evaluating and documenting sources tri a budiono school of computer science thesis workshop – sep...

Evaluating and Documenting Evaluating and Documenting SourcesSources

Tri A BudionoSchool of Computer Science

Thesis Workshop – SEP 2006Thesis Workshop – SEP 2006

2006 SEP Thesis Workshop 2

Agenda

Finding Sources Evaluating Sources Documenting Sources with APA style


Finding Sources


Sources to Include in the Thesis

Binus International is developing a policy regarding basic requirements of writing in the courses, including thesis:

The writing requirement for the thesis are: At least 15.000 words At least 10 books and 25 articles

The large volume of scientific literature being produced can be daunting at first. However, a number of resources are available to help you find what is relevant to your research, and most of the resources are searchable online.


Researchers and library resources

Researchers use library resources to: keep up with current thinking in the field so

they can recognize a question worth asking review what is known about a given

phenomenon so they can place new knowledge in context

locate specific information they need to successfully carry out an experiment or project


Finding Sources in Computer Science#1

Database and Indexes ACM Digital Library. New York: Association for Computing Machinery,

1947–. Applied Science and Technology Index. New York: Wilson, 1983–. EI Engineering Village 2. Hoboken: Elsevier Engineering Information,

2000–.

Web Resources ACM Portal: The Guide to Computing Literature

http://portal.acm.org/guide.cfm FOLDOC: Free Online Dictionary of Computing

http://wombat.doc.ic.ac.uk/foldoc/index.html Virtual Computer Library

http://www.utexas.edu/computer/vcl WWW Virtual Library: Computing and Computer Science

http://vlib.org/Computing EEVL: The Internet Guide to Engineering, Mathematics, and

Computing http://www.eevl.ac.uk

http://portal.acm.org/guide.cfm

http://portal.acm.org/guide.cfm

http://wombat.doc.ic.ac.uk/foldoc/index.html

http://wombat.doc.ic.ac.uk/foldoc/index.html

http://www.utexas.edu/computer/vcl

http://www.utexas.edu/computer/vcl

http://vlib.org/Computing




Finding Sources in Computer Science#2

Reference Books: Encyclopedia of Computers and Computer History. Ed.

Raúl Rojas. 2 vols. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn, 2001. Encyclopedia of Computer Science. Ed. Anthony

Ralston, Edwin D. Reilly, and David Hemmendinger. 4th ed. London: Nature, 2000.


Evaluating Sources


Source Credibility

Evaluating The Reliability of a Source Not every source is suitable for use in a formal

research paper, and the ultimate guide of what is appropriate and what is not is your supervisor.

Excellent research requires thought and care in choosing the best or most appropriate sources.

You should “test” items on your working bibliography against the following standards: Balance, objectivity Authoritativeness Timeliness, Currency Originality


Authoritativeness

Authoritativeness Some publications carry more authority

because they contain articles written only by seasoned scholars and researchers.

Can you learn something about the authors’ reputations?

Do other scholars cite them?


Balance, objectivity

Balance, objectivity Almost all publications have some type of

bias or perspective - political, religious, or cultural.

An American business magazine inevitably will have a certain perspective on Japanese business practices.

A feminist magazine such as MS. will have a definite perspective on the right-to-life movement.

Open source supporters will undermine Microsoft products


Timeliness, Currency

Timeliness, Currency This standard refers to having the most up-to-

date information. Obviously, if you are researching J2EE Frameworks, you want the most current information possible.

For some research topics, you will want to balance the newest information with older information.


Originality

Originality “Original” sources are primary sources - ones written

or published closest in time to an event, or containing the actual text of a speech, the transcript of a news conference, etc. The Gang of Four is the primary sources of Design Pattern

Secondary sources analyze, and offer commentary on, primary sources. An book on understanding OO paradigm such Budd’ OOP analyse and discuss the design pattern is secondary sources.

Whenever possible, use primary sources so that you can avoid the inherent biases of secondary sources.


Assessing online Sources Credibility

Online sources can be used, however you will still need to assess their credibility.

The following criteria for assessing online sources will help you to determine whether electronic sources are both professional and appropriate for your thesis.


Assessing online Sources Credibility

Authorship - who is the author and what are his credentials?

Publishing Body - the pb is the server on which the file is stored. The server cannot guarantee reliability of the information that is posted.

Objectivity/Knowledge - seek out other sources to see if the author has considered enough alternative views. Is there evidence to support the claims being made? Is the tone professional?

Accuracy or Verifiability - Hypertext is helpful in this area. For example, an author quoting statistics from another Internet source will often include a direct link to that source.

