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Operating Systems and

Software

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Module 1 / Operating Systems and Software

The following CompTIA IT Fundamentals domain objectives and examples are covered in this module:

CompTIA IT Fundamentals Certification Domains Weighting

1.0 Software 21% 2.0 Hardware 18% 3.0 Security 21% 4.0 Networking 16% 5.0 Basic IT Literacy 24%

Refer To Domain Objectives/Examples

Unit 1.1 / Operating Systems

1.1 Compare and contrast common Operating Systems and their functions and features Types (Mobile [Apple iOS, Android, Windows Phone, Blackberry] • Workstation [Windows, Mac, Linux, Chrome OS] • Open source vs. commercial) • Software compatibility for different OS types and versions • Awareness of hardware compatibility for OS support (32-bit vs. 64-bit operating systems) • Basic functions of an operating system (Interface between user and machine, Coordination of hardware components, Provides environment for software to function, Monitors system health and functionality, Displays structure / directories for data management)

Unit 1.2 / Setting up a Workstation and Using Windows

5.1 Perform appropriate steps to set up a basic workstation Plug in cables • Power on computer • Basic cable management

5.2 Explain the basic methods of navigating an operating system Executing programs • Difference between shortcuts and files • Navigate with hot keys • Accessibility options

5.5 Describe the importance and impact of various environmental and safety concepts Ergonomic concepts (Proper keyboard and mouse placement, Sitting positions, Monitor level placement) • Follow manufacturer safety guidelines

Unit 1.3 / Installing and Configuring Windows

1.3 Given a scenario, use software management best practices Licensing (Product keys, Single / multi-license)

5.1 Perform appropriate steps to set up a basic workstation Follow initial operating system setup wizard (Localization settings) • Other user accounts (if applicable)

Delivery Tips

Use the links in the prelims section to download resources to help to setup and run this course.

Rather than attempt to cover the syllabus in objective order, the content has been divided into three main topic modules, each of which is designed to be covered in a single day's training.

The course starts with software and operating systems.

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Refer To Domain Objectives/Examples

Unit 1.4 / Software Applications

1.2 Identify common programs, applications and their purpose Types (Productivity Software [Word processing, Spreadsheet software, Email software, Basic database software, PDF viewers/creators, Presentation software, Desktop publishing software, Personal Information Manager, Remote desktop software] • Collaboration Software [Online workspace, Document storage/sharing, Screen sharing software, Video conferencing software, Instant messaging software, Email software] • Utility Software [Anti-malware, Software firewalls, Diagnostic/maintenance software, Compression software • Specialized Software [CAD, Graphic design, Medical, Scientific, Financial, Gaming, Entertainment] • Open source vs. commercial) • Platforms (Mobile • Desktop • Web-based) • Common file types (Documents [txt, rtf, doc/docx, xls/xlsx, ppt/pptx, pdf] • Audio [mp3, wav, flac, aac, m4a] • Images [jpg, gif, tiff, png, bmp] • Video [mpg, mp4, flv, wmv, avi] • Executables [exe, msi, app, bat, scexe] • Compression formats [rar, tar, zip, dmg, iso, 7zip / 7z, gzip / gz, jar])

1.3 Given a scenario, use software management best practices Install / uninstall [OS features, Applications] • Software version identification and compatibility

1.4 Identify the following alternative technologies and their purpose Virtualization (Physical machine vs. virtual machine) • Web applications • VoIP • Telepresence

5.1 Perform appropriate steps to set up a basic workstation Uninstall unneeded software (if applicable) • Install additional software (if applicable)

Unit 1.5 / Troubleshooting and Support

5.3 Given a scenario, implement basic support concepts Check for external issues (Loose cables / connections, Power, Physical damage) • Manufacturer documentation • Manufacturer websites • Technical community groups • Internet search engine • Contact technical support

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Setting up a Workstation

and Using Windows

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Module 1 / Unit 2 Setting up a Workstation and Using Windows

Objectives

On completion of this unit, you will be able to:

■ Set up a computer system with regard for safety and healthy working practices.

■ Navigate the Windows OS and use input devices effectively.

■ Use a web browser such as Internet Explorer.

Setting up a PC System

When you install a computer system, you need to consider the following:

■ Is the environment suitable for the computer? Dust, dirt, heat (or extreme cold), and damp can be very damaging to computers.

■ Is the installation safe for yourself and passers-by? The main risks associated with computer equipment are electrical and trip hazards.

■ Is the installation healthy to use? Use of computers (notably the mouse and keyboard) is associated with a number of health risks.

Setting up a Personal Computer

Given the above, you should perform the following basic steps when setting up a computer.

1) If the computer has just been delivered, check the contents of the box, read the instruction manual, and allow at least 30-60 minutes for the components to adjust to room temperature (there is a slight risk from condensation if you unpack a computer and start it immediately).

2) Read the manufacturer's setup and safety guidelines and plan the installation of the computer to comply with them.

3) Position the monitor and system unit so that cables can be tucked away neatly and do not cross any walkways. When lifting a heavy object such as a monitor, take care to protect your back. Ensure that any object placed on a desk is not at risk of toppling.

