evaluation of selenium in bison and their environment stacy sabin, kevin sedivec, chris schauer, and...
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Evaluation of Selenium in Evaluation of Selenium in Bison and Their EnvironmentBison and Their Environment
Stacy Sabin, Kevin Sedivec, Stacy Sabin, Kevin Sedivec, Chris Schauer, and Joel Chris Schauer, and Joel
CatonCatonNorth Dakota State UniversityNorth Dakota State University
Ruth Short Bull, Lisa Colombe, Ruth Short Bull, Lisa Colombe, and Linda Hugelenand Linda Hugelen
Fort Berthold Community College, Sinte Fort Berthold Community College, Sinte Gleska University, and Sitting Bull Gleska University, and Sitting Bull
CollegeCollege
Human healthHuman health Acts as an antioxidant Acts as an antioxidant
Cancer, Arthritis, Heart diseaseCancer, Arthritis, Heart disease
Immune system Immune system Controlling viral emergence and evolutionControlling viral emergence and evolution Optimize cellular and humoral immune Optimize cellular and humoral immune
processesprocesses
Toxicity and Deficiency Toxicity and Deficiency Selenosis, Keshan disease, Kaschin-Beck Selenosis, Keshan disease, Kaschin-Beck
diseasedisease
Importance of SeImportance of Se
BisonBison
Spiritual animal Spiritual animal associated with associated with Native AmericansNative Americans
Many Tribes in the Many Tribes in the Northern Great Northern Great Plains raise BisonPlains raise Bison
Importance of Bison as a Meat Importance of Bison as a Meat Source and Saleable ProductSource and Saleable Product
Bison meat is fed Bison meat is fed to Citizens on to Citizens on Tribal LandsTribal Lands
Bison meat is sold Bison meat is sold in Marketsin Markets
Bison meat is part Bison meat is part of the US Gov’t of the US Gov’t program in the program in the school lunch menu school lunch menu in Tribal schoolsin Tribal schools
Marketing High Selenium Marketing High Selenium BisonBison
An interest among An interest among Tribal Leaders and Tribal Leaders and Local Colleges to Local Colleges to Market a High Market a High Selenium Bison Selenium Bison product as a NICHE product as a NICHE marketmarket
Supplying Power of SoilSupplying Power of Soil
Se content of parent Se content of parent material material
FormForm
pHpH
Oxidation-reduction Oxidation-reduction conditionsconditions
Moisture levelMoisture level
Competitive ionsCompetitive ions
Soil textureSoil texture
Organic matterOrganic matter
Degree of aerationDegree of aeration
Accumulating Power of PlantAccumulating Power of Plant
SpeciesSpecies
Environmental factorsEnvironmental factors
Growth phaseGrowth phase
Physiological condition of plantPhysiological condition of plant
ObjectivesObjectives
Determine correlations between Se Determine correlations between Se concentration in soil, vegetation, and concentration in soil, vegetation, and bison plasma and hairbison plasma and hair
Determine Tribal lands with high Determine Tribal lands with high selenium concentrationsselenium concentrations
Study AreaStudy Area Three LocationsThree Locations
Fort BertholdFort Berthold NWND1NWND1 NWND2NWND2
Standing Rock Standing Rock SCNDSCND NCSDNCSD
RosebudRosebud SCSDSCSD
Study AreaStudy Area Ecological SitesEcological Sites
ClaypanClaypan
Loamy (Silty)Loamy (Silty)
SandySandy
ShallowShallow
Thin UplandThin Upland
Vegetation types Vegetation types
Wheatgrass-needlegrassWheatgrass-needlegrass
Wheatgrass-grama grass Wheatgrass-grama grass
Study AreaStudy Area
Materials & MethodsMaterials & Methods
VegetationVegetation Six sites per location (Block)Six sites per location (Block)
Five samples taken per siteFive samples taken per site Graminoids, forbs, and selenium indicator Graminoids, forbs, and selenium indicator
speciesspecies Collected twice; July and Sept/OctCollected twice; July and Sept/Oct
Not a second collection for SCSDNot a second collection for SCSD
Materials & MethodsMaterials & Methods
SoilsSoils Six sites per location (Block)Six sites per location (Block)
Five samples taken per siteFive samples taken per site 0 to 15 cm core and 15 to 30 cm core0 to 15 cm core and 15 to 30 cm core Collected once in JulyCollected once in July
Materials & MethodsMaterials & Methods
BloodBlood 12 mature female bison/herd12 mature female bison/herd Two 10 ml Vaccutainer® EDTA coated Two 10 ml Vaccutainer® EDTA coated
tubestubes Centrifuged, decanted plasma, stored (-Centrifuged, decanted plasma, stored (-
