european union 4 turkey

8/2/2019 European Union 4 Turkey

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Turkey-EU relationships

By

Muhammet Batuhan akar

Hakan Akay

Hakan Vens TrkoluHarun Can ankal

30.11.2011
http://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062857/K=Istanbul/v=2/SID=e/TID=I015_81/l=II/R=4/SS=i/OID=26a510b680299d94/SIG=1gvan22k1/*-http%3A//images.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view?back=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.search.yahoo.com%2Fsearch%2Fimages%3Fp%3DIstanbul%26ei%3DUTF-8%26fr%3DFP-tab-img-t%26fl%3D0%26x%3Dwrt&h=480&w=558&imgcurl=www.islamnet.it%2Farte%2Fpaesaggi%2Fimages%2Fistanbul.jpg&imgurl=www.islamnet.it%2Farte%2Fpaesaggi%2Fimages%2Fistanbul.jpg&size=230.5kB&name=istanbul.jpg&rcurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.islamnet.it%2Farte%2Fpaesaggi%2Fpages%2Fistanbul.htm&rurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.islamnet.it%2Farte%2Fpaesaggi%2Fpages%2Fistanbul.htm&p=Istanbul&type=jpeg&no=4&tt=273,099


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What is the EU ?

A family of 27 European countries

Shared values: liberty, democracy, respect for

human rights and fundamental freedoms, and

the rule of law.

Largest economic body in the world.

Worlds most successful model for advancing

peace and democracy.


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What is the EU ? A unique institution Member States voluntarily

cede national sovereignty in many areas to carry

out common policies and governance.

Not a super-state to replace existing states, nor

just an organization for international

cooperation.

Worlds most open market for goods and

commodities from developing countries.


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The Origins The old dream of European

brotherhood

From enemies to Family

From war to peace


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Agriculture CAP Common AgriculturalPolicy

Sustainablility

Food Quality Animal Welfare

Food Safety

Control

Farmers welfare/incomes

Employment in agriculture


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Fisheries CFP Common Fisheries Policy

Conservation of fish stocks

Aid to fishing industry to cope with changing

circumstances Monitor supply and demand for fish

Negotiate with non-EU members on fishingissues


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Social Cohesion Created in 1957, the ESF

is the European Unions

main tool for thedevelopment of humanresources and the

improvementof theworkings of the labourmarket.


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Social Cohesion The ESF, like all

Structural Funds, is

decentralised in theMember States who areresponsible for its

implementation anduse.


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Requirements for Joining to EU

Determined by Copenhagen Criteria

-Democracy - Rule of Law


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Turkey

1. Area: 780,580 km2

2. Boundaries Total: 2,648 km

Border countries: Armenia 268 km, Azerbaijan 9 km, Bulgaria240 km, Georgia 252 km, Greece 206 km, Iran 499 km, Iraq 352km, Syria 822 km

3. Coastline: 7200 km

4. Climate: Temperate; hot, dry summers with mild, wet winters; harsher in

interior.


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I. Geography


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II. Republic of Turkey and its Demography

Official Name: Republic of Turkey

Capital: Ankara

Government Type: Republican Parliamentary Democracy

Independence: 29 October 1923

Flag:


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Population

73.722.988

Population Growth Rate

1,13 %

0-14 15-64 65+

26%6 %

66 %

Age Breakdown


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Ethnic Groups Turkish: % 84

Kurdish: % 14

Arabic: % 1

Jewish: % 1

Greek: % 0,5

Religions Muslim: % 99,8

Others (mostlyChristians and Jews):%0,2


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Advantages for Turkey

Economical

Gross national product and exportingincrease

Enflation and unemployment decrease

Protect person, service, property and capital


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Socia-Cultural

Ethnocentrism decline

Fair legal system Going abroad easily for:

- Travel

- Study- Work


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Education and Science

Taking education in other countries

Easily information transfer Develop scientific research program


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Disadvantages for Turkey

Cultural Assimilation

Losing own culture:

- customs and tradition- cuisine culture

Language assimilation


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Disadvantages for Turkey

Brain DrainBRAIN DRAIN


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Relations Between Turkey and the

European Union

Turkey EU association relations date back to the signingof the Ankara Agreement in 1963.

The main aim of these relations has always been Turkeyseventual full membership to the EU. One of the most important turning points of Turkey EU

relations is the completion of the Customs Union as ofJanuary 1, 1996.

Customs Union, not only helped Turkey to harmonize withthe EU norms in the areas covered by this relationship, butalso brought a new impetus to these relations with an evenstronger perspective for membership.


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Clearly nothing new

Feb. 1952: Turkey becomes a full member of NATO

Sept. 1959: Ankara applies for associate membershipof the European Economic Community

July 1974: Turkey invades Cyprus.

April 1987: Turkey applies for full EEC membership.


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Dec. 1999: EU Helsinki Council decides on the candidate status ofTurkey.