4) Ensure there is adequate air flow around the monitor, system unit, and larger peripherals (such as a printer or scanner).

Delivery Tips

This unit covers setting up workstation hardware - without going into detail about port types - and navigating Windows. Most of the references are to Windows 8, with significant differences in Windows 7 noted where applicable.

Timings

Theory & Review Questions – 45 minutes

Labs - 45 minutes

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5) Check that the screen is not exposed to excessive glare from windows or lighting and that equipment is not in direct sunlight.

6) Adjust the monitor, chair, and position of the mouse and keyboard so that the user can sit and type comfortably.

7) Connect each peripheral to the computer using an appropriate cable. Inspect each cable and connector for any sign of visible damage before plugging it in. Use any available cable management features to keep wiring tidy and ensure it does not pose a trip hazard.

Built-in cable management such as on this HP LCD display make it less likely trailing wires will

cause an accident (Image © 2011 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P)

You will learn how to identify ports and connectors in Unit 2.1 and

Unit 2.2.

8) Connect the power cables from the monitor, system unit, and any peripherals to power points, again checking that the cables are undamaged and the plugs are fitted with fuses of the correct rating. Ensure that the power points are not overloaded.

9) Switch on any peripherals connected to the computer that you want to use then switch on the system unit.

You start a computer by pressing the power switch, which will be marked by the following symbol: . If the computer does not start, check that a power cable connects the back of the computer to a wall socket and that the socket is switched on.

Setting up a Laptop

You should follow the same basic principles when using a laptop for the first time: read the instruction manual and let the system acclimatize if it has just been delivered. You will probably have to insert the battery pack, which should clip into a slot on the underside of the laptop. When you use the laptop for the first time, you will probably have to connect it to the mains using the supplied AC adapter to charge the battery.

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Obviously you can use a laptop without connecting any peripherals, unlike a desktop computer, but there may be some optional components to plug in. When you have set up the laptop as explained in the documentation, use the

catch on the lid to open it. Press the power switch and wait for the laptop to start.

Ergonomic Concepts

Ergonomics is the study of factors affecting the performance of people at work. It is well established that a poor working environment can cause certain health problems and decrease productivity.

Proper Keyboard and Mouse Placement

Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) is a complaint that occurs when the same task is carried out repeatedly for a long period, making use of the same muscles continuously. Symptoms can include muscle pain, numbness, tingling, prickly heat, and loss of strength.

RSI has been linked with the use of keyboards and mice. When you use a mouse, keep your wrist straight and rest your palm on the body of the mouse. When using a keyboard, keep your forearms parallel with the keyboard (it will help if you learn to touch-type). With both devices, avoid working with your wrists bent, do not hunch your shoulders or bend forward, and take frequent breaks (to stretch or walk around for instance).

Using a mouse and keyboard correctly

Ergonomically designed, angled keyboards and molded mice are designed to reduce the risk of strain injury. Using a mouse mat makes the action of the mouse smoother and is therefore less straining.

Sitting Position and Monitor Placement

Sitting at a desk in a poor position can cause back pain. This is especially true if you sit for a long period without getting up. To help prevent back pain, monitors should be adjustable so that they can be positioned at the correct height and chairs should provide support for the back and neck.

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You should be able to sit up straight with the top of the monitor at or slightly below eye level. You should be able to rest your feet flat on the floor comfortably and your thighs should be parallel with the floor. You should be able to hold your forearms level with the desk.

As you work, try to avoid hunching your shoulders forward and remember to take frequent breaks to stretch your arms and legs.

Position the monitor so that you can sit up straight

If you need to type a lot of text from a source document, use a copyholder to position the source text at eye-level rather than flat on the desk.

For more detailed advice, read HP's Safety & Comfort Guide at

www.hp.com/ergo.

Navigating an OS

The main function of an operating system such as Microsoft Windows is to provide a stable environment for different software applications to work together. The operating system controls access to the computer hardware; applications software can only access the computer hardware via functions of the OS. It provides tools for configuring the hardware, such as the Control Panel in Windows. The OS also provides file management tools and can include a number of utilities. For example, Windows includes a text editor (Notepad), picture editor (Paint), word processor (WordPad), calculator, games, and so on.

CompTIA IT Fundamentals is a vendor-neutral exam, so you will not be asked detailed questions on how Windows works. The practical elements in this course are to help you learn to use an operating system and use Microsoft Windows 7 and Windows 8 as examples. If you use a different version of Windows at home (or even a different operating system) you should find that many of the skills you learn are transferable (with a bit of work).

One of the first set of tasks to master is to be able to log on to Windows, start applications, and use the features of the desktop.

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Logging on to Windows

Some text or a logo may be displayed on-screen while the computer starts up ("boots"). The computer performs a Power On Self Test (POST) to check that the main components work and then loads Windows. After a minute or so, a screen prompting you to log on to the computer is displayed.

A log on means that changes you make to the desktop are saved as your own personal settings. It may also give you access to resources on a computer network. At work, you will be given a log on ID (a user name and password) by your IT Department; at home you will create user accounts for yourself and your family.

See Unit 1.3 for more details on creating accounts.