70º C)70º C) NWND1-Sept; NWND2-June/Sept; NCSD & NWND1-Sept; NWND2-June/Sept; NCSD &
SCND-Oct; SCSD-NA SCND-Oct; SCSD-NA
Materials & MethodsMaterials & Methods
HairHair 12 mature female bison/herd12 mature female bison/herd Clipped hair down right or left side of Clipped hair down right or left side of
the rumpthe rump Cleaned with acetone and deionized Cleaned with acetone and deionized
distilled water, then dried distilled water, then dried NWND1-Sept; NWND2-June/Sept; NCSD NWND1-Sept; NWND2-June/Sept; NCSD
& SCND-Oct; SCSD-NA& SCND-Oct; SCSD-NA
Se (total) in SoilsSe (total) in Soils
SoilsSoils Range between 0.1 and 2 ppm Range between 0.1 and 2 ppm (Swaine, 1955)(Swaine, 1955)
8 ppm East Williams County, ND 8 ppm East Williams County, ND (Byers et al., (Byers et al., 1948)1948)
0.84a
0.14b
0.02
0.07b
0.06ab
(Hintze,1999)
Se in ppm, ND
Selenium Content (soluble) by Selenium Content (soluble) by Ecological SiteEcological Site in 2003 in 2003
0 to 15 cm soil depth (ppb)0 to 15 cm soil depth (ppb)
7.47.6
8.48.6
8.7
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
Sandy Loamy Shallow Claypan Thin Upland(NS)
Selenium Content (soluble) by Selenium Content (soluble) by Ecological Site in 2003Ecological Site in 2003
15 to 30 cm soil depth (ppb)15 to 30 cm soil depth (ppb)
6.8
8.6
7.1
8.9
7.6
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
Sandy Loamy Shallow Claypan Thin Upland(NS)
Soluble Selenium Content (ppb) Soluble Selenium Content (ppb) by Soil Depth by Soil Depth (0 to 15 cm) (0 to 15 cm) in North in North
and South Dakota in 2003and South Dakota in 2003
7.6
10.3
8.6
6.6
7.5
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
NWND1 NWND2 SCND NCSD SCSD
a b ab a a
(P < 0.05)
Soluble Selenium Content (ppb) Soluble Selenium Content (ppb) by Soil Depth by Soil Depth (15 to 30 cm) (15 to 30 cm) in in North and South Dakota in North and South Dakota in
20032003
7
8.9
10.6
5.2
6.9
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
NWND1 NWND2 SCND NCSD SCSD
ab ab a b ab
(P < 0.05)
Se in Vegetation (individual Se in Vegetation (individual plants)plants)
U.S. & Canada
(Trelease & Beath, 1949)
Plant containing 50 to 500 ppm of SePlant containing > 500 ppm of Se
Se in Vegetation (Hintze Se in Vegetation (Hintze 1999)1999)
0.85a
0.40ab
0.20ab
0.48ab
0.17b
Se in ppm, ND
Main effects and Interaction of Main effects and Interaction of Se in Vegetation in 2003Se in Vegetation in 2003
Species*Eco Site*LocationSpecies*Eco Site*Location p=0.0375p=0.0375 Eco Site*LocationEco Site*Location p=0.6543p=0.6543 Species*LocationSpecies*Location p=0.1623p=0.1623 Eco SiteEco Site p=0.3826p=0.3826 LocationLocation p=0.0195p=0.0195 Plant TypesPlant Types p=0.0050p=0.0050 Sites (replication)Sites (replication) p=0.1208p=0.1208
Selenium concentration (ppm) of Selenium concentration (ppm) of Selected Plant Types (DM) in 2003Selected Plant Types (DM) in 2003
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Se (ppm)
Astragalus/Oxytropissp.Forbs
Graminoids
b
a
b
(P < 0.1)
Selenium concentration (ppm) of Selenium concentration (ppm) of Forages (DM) by Study Location in Forages (DM) by Study Location in
20032003
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Se (ppm)
Mission, SD
Fort Berthold, ND
Fort Yates, ND
Fort Yates, SD
Figure 4, ND
a
b
bc
(P < 0.1)
bc
c
Se Concentration (ppm) in Se Concentration (ppm) in Vegetation (DM) in 2004 (Sabin Vegetation (DM) in 2004 (Sabin
2004)2004)0.35
0.23
0.48
0.33
0.29
Se concentration (ppm) in Se concentration (ppm) in Vegetation (Vegetation (Hintze 1999Hintze 1999, , Sabin Sabin
20042004))
0.35
0.23
0.48
0.33
0.29
0.48
0.20
0.85
0.40 0.17
Selenium (ppm) of Bison Hair Selenium (ppm) of Bison Hair (DM) by Location in 2003(DM) by Location in 2003
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
Se (ppm)
Fort Berthold, ND
Fort Yates, ND
Fort Yates, SD
Figure 4, ND
a
b ab b
ImplicationsImplications
Correlations found between bison Correlations found between bison plasma & hair, vegetation, and soil plasma & hair, vegetation, and soil could be used to test other areas for could be used to test other areas for high selenium high selenium
If any of these areas are found to If any of these areas are found to have high selenium bison, there is have high selenium bison, there is the possibility of marketing the the possibility of marketing the product for human health benefitsproduct for human health benefits