Currency - this refers to the history of publication and any revisions. When was the site last updated? Is the information still relevant?


Style Manuals


Four Commonly-used Style Manuals

Style Manual Discipline Published Manual

MLA English and the humanities MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 6th ed. (New York: MLA, 2003).

APA Psychology and the social sciences

Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 5th ed. (Washington: APA, 2001).

Chicago history and some humanitiesH

The Chicago Manual of Style, 15th ed. (Chicago: U of Chicago P, 2003).

CSE Biology and other sciences Scientific Style and Format: The CBE Manual for Authors, Editors, and Publishers (6th ed.,

1994),

MLA: Modern Language Association APA: APA STYLE: THE SOCIAL SCIENCES CSE: Council of Science Editors


List of Style Manuals#1

BIOLOGY (SEE CSE.) Council of Biology Editors. Scientific Style and Format: The

CBE Manual for Authors, Editors, and Publishers. 6th ed.New York: Cambridge UP, 1994.

BUSINESS American Management Association. The AMA Style Guide for

Business Writing. New York: AMACOM, 1996. CHEMISTRY

Dodd, Janet S., ed. The ACS Style Guide: A Manual forAuthors and Editors. 2nd ed. Washington: Amer. ChemicalSoc., 1997.

ENGINEERING Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. IEEE

Standards Style Manual. Rev. ed. New York: IEEE, 2005<http://standards.ieee.org/guides/style/2005Style.pdf>

ENGLISH AND THE HUMANITIES (SEE MLA.) Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research

Papers. 6th ed. New York: Mod. Lang. Assn., 2003.

http://standards.ieee.org/guides/style/2005Style.pdf



GEOLOGY Bates, Robert L., Rex Buchanan, and Marla Adkins-Heljeson,

eds. Geowriting: A Guide to Writing, Editing, and Printingin Earth Science. 5th ed. Alexandria: Amer. GeologicalInst., 1995.

GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS Garner, Diane L. The Complete Guide to Citing Government

Information Resources: A Manual for Social Science andBusiness Research. 3rd ed. Bethesda: CongressionalInformation Service, 2002.

United States Government Printing Office. Style Manual.Washington: GPO, 2000.

HISTORY (SEE CHICAGO.) The Chicago Manual of Style. 15th ed. Chicago: U of Chicago

P, 2003. JOURNALISM

Goldstein, Norm, ed. Associated Press Stylebook and Briefingon Media Law. Rev. ed. New York: Associated Press,2005.



LAW Harvard Law Review et al. The Bluebook: A Uniform System of

Citation. 17th ed. Cambridge: Harvard Law Rev. Assn.,2000.

LINGUISTICS Linguistic Society of America. “LSA Style Sheet.” Published

annually in the December issue of the LSA Bulletin. MATHEMATICS

American Mathematical Society. The AMS Author Handbook:General Instructions for Preparing Manuscripts. Rev. ed.Providence: AMS, 1996.

MEDICINE Iverson, Cheryl, et al. American Medical Association Manual of

Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors. 9th ed. Baltimore:Williams, 1998.

MUSIC Holoman, D. Kern, ed. Writing about Music: A Style Sheet

from the Editors of 19th-Century Music. Berkeley: U ofCalifornia P, 1988.



PHYSICS American Institute of Physics. Style Manual: Instructions to

Authors and Volume Editors for the Preparation of AIPBook Manuscripts. 5th ed. New York: AIP, 1995.

POLITICAL SCIENCE American Political Science Association. Style Manual for

Political Science. Rev. ed. Washington: APSA, 2001. PSYCHOLOGY AND OTHER SOCIAL SCIENCES (SEE APA.)

American Psychological Association. Publication Manual of theAmerican Psychological Association. 5th ed. Washington: APA, 2001.

SCIENCE AND TECHNICAL WRITING American National Standards Institute. American National

Standard for the Preparation of Scientific Papers forWritten or Oral Presentation. New York: ANSI, 1979.

Microsoft Corporation. Microsoft Manual of Style for TechnicalPublications. 3rd ed. Redmond: Microsoft, 2004.

Rubens, Philip, ed. Science and Technical Writing: A Manualof Style. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge, 2001.

SOCIAL WORK National Association of Social Workers. Writing for the NASW

Press: Information for Authors <http://naswpress.org/resources/tools/01-write/guidelines_toc.htm>.

http://naswpress.org/resources/tools/01-write/guidelines_toc.htm





Documenting Sources: Using APA Format

2006 SEP Thesis Workshop

Why Use APA Format?

