in place.
Insufficient waste management systems(toilets and rubbish).
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Recommendations for filling the loopholes:
The loopholes mentioned above can be filled with proper planning and appointment of an event coordinator. He/she should communicate efficiently and effectively with the members of managing committee.
The coordinator should plan the process in such a way that proper planning time is allocated to activities and a proper back up plan and emergency procedures should be planned in case of contingency.
The local authority and the police should be informed about the event taking place so that event can be carried on peacefully.
The coordinator should be given proper details related to number of guests expected , venue and etc. so that he can arrange the at his best with proper staffing.
Details related to venue will help him/her providing with spots for media coverage. This can also help in planning the place required for parking and the appropriate directions towards sitting facilities etc.
The information related to number of guets expected , will help him in providing suffient first aid facilities with suffient number of stalls for food and beverages , proper wastages system, proper sitting facilities with right kind of hospitality.
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Key issues plaguing the industry :
Withholding tax on foreign artist’s remunerations:
As per existing regulations the event manager is liable to deduct 30.6% tax from the remunerations paid to an international artist. In most cases artist will always refuse to take this burden on themselves and expect the event management to bare the tax. As a result of this most events become a non- starter from the beginning itself.
Regulatory clearance for events:
These are several clearance required for an events especially if it is an international event. At the local level , an average of about 22 clearances are required for staging an event and for an international event ; numerous clearances are required to be taken from various agencies.
Lack of infrastructure:
There is lack of infrastructure in india for staging live events here.Globally events are held in arenas. There is a lack of adequate exhition infrastructure in india for staging of events. Events are still held open grounds , sports stadium and university auditoriums , which are not meant for this purpose.
Lack of corporatizations:
The event management industry still comprises of many non corporate entities. In order for the industry to grow , industry players need to expand their operations , invest in hi-tech infrastructure for which they need institutional finance and external equity investments.
Establishment of industry forum:
Unlike in us ,the Indian event management industry does not have a forum or a self – regulatory body.
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Entertainment tax:
The entertainment tax in india is much higher as compared to any other asian country. Besides the level and nature of taxation also differs from state to state.
Income tax:
India has complicated income tax regulations for international artists.
Duties on imports:
The duty on imports of equipments pertaining to certain events is still charged at normal rates, there is no special subsidy or wavier for the import of world class equipments to support events in india.
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Recommendations for factors plaguing the industry :
Besides generating revenues from sponsorships and ticket sales the event also creates a strong impact on economy. In the case of visiting foreign artist the Government of India receives IT from the revenues of the artist. The state government receives entertainment tax from the sale of tickets. Large movement of people travelling inter city for concerts and events results in revenues for airlines.
Regulatory clearance for events :
While single window clearance have been facilated by the RBI, decentralization would help in speeding up the process. The government needs to understand that they stand to gain substantial revenues if they make it simpler for event managers. The governments can streamline the approval process by instituting a single – window clearance procedure for international events.
Development of infrastructure :
There is dearly need to build exhibition infrastructure specifically for events, the way it exists in different countries.
Corporation:
For this to happen, the industry needs to restructure itself into corporate entities implement sound trade and accounting practices and implement corporate governance as a code of conduct. Establishment of dear and transparent accounting policies would enhance the reputation of these companies, which will facilitate them to get institutional finance.
Establishment of industry forum :
Establishment of an industry forum or association will assist the industry players in tackling their problems collectively and taking growth-enabling measures. The forum will help in negotiating with suppliers of facilities.
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Income tax :
If India has become a popular destination for international artists, the income tax regulations should be made with no dout and artist-friendly as possible.
Service tax :
The industry which needs to be nurtured by the government has been taxed under service tax net (10.2%) that has been levied as per the finance bill of 2004. This will have a detrimental effect on the industry. Even if the industry passes on tax to the clients , from the view point of client this would only cease clients from spending on events.