1) When Windows 8 has loaded, the Lock Screen is displayed. Press a key, click the mouse, or (if you have a touchscreen) swipe to open the log on prompt.

Windows 8 lock screen

On an enterprise network or earlier version of Windows, you may

need to press CTRL+ALT+DEL to access the log on prompt.

2) The log on prompt will display the last user account that accessed the machine. If necessary, click Switch User then the icon representing your account.

3) With your user name shown, type your password into the box.

What you type will be shown as black dots so that no one else can see your password. Note that the password is case-sensitive.

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4) Point to the arrow button then click once (or press ENTER).

Windows logon screen - enter a password or click the Switch User back arrow button to log on to a

different account (each account is represented by its own name and picture)

Windows will start and after a few seconds, the desktop is shown.

One difference between Windows 8 and 8.1 is that 8 boots to the

Start Screen rather than the desktop.

Using the Desktop and Taskbar

The desktop contains several tools to help you start and switch between software applications:

Windows 7 desktop showing 1) Shortcut icon; 2) Start button; 3) "Pinned" program (Internet

Explorer) with open windows; 4) Pinned programs with no open windows; 4) Notification Area

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■ The desktop itself contains shortcut icons used to open applications, folders, and files.

■ The taskbar is principally used to manage open windows (applications and files). It is usually positioned at the bottom of the desktop and may only appear when you point the mouse at the bottom of the screen.

If the taskbar is not locked (using Taskbar Properties), it can be

dragged to different sides of the screen and resized using the

mouse. The AutoHide property makes the taskbar disappear

unless the cursor is pointing at it.

o When you run applications, each program appears as an icon on the taskbar. You can click the icons to switch between windows. Alternatively, hold the ALT key then press TAB to cycle through the windows or on a touch-enabled screen, swipe from the left edge.

o Each icon has a shortcut menu, allowing you to close the program or access recently used documents (a feature named "Aero Jump"). Pointing at an icon shows a preview of any open windows, which you can select by clicking.

o The taskbar also contains "pinned" icons for frequently used programs such as email and web browser. Pinned items always remain on the taskbar (a program with open windows is shown with a highlight). You can add or remove or reposition pinned items by dragging and dropping.

■ The Start Screen in Windows 8 or Start Menu in earlier versions contains shortcuts to all the applications installed on the computer and also links to the main folders. It is accessed by clicking the Start button on the left-hand

side of the taskbar or by pressing the WINDOWS key .

■ The Notification Area on the right-hand side of the taskbar displays the current time and icons for programs that run without a window, such as anti-virus software, volume control, battery meter, network status, and so on. These icons have shortcut menus for enabling, disabling, and configuring the related application or setting.

Using the Start Screen

In Windows 8, the Start Screen is used to manage apps and PC settings and launch desktop software applications. Pressing the WINDOWS key or clicking the Start button activates the Start Screen at any time.

The first page of the Start Screen displays customizable tiles. Tiles can show useful information widgets, such as the weather or local news, or link to an app or program. The Desktop tile shows the traditional Windows desktop. Clicking the profile picture brings up options to lock the workstation or sign out. Clicking the power icon next to it brings up the options to power off, restart, or sleep/hibernate the machine.

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Windows 8 Start Screen

Clicking the arrow at the bottom of the Start Screen or swiping up from the bottom of the screen shows a list of apps plus Windows utilities and installed software programs.

Viewing installed apps from the Start Screen in Windows 8

Apps are installed and managed via the Windows Store. Desktop

software programs are managed via Control Panel.

Any app, program, or file can be launched from the Start Screen by typing its name and selecting the icon from the list of search results. Pressing WINDOWS+X shows a shortcut menu of commonly-used management utilities, including Control Panel, Device Manager, Computer Management, and Command Prompt. Swiping in from the right of the screen brings up the Charm Bar, which provides access to commonly used apps for configuring Windows and searching the computer.

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Using the Start Menu

The Start Menu is the primary means of executing programs in earlierversions of Windows. It lists all the applications installed on the computerwithin Program Groups, represented as submenus. The Start Menu uses a 2-column layout. The left-hand column contains "pinned" items at the top andrecently used programs at the bottom. Other shortcuts can be displayed via theAll Programs link.

The right-hand column contains links to document folders, Games, ControlPanel, Devices and Printers, and Default Programs (used to configureWindows), and Help and Support.

Windows 7 Start Menu - the left column shows recently used items or the contents of the All Programs menus and submenus

You can execute a program or open a file by typing its name in the

Search box. The Search box is enabled when you press the

WINDOWS key, so just press WINDOWS then type the name of the

application you want to run. Press ENTER to complete or choose

the icon from the list of alternatives.

The list button at the bottom of the right-hand column can be customized toperform different actions to Shut Down the computer (for example, to put thecomputer into a power-saving mode rather than switch off completely or to logoff from your user account but leave the computer running). There is also anoption to lock the computer.

To pin an item in one of the program groups, alt-click it and select

Pin to Start Menu. You can also Drag-and-Drop program shortcuts

into a program group.

You can set options for how the taskbar and Start Menu are displayed by alt-clicking the taskbar or Start button and selecting Properties.