Allows readers to cross-reference your sources easily

Provides consistent format within a discipline

Gives you credibility as a writer

Protects yourself from plagiarism


Cross-Referencing Your Sources

Cross-referencing allows readers to locate the publication information of source material.

This is of great value for researchers who may want to locate your sources for their own research projects.


Using a Consistent Format

Using a consistent format helps your reader understand your arguments and the sources they’re built on.

It also helps you keep track of your sources as you build arguments.


Establishing Credibility

The proper use of APA style shows the credibility of writers; such writers show accountability to their source material.


Avoiding Plagiarism

Proper citation of your sources in APA style can help you avoid plagiarism, which is a serious offense. It may result in anything from failure of the assignment to expulsion from school.


Where Do I Find APA Format?

Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 5th ed.

www.apastyle.org Composition textbooks English Services Manager: John

Honeyben


APA Style: Two Main Concerns

Reference Page Parenthetical Citations


Reference Page

A list of every source that you make reference to in your essay.

Provides the information necessary for a reader to locate and retrieve any sources cited in your essay.

Each retrievable source cited in the essay must appear on the reference page, and vice versa.


A Sample Reference Page


Most citations should contain the following basic information: Author’s name Title of work Publication

information

Reference Page


BookShay, J. (1994). Achilles in Vietnam: Combat trauma and the undoing of character. New York: Touchstone.

Article in a MagazineKlein, J. (1998, October 5). Dizzy days. The New Yorker, 40-45.

References: Some Examples


Web pagePoland, D. (1998, October 26). The hot button. Roughcut. Retrieved October 28, 1998 from http://www.roughcut.com



A newspaper articleTommasini, A. (1998, October 27). Master teachers whose artistry glows in private. New York Times, p. B2.

A source with no known authorCigarette sales fall 30% as California tax rises. (1999, September 14). New York Times, p. A17.



What other types of sources might you need to list on your reference page?

Study the basics of APA citation format. When something odd comes up, don’t guess. Look it up!

Reference Page


Parenthetical Citations

When quoting any words that are not your own Quoting means to repeat

another source word for word, using quotation marks


When summarizing facts and ideas from a source Summarizing means to take

ideas from a large passage of another source and condense them, using your own words

When paraphrasing a source Paraphrasing means to use

the ideas from another source but change the phrasing into your own words

Parenthetical Citations


Keys to Parenthetical Citations

Readability Keep references

brief Give only

information needed to identify the source on your reference page

Do not repeat unnecessary information


Handling Quotes in Your Text

Author’s last name, publication year, and page number(s) of quote must appear in the textCaruth (1996) states that a traumatic response frequently entails a “delayed, uncontrolled repetitive appearance of hallucinations and other intrusive phenomena” (p.11).

A traumatic response frequently entails a “delayed, uncontrolled repetitive appearance of hallucinations and other intrusive phenomena” (Caruth, 1996, p.11).


Sometimes additional information is necessary . . . More than one author with the same last name

(H. James, 1878); (W. James, 1880) Two or more works in the same parentheses

(Caruth, 1996; Fussell, 1975; Showalter, 1997) Work with six or more authors

(Smith et al, 1998) Specific part of a source

(Jones, 1995, chap. 2)

Handling Parenthetical Citations



If the source has no known author, then use an abbreviated version of the title:Full Title: “California Cigarette Tax Deters Smokers”Citation: (“California,” 1999)



A reference to a personal communication:Source: email message from C. Everett KoopCitation: (C. E. Koop, personal communication, May 16, 1998)

A general reference to a web siteSource: Purdue University web siteCitation: (http://www.purdue.edu)



Recently, the history of warfare has been significantly revised by Higonnet et al (1987), Marcus (1989), and Raitt and Tate (1997) to include women’s personal and cultural responses to battle and its resultant traumatic effects. Feminist researchers now concur that “It is no longer true to claim that women's responses to the war have been ignored” (Raitt & Tate, p. 2). Though these studies focus solely on women's experiences, they err by collectively perpetuating the masculine-centered impressions originating in Fussell (1975) and Bergonzi (1996).

However, Tylee (1990) further criticizes Fussell, arguing that his study “treated memory and culture as if they belonged to a sphere beyond the existence of individuals or the control of institutions” (p. 6).


There are many different combinations and variations within APA citation format.

If you run into something unusual, look it up!

Handling Quotes in Your Text


Exercises Credible sources? Style used? Consistent use of style?


Conclusion

Only credible sources that can be used in the thesis

Be consistent on one style manual

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