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3.8.Technical aspects in Event management:-
Technical aspects in Event management:-
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Pre-Production :-
Following major tasks have to be performed during the pre-production stage:
Prepare a detail schedule prior to production work on site.
Detail out of role department that are likely to be involved in the production.
Prepare a detail checklist of activity heads.
Plot a detailed time chart, delivery schedules that would lead to successful execution of the production.
Pre-production work also includes completion of following tasks :-
Designing and creation of set.
Designing of signange’s, props etc.
Creation of packaging , which could includes pre-production computer graphic, animations, television show packaging, background music scores, music for the show, composition of thematic music for entries and presentation, etc.
Scripting , designing and allocating the technical production elements.
On-site production :
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This includes actual execution of work on site this include
Construction of sets ,
Lighting ,
Backstage management and production,
Coordinating with dancers, artists,
Cueing and executing the screenplay of the act or performance,
Shooting and online editing,
Controlling and managing multi camera setups.
Post production :-
Post event production starts with the end of the show, it is the responsibility of the event manager to leave a venue premise restored to its original state as it was handed over to them prior to the
commencement of the event. The post production includes :
Ensuring smooth dismantling of the technical gear and the staging.
The material/branding pertaining to sponsor should be neatly packed and handed over to the relevant authorities.
Editing of products footage , packaging it for television.
In case the has to be televised then the tapes should be sent to the television director for editing and post production, a designate from the production team should oversee the post production.
Departments in production:-
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Show direction team
Scripting and show packaging team
Show production manager
Technical production team
Lighting design
Acoustic engineering
Audio visual team
SFX team
On ground management.
Backstage management team
Front of stage reception and management team.
Production- The Sequence of Activities:
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From time the client approves the project and the discussed creative plan is passed on the production team. The onus comes onto the production to design and execute the idea to perfection.
A lot of good production values depend upon drawing detailed checklists, plotting the event map and flow based on time and delivery schedule. The first thing that effects good production is drawing a detailed interence and interpresentation out of the creative brief , i.e. making a list of requirements that would go into the event.
Starting fom the elementariness that make an event like sets, support systems, lighting, audio visuals , staging, backstage and artists, performers , etc. later they need to workout a detailed flow which includes aspects that would make the audience comfortable in the time they intend to spent at our event.This includes aspects of cleanliness , comfortable seating, refreshments and sanitation, etc once the requirements are listed out the production team needs to draw a detailed time lines of events along with job list of who would be responsible for the execution along with a deadline by which the job would be completed.
The master sheet should also include contact numbers of the people involved. This sheet should be used as reference point through out the pre event leading up to the event. A similar entrance and exist sheet should also be drawn for the show date. There should be a minute-by-minute schedule detailing about the timing that would go into putting up the infrastructure and also the ingress of staffing, artists, etc who will be a part of the show. A separate cue sheet detailing the flow of the show/event listing the timings of acts, speechless, presentations detailed to include cues for backstage, lighting, P.A. operator, audio visual team, etc should also be listed as part of the sheet. A separate sheet showing detailed report of work carried out during the day and progress on daily basis should be submitted to the senior production or technical manager.
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Following are the points to be considered for production of conferences :
Preparing and designing and production of conferences,
Invite, mailing and putting together the backend cell for telecalling and monitoring the RSVP’s.
Follow up calls need to be made to all dignitaries to ensure their participation.
The conferences branding and settings and branding need to be designed keeping in mind the theme of the event.
Ensure the audience is comfortably seated at conference. There is enough drinking water, other refreshment for the audience.
Proper signange’s indicating areas reserved for media, VIP’s, special diginities is put up and the area is distinguished they’ll from the general seating so that guests are not incovenienced.
If there are any formats of presentation then the same need to be also arreange for and put into place.
Ensure that all audiovisual gear is checked and backups are in place.
The delegate kits , bags , badges , registration process, list of a detailed itinerary of the speakers, ensuring that their presentations are on the computer loaded and ready for the event to begin.
