CALIFORNIA APARTMENT ASSOCIATION PRESENTS

EV-101 For Multi Unit Dwellings April 2015 Sponsored by NOVA (Workforce Investment Board) Developed By: John Kalb, EV Charging Pros Jim Helmer, LightMoves

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In this Guide:

•  Vehicles and Demand •  How Charging Works •  Local Planning Department

Considerations •  Site and Project Considerations •  Multi-unit Dwelling Considerations

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VEHICLES AND DEMAND

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The Electrification of Vehicles

Hybrid Electric (HEV)

Plug-In Hybrid Electric (PHEV)

Battery Electric (BEV)

Powered By: Gas and electric – batteries are charged by regenerative braking

Electric and gas – batteries recharged by plug-in power source

Entirely electric – Plug in power for the batteries

Motor ICE ICE & Electric All-Electric

Gas Required Yes Yes – to power battery motor for range extension

No

Electricity Required No Yes Yes

Example Prius Volt Leaf

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CA Zero Emission Vehicle Goals •  By 2015, all major cities will be “zero-

emission vehicle ready”

•  By 2020, the state will have infrastructure to support 1 million zero-emission vehicles

•  By 2025, there will be 1.5 million zero-emission vehicles on the road

•  10 others states have joined CA in a ZEV Consortium

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Steady Growth of Electric Vehicle Ownership

http://energypolicyinfo.com/2014/09/electric-vehicles-august-2014-market-snapshot/ 6

BEV’s Embraced Faster Than Hybrids

http://energypolicyinfo.com/2014/09/electric-vehicles-august-2014-market-snapshot/ 7

Why are CA buyers purchasing BEVs?

Saving money on fuel costs

38%

Increased energy

Reducing environmental

impacts 21%

Desire for newest

Performance

Supporting EV

Tech

HOV Lane Access

15%

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Incentives and Rebates Help Drive Vehicle Sales

•  Federal Rebate of up to $7,500 •  CA Vehicle Purchase Rebate up to $2,500 •  Utility rebates being considered by PUC •  San Jose purchase/lease gets free public parking •  San Francisco offers free charging in all SFMTA

parking lots (including SFO) •  BEVs get access to CA HOV lanes with solo driver •  PG&E single-family electric rates lowered for EV

owners (EV-A or EV-B)

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EV Rebates and Density in the Bay Area

Source: http://energycenter.org/clean-vehicle-rebate-project/cvrp-rebate-map 10

EV’s Require Charging at Home and Workplace

94%--single detached 6%-- MUD

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Multi-Unit Benefits •  Revenue Potential

–  Based on selling energy, the difference between buying energy at .17cents per kWh and reselling it at .49 cents per kWh

•  Market Differentiation –  Attract new tenants who are seeking apartments that provide

charging infrastructure –  Retain existing tenants that want to purchase and charge new

electric vehicles •  Environmental Curb Appeal

–  Drive by recognition of green and sustainable commitment •  LEED Points

–  Up to 3 LEED points available for EV charging projects

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EV Charging Leads Into Future Benefits

•  Lighting retrofits may provide energy for charging programs

•  Emerging integration of solar programs, energy storage platforms and EV charging

•  New service models from vendors may reduce administration of charging programs

•  State funding sources for EV infrastructure enhancements becoming available

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HOW CHARGING WORKS

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A Battery Is Not A Gas Tank

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Three Factors In Charging The Availability of Power

Level 1, 120V 2.4 KW, dedicated 10-20 amp Level 2, 240V 7.2 KW dedicated 40 amps

DC Fast Charging 480 KW dedicated

The Rating of the In-car Charger 3.3 kWh to 6.6 kWh

The Size of the EV Battery Prius Plug-In-Hybrid 4.4 kWh Chevy Volt 16 kWh Nissan Leaf 24 kWh BMW ActiveE 18.8 kWh Tesla 85 kWh 16