March 2001: The Turkish government adopts the National Program ofTurkey for the adoption of EU laws.

17 Dec. 2004: European Council decided to open accessionnegotiations with Turkey on 3 October 2005

3 Oct. 2005: Accession talks symbolically opened with Turkey.

23 Jan. 2006: Council decides on the principles, priorities and

conditions contained in the Accession Partnership.

12 June 2006: The EU starts concrete accession negotiations withTurkey


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9 Nov. 2006: The Commission recommended topartially suspend membership negotiations withTurkey due to lack of progress on the Cyprus issue.

22 July 2007: Erdogan's ruling AKP gets re-electedwith 47%

6 Nov. : The Commission recommended not to beginfurther negotiations on matters of justice and basicrights as long as Turkish criminal law is not reformed.

The negotiation process is said to be open-ended.Negotiations are expected to take at least 10-15 years.


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Economy of Turkey

1. GDP:$1.116 billion

2. GDP per capital$15.340

3. GDP growth rate%9

4. Population below poverty line17.11%

5. Unemployment rate12 %

6. CurrencyTurkish Lira: [TL]

7. Exchange Rates1 $ = 1,1,81 TL 1 = 2,45 TL


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VI. Economy

8. Budget

Revenues: 66.79 billion

Expenditures: 93.31 billion

9. Industries:

textiles, food processing, autos, mining (coal, chromite, copper,boron), steel, petroleum, construction, lumber, paper

10. Industrial Production Growth Rate:

13.1 %


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VI. Economy

Exports / Imports

1. Exports $143.93 billion

2. Export Commodities Apparel, foodstuffs, textiles, metal manufactures, transport equipment

3. Export Partners Germany 9.6%, France 6.1% UK 5.8%, Italy 5.8%,Iraq 5%,

4. Imports $235.49 billion

5. Import Commodities Machinery, chemicals, semi-finished goods, fuels, transport equipment

6. Import Partners Russia 14%,Germany 10%,China 9%, US 6.1%, Italy 5.4%,France 5%


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Some basic facts of the Turkish Economy

Turkish real GDP growth

annual per centage rates

6.78

-5.65

6.09

5.22

9.30

8.39

6.90

4.68

0.89

-6.5

3.4

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


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Inflation

Turkish inflation

annual per centage rates

54.92 54.40

44.96

21.60

8.60 8.189.60 8.76

10.44

6.25 6.7

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


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Exchange rate

Exchange rate

Turkish lira per US dollar

0.67

1.45

1.66

1.40 1.35 1.35 1.42

1.17

1.541.50 1.49

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

1.60

1.80

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


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Fiscal deficit

Turkish public fiscal deficit

per centage share of GDP

-7.71

-11.89-11.44

-8.84

-5.42

-1.25

-0.61

-1.63 -1.80

-6.61

-5.15

-14

-12

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


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Interest rates

Turkish interest rates

47.16

74.70

50.49

37.68

24.26

20.40 21.6522.56 22.91

17.6014.32

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

short-run long-run


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VI. Economy

FDI in Turkey Turkey is the 15th most attractive destination for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the

world (UNCTAD World Investment Prospects Survey, 2008-2010).


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VI. Economy

Number of Companies with International Capital

As of the end of 2010, more than 25,800 companies with foreign capital wereoperating in Turkey. Two-thirds of them were established in the last seven years.

Number of Companies with International Capital

(Cumulative, in thousands)


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Customs Union: What trade figures

show

Turkeys imports from

the EU15 199516.8 million $

199623.1 million $

200026.6 million $ 200545.3 million $

Turkeys exports to the

EU15 199511.1 million $

199611.5 million $

200014,5 million $ 200535.8 million $


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Customs Union: What trade figures do not

show

Customs Union contributed to the modernization ofproduction patterns and increased consumer awareness.

Customs Union formed the framework for the works toincrease competitiveness both internally andinternationally.

Turkish industry entered into a strong competition withEU firms not only at European level but in domestic

markets. The legal and regulatory changes made to harmonize with

the EU technical legislation and standards helped Turkishproducts to reach international markets more easily.


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Customs Union: What trade figures do not

show

The Customs Union is established with the

aim of Turkeys EU membership The whole body of the modalities of the CU

system has been drawn with this aim.

For this reason, the CU between Turkey andthe EU contains a deep and comprisingunderstanding of integration.


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The EU and Turkey

AN ANALYSIS IN MEDIAAND WESTERN VALUES


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Giscard dEstaing

suggested that admitting Turkey to the EU

would be the end of the European Unionbecauseits capital is not in Europe and 95

percent of its population live outside

Europe. It is not a European country.

A number of different ways of looking at both the


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A number of different ways of looking at both theEU and Turkey began to populate mediadiscourse

EU as a:

Christian club

political and economic union

democratic union

Turkey as a:

Muslim country

Secular and democratic country In Asia

If the EU was a union of European countries, how could itadmit a country that was neither in Europe geographically

nor European culturally?