Production for Awards/Live Events/Fashion Shows :
Production for live events includes,
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Doing a venue recce to assets the logistics required to put together a show.
Detailing a complete ground plan including demarcating areas of utility, like parking, toilets, reception areas, etc
Work out a detailed script of the show including sound and lights and other technical of the show.
Finalizing acts/artists/dancers/performers and their entries and acts.
Designing of a stage and set for the show which also includes supplementary like green rooms for artists and performers, quick change rooms on stage ,screens with masking for audio-visuals, etc
Doing a detailed technical rider which lists out all technical-related area which includes sound, lights, audio visuals, sfx , props and other elements to be used during the show.
Creating a cue sheet which details out all aspects of the show right from timings of various acts, timings when the artists have to be cued and prepared to go on standby for their act.
Detailing out what props are required for each act , what specific lighting cues is required is any audio source has to be cued to play during the act (LIVE /RECORDED) the same has to be included in the cue sheet for the sound reinforcement team.
Special cues for audio visual team to play any audio visuals as parts of the act have to be also included in the same brief. Cues for backstages hands , SFX and other allied departments like FOH, etc have to be informed accordingly.
The world of technical production :
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Technical production has always been the “what’s that” factor for event managers.
Knowledge of technical production has so far been the domain of few and very few event managers have tried to dare and ‘know it all’ for the success of event because technically sounds events can make the most ludicrous concepts look creative, fabulous and opulent if treated to perfection.
It is easy to hire a production or technical manager , and rely on his expertise to deliver the goods. But if you don’t have knowledge about technical world you can’t tell if it’s good for you or not.
What makes a great technical production?
A detailed insight into technical gear knowledge of different application of technical gear, how does one distinguish gear and /or equipment for the right equipments for the right event?
Selecting technicians is done as per show and budgetary requirements of the client. Having a through knowledge of the show requirements and look and feel that is required for the show, the design of the set, the seating plan of the audience and format of the show (whether it is for television, or a closed audience or indoor or outdoor)
Technical World at a glance :
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Lighting
Sound reinforcement
Audiovisuals
SFX
Trusting and scaffolding
Lasers
Televised coverage/broadcasting
Venue construction
Lighting :-
Architectural Lighting
Theater Lighting
Special Effect Lighting
Venue construction:
On ground venue arrangement
Drinking water
Canteen during set up days
Toilets
Green rooms
Meter room
Cabling
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General lighting
Gates
Parking arrangements
Venue cleaning and maintenance
8.10Tips for technical manager :
Always plan for the worst case scenario, keep enough back ups for power , mixing controls.
Keep a swiss knife and a torch handly while on the set.
Rubber soled shoes for protection against electric shocks.
Never handle live wires with bare hands . make sure wire, joints are well insulated.
While ordering projectors, always insist on asking for projector with a bright bulb if not brand new.
Same goes for the scanners and follow spots too.
Prepare a detailed technical rider of all equipments using separate sheets for each departments , 1st out of performance , payback equipment separately.
If audio-visual presentation is to be made in any format eg. In form of DAT, audio cassette, CD, VCD,MD, BETA, UMAT, VHS ,etc then ensure that the software required to play the presentations is included in software head of the rider and make sure you hand over a copy of this rider to each department head.
CHAPTER 4 :- PRIMARY DATA
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EVENT MANAGEMENT BY EKVEERA DECORATORS
It was started in 1989 by MR.MILIND PATIL, named has Patil decorators. First they started their business by taking small events has it was not properly setup. But later in 1991 it was properly setup and started to take big events. Its 1st big event was of CHINMAY MISSION in 1991. Even till today all events organize by CHINMAY MISSION is manage by this event managing firm.
Their workers come from a village named murbad, and even few of them are still working here. Earlier this workers used to charged 50-100 RS per day but now they charges 500-700 per day till 6.p.m. but if the time extends more than 6.p.m they charges more money.