Electrical Requirements For Charging

Charge Method

Think

Plug Standard

Voltage

Maximum Current

Circuit Breaker

AC Level 1 120 V ac, one phase

12A 15A minimum

AC Level 2 208 to 240 V ac, one phase

32A 40A

DC Charging

Direct connect

60V dc maximum

400A maximum

As required

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Charge Where You Are

L1 Wall Outlets 5 miles per hour

L2 Charging Stations 20 miles per hour

DC Fast Charging 40 miles in 20 minutes

30 mins. to grab a bite 10 miles at L2 or 60 miles at DCFC

1 hr. grocery shopping 20 miles at L2

2 hrs. between meetings 40 miles at L2

3 hrs. at a ballgame 60 miles at L2

8 hrs. overnight 40+ miles at L1

Average Charging Rate For an EV with 6.6 KW on-board charger

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Worldwide L1 and L2 Plug

Portable Cord-Set-L1 Standard L1-L2 Inlet

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Over 80 vendors provide Electric Vehicle Service Equipment (EVSE) that can be

installed on walls, bollards, overhead, etc.

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Contractors Use National Electrical Code 625

•  Everything external to the car that is required to charge the vehicle –  625.1 – Covers the electrical conductors and equipment external to an electric vehicle that

connect an electric vehicle to a supply of electricity and the installation of equipment and devices related to electric vehicle charging.

•  EVSE is considered “continuous load” and Automatic Load Management Possible

–  624.14 Electric vehicle charging loads shall be considered to be continuous loads. Where an automatic load management system is used, the maximum electric vehicle supply equipment load on a service or feeder shall be the maximum load permitted by the automatic load management system.

•  Must provide electrical capacity for 125% of EVSE rating –  625. 40 Overcurrent protection for feeders and branch circuits supplying electric vehicle

supply equipment shall be sized for continuous duty and shall have a rating of not less than 125 percent of the maximum load of the electric vehicle supply equipment. Where non-continuous loads are supplied from the same feeder or branch circuit, the overcurrent device shall have a rating of not less than the sum of the non-continuous loads plus 125 percent of the continuous loads

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Charging Stations Enable A New Business Model

•  Access control –  RFID or key codes

•  Flexible pricing models –  Free as an amenity –  By kWh (.49) –  By hour/session ($2 per) –  Monthly fee ($50)

•  Cellular Communications and advanced diagnostics •  Vendors handle billing and transaction transaction processing, •  Networks software provides reports, administration etc. •  Vendors embracing new services •  Future includes load management and smart grid compatible

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Charging Station Network Service Models

Service Type Turnkey Owner Operator

Network Service Provider Subscription Services

What The company owns and operates the EVSE for a variety of clients/sites

The company offers integrated EVSE and network for clients and companies to operate

The company offers tiers of services from company controlled EVSE to PEV Owners

Who Car Charging, NRG ChargePoint, GE, Eaton, Schneider

NRG, CarCharging Evercharge, Powertree, ChargePoint

Fees Fees to drivers, minimal revenue to site hosts

Yearly software fees($0-$260 Vendor Service Fee = % of transaction

Driver pays for charger like a cable box Driver pays additional charges for energy

Site Host Responsibilities

Nothing except turn over spaces, revenue covers energy

Sets policy, pricing, manages stations, administrates site software

Does nothing except turn over spaces, revenue covers energy plus small %

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Apartment Charging and Vehicle Range Scenario

•  Buyer purchases Nissan Leaf with a 24kWh battery

•  The apartment owner installs a 120V-15amp outlet for the Leaf owner (delivers 1.4kW per hour)

•  The Leaf gets 4 miles of range for each kWh (4mi/kWh x 24kWh = 96 miles on a full charge)

•  The Leaf owner drives 40 miles per day (10kWh/day, or 300kWh/month)

•  It takes about 7 hours each night to recharge the battery to full

•  Cost of the electricity to the property is $45.00 for 300kWh/month (off-peak is $0.15/kWh)

•  The property and Leaf owner agree to $100.00/month for use of parking space and charger

•  The cost to drive 1,200 miles per month was about $200 in her old car (25 mpg /gas at $4.00)

•  Driver saving $100/month in fuel and the property gets revenue $55.00 above utility cost

•  If the cost is $750.00 to make the improvements, the ROI would be about 14 months

•  The property owner also may be able to qualify for energy tax credit for the improvements

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LOCAL PLANNING DEPARTMENT CONSIDERATIONS

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What Needs To Be Installed •  What % of the parking spaces must have

electrical capacity to support EVSE?