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But what then is Europe?

The meaning of Europe has shiftedconsiderably over the last 500 years ormore and has never been fixed.

What and whereis Europe? andWhat does it mean to be a

European?become more than simplyidle enquiries.

Define and characterize Europe


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Define and characterize Europe

Problems:

Different meanings that Europe has for differentmembers of the EU

Different countries have different histories andexperiencesthat can lead to widely differingperspectives.

In anage where individuals can have multiple local,regional and national identities, it may be difficult for

there to be a single overarching European identity.

Role of media.


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A loss of coherence?

Though Turks may have succeeded inestablishingtheir credentials as a westernized anda modernized society. . . AmongEuropeans,however, there has remained the sense that Turkeyis not authentically of the West; the sense that it is

alien, an outsider, an interloper in the Europeancommunity(1)

A desire to belong

A recurring drama (AKP, Adultery Law) (2)

1. Robins, K. (1996) Interrupting Identities: Turkey/Europe, pp. 6186 inS. Hall

and P. du Gay (eds) Questions of Cultural Identity. London: Sage.

2. Christensen, C. (2005) Pocketbooks or Prayer Beads? US/UK Newspaper Coverage of the 2002 Turkish Elections, Press/Politics10(1): 109-29.

M di l i i 4 t i i


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Media analysis in 4 countries in

2004 France:

Liberation,Le Figaroand Le Monde Britain:

The Guardian,The DailyTelegraph and Daily Mail Greece:

Eleftherotypia, Kathimeriniand and Ta Nea

Turkey: Hurriyet,Zaman and Radikal

Media analysis in 4 countries in 2004.


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Media analysis in 4 countries in 2004.What does Europe think?

France: Liberation, Le Figaro and Le Monde

Britain: The Guardian, The Daily Telegraph and Daily Mail

Greece: Eleftherotypia, Kathimeriniand and Ta Nea

Turkey: Hurriyet, Zaman and Radikal


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This is basicallythe strongest reason


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D hi h EU l k d


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Does this mean that a common EU outlook does notexist or that itcannot exist? Does this signify that a

European public sphere is unlikelyto emerge or that acommon European identity is never likely to be forged? facts point away from European

commoness

some basic understandingsandrecognitions might begin to emerge.

3. Delanty, G. (2005) What Does it Mean to be a European?, Innovations: Interdisciplinary Centre for Comparative

Research in the Social Sciences 18: 11-22.

4. Bruter, M. (2005) Citizens of Europe?Basingstoke: Palgrave.


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Even the discussion on Turkeys bid to jointhe EU can be seen as a positive steptowards defining the nature of Europe and

its future trajectory and,

the importance of difference in this 21stcentury.


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EU accession

The earliest date that Turkey could enter the EU is2013, the date when the next financial perspectives(the EU's six year budgetary perspectives) will come

into force. Ankara is currently aiming to comply with EU law by

this date, but Brussels has refused to back 2013 as adeadline

In 2006 European Commission President Jos ManuelBarroso said that the accession process will take atleast until 2021.

Question: What is the current assessment of you?


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Pros Proponents of Turkey's membership argue that it is a

key regional power with a large economy and thesecond largest military force of NATO.

That might enhance the EU's position as a globalgeostrategic player; given Turkey's geographiclocation and economic, political, cultural and historicties in regions with large natural resources that are at

the immediate vicinity of the EU's geopolitical sphereof influence; such as the East Mediterranean andBlack Sea coasts, the Middle East, the Caspian Seabasin and Central Asia.

Question: What is your view on these considerations?


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Cons Censorship and Article 301

Women rights

Treatment of ethnic minorities (Kurds, etc.)

Unsolved conflicts with Greece over Cyprus

Azerbaijan issue

Question: What is your view on these considerations?


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Cons Upon joining the EU, Turkey's 71 million inhabitants

would bestow the second largest number of Memberof the European Parliament.

Demographic projections indicate that Turkey wouldsurpass Germany in the number of seats by 2020.

This would change the nature of the EUfundamentally, i.e. in religion Christian-Islamic-Mix

and culturally with regard to values. Question: What is your view on these considerations?


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Vanishing enthusiasm in Turkey:

The opening of membership talks with the EU in

December 2004 was celebrated by Turkey with muchfanfare, but the Turkish populace has becomeincreasingly skeptical as negotiations are delayed basedon what it views as lukewarm support for its accession tothe EU and alleged double standards in its negotiationsparticularly with regard to the French and Austrianreferendums.

A mid-2006 Eurobarometer survey revealed that 43% ofTurkish citizens view the EU positively; just 35% trust the

EU, 45% support enlargement and just 29% support anEU constitution.


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European Union is not

only one way for Turkey


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THANKS

FOR

YOUR

ATTENTION

european union 4 turkey

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