Later the firm changed their name from PATIL DECORATORS to EKVEERA DECORATORS. This firm also have monopoly in various halls, schools, colleges etc. At present they have monopoly in suyog hall, lems,vpm and many more.
The firm has monopoly with CHINMAY MISSION for more then 20 years. The upcoming programme which this firm is going to organize is SAHITYA SAMYLAN in Marathi vidhyalya school in mulund. The firm has also arrange an event at national level which is a speech of MR. Advani.
Apart from managing events , the firm also provides services to NAUGHAR SEVA MANDAL. Its does all its work totally free. The Ganesh festival of this mandal is totally arrange and organized by EKVEERA DECORATORS.
WEDDING MANAGEMENT :
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REQUIREMENTS FOR WEDDING:-
TABLES
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CHAIRS HELOGEN LIGHTING ITEMS FLOWER DECORATIONS CARPETS CENT FANS DECORATIVE ITEMS SOFAS RAJA RANI CHAIRS HAWAN KUND SOUND SYSTEM FOOD ITEMS FANS
Questionnaire
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Name :Address:Email ID :
What all events do you manage?
What sort of audience are you expecting?
How many volunteers shall be stationed for the event?
How do you plan to maintain order and safety in case of chos?
What sort of security measures shall be provided by you during the event?
What kind of difficulties are you anticipating? How do you plan to get beyond them?
What sort of food and drinks will be served during the event?
Have you arrange for the aid or any such medical facility in case of an emergency?
A.YES B. NO
Are sanitary and hygiene facilities available?
A. YES B. NO
What sort of permissions do you have to seek for hosting the event?
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CHAPTER 5: CASE STUDY
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CASE STUDY
The challenge :-73
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A UK-based company specialising in Christmas-themed corporate events wanted to encourage its customers re-book for the following year. These large-scale events were attended by up to 1200 guests from various different companies and typically only 20% of attendees would rebook for the following year. There were two key challenges – firstly, to increase the number of re-bookings and secondly, to gather useful information on other types of events that could be used for future marketing campaigns.
Solution :-
The event organiser of each company attending was sent a personalised postcard with a photo of their group at the previous year’s event.
The postcard also contained a call to action to visit a personalised URL . This led the event organiser to a unique landing page that contained two more pictures of their group at the event, details of the next year’s event, an online booking facility, plus a free gift for the organizer. There was also a survey page to gather more information about any future requirements such as team building days, corporate hospitality and marketing events.
Results :-
84% of people visited their personalised URL(uniform resource locater).
56% rebooked the event for the following year (almost treble on the previous year.
. Significantly increased database and knowledge of prospects for other types of events.
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Conclusion
Event management as an industry is in infant stage. It has long way to go. It has a bright future. This industry is growing at reasonably quick rate. This can be seen from the number of different firms that came up in this field in the past few years.
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The government can also help this industry grow tremendously. Government should impose favorable rules and regulation on this industry which would help its development. For e.g. the time limits imposed on the events conducted can be increased like for dandia raas the time given is till ten in the night , which is quite less acoording to the people who come and attend the event. This time limit can be increased so as to give justice to both the event as well as the audience.
There should also be a set standard for the events that are being conducted. All the events conducted should be of hih caliber. This will help the industry to increase the revenue that is generated from all the events that are organized.
Hence , for the industry to grow the government should bring in favorable policies, reduces taxes, develop essentials infrastructure, bring in corporate to manage the events and above all establish a forum that would help all firms in firms in their expansion.
In the near future, the companies will form a network of associations in different states in order to expand the industry so that the events can be held more professionally. For e.g. if an event management company in Mumbai has been asked to organize a show in Chennai then it is not possible for the coordinator to keep track on daily progress in Chennai, so in this case they form networks with local players to keep track and inform them. They will hire a local company or open a branch in Chennai in case the response from people is excellent. So in this way, a network is formed to organize the event in better perspective.
WEBLIOGRAPHY
WWW.SHOWBIZ.COM
WWW.GOOGLE.COM
WWW.INDIATIMES.COM
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