•  What % of the parking spaces are required to be pre-wired?

•  What % of the locations have an EVSE? •  Does the first charging location have to be

ADA accessible?

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California Title 24-CalGreen Minimum Requirements for New MUDs

(Section 4.106.4.2

Total # Residential Units

# of EVCS Capable Parking

Spaces >16 3% minimum <17 1 minimum

* EVCS spaces to be identified on construction documents, but not constructed until chargers installed

(Local jurisdictions have the authority to exceed minimums)

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Bay Area Planning Department Requirements For New Multifamily Constriction Projects

Jurisdiction Common Residential Parking Area

Mountain View There are no specific requirements or policies, but staff routinely negotiates with developers for commitments to EV charging stations and/or pre-wiring (particularly for larger projects.

Palo Alto

•  One charging outlet or one actual charger for each new MUD housing unit. •  Install outlets, chargers or circuitry to enable future outlet installation for at least 25 percent of

guest parking spots.

Emeryville At least 3% of all parking spaces must have charging stations (multifamily facilities with 17 spaces or more)

San Francisco For apartment complexes having more than 16 units and commercial projects, capacity and pre-wiring requirements for electrical panels and conduit will apply to 3% of the parking spaces.

Santa Clara County Pre-wiring and panel capacity required for 3% of spaces, but not less than one space More than 100 spaces: L2 charging stations would be required for at least 1% of the total parking

Sunnyvale At least 12.5% of all spaces in residential shared parking facilities must have EV-ready design for Level 2 chargers.

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AB 2565 •  Signed by Governor Brown September 2014

•  Goes into effect on July 1, 2015

•  Impact of bill is on existing buildings, not new developments

•  Intent of bill is to empower tenants to install charging as long as they meet building polices and pay for installation, charger, energy and carry insurance

•  Property owners must have procedures to support deployment of chargers if requested in writing

•  For the text of the Law:

•  http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140AB2565

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SITE AND PROJECT CONSIDERATIONS

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Typical Multi-Unit Environments

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Project Considerations

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Typical Project Process

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Power Availability Requires Detective Work and a Load Assessment

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Selecting Spots Requires Multiple Considerations

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California EV Sign Standards (variations allowed for private facilities)

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Project Pricing

Charger Type Charger Hardware Cost

Installation Cost (From Panel to Site)

Estimated Total Cost

AC Level 1 1+ K - 120 VAC

$500-$1,000 $250-$1,000 $750-$2,000

AC Level 2 3.3+ kw - 240VAC

$700-$7,500 $3,000 - $5,000 $5,000 - $12,500

DC Fast 50+ kW - 100-600VDC

$15,000 - $50,000 $20,000 - $50,000 $35,000 - $100,000

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MULTI-UNIT DWELLINGS CONSIDERATIONS

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Multi-Unit Thinking • Do We Need This?

–  Proof of EVSE Influence Behavior –  Current vs. Projected Demand –  Do We Have Our Procedures in Place?

•  Parking Issues –  Deeded and Common Area Parking –  Sharing and Parking Patrol

•  Business Issues –  Do We Want to Tie Into House Meter? –  Do We Have Electric Panel Capacity? –  Insurance & Liabilities (CA AB 2565) –  Cost vs. Other Capital Projects –  Must Be Sold to Corporate

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Major Commercial Property Lessons Learned

•  Market differentiation for the next few years –  Now is the time to reap benefits –  Be prepared for your tenant demand

•  Parking lots weren't designed for spare power –  Site-specific, no assumptions on a "typical" installation (LED parking lot

light conversions could save panel capacity)

•  The "best" space is not always a "cheap" space –  Deciding on the right parking area is a skill

•  Plan big, start small –  Plan for expansion of your EV Chargers

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Additional Resources •  AB2565 – EV Charging at Apartments •  SB 880 – EV Charging at Home Owners Associations (HOA's)

•  CA Zero Emission Vehicle Guidelines http://opr.ca.gov/docs/ •  Plug-In Electric Vehicle Collaborative Charging Infrastructure at Multi-unit

Dwellings

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