EUROPEAN RENAISSANCE AND REFORMATION

Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance

VOCAB HUMANISM SECULAR PATRON PERSPECTIVE VERNACULAR

ITALY’S ADVANTAGES Setting the stage: Late middle ages

Europe was plagued with war and disease; those who survived wanted to celebrate life.

People began to question the Church Wanted to celebrate the human spirit

and focus on the individual

ITALY’S ADVANTAGES Renaissance: rebirth (1300-1600)

period of creativity in art, writing, and thought

Italy was the birthplace of the Renaissance for 3 reasons 1) thriving cities 2) wealthy merchant class 3) classical heritage of Greece and Rome

CLASSICAL AND WORLDLY VALUES Classics lead to Humanism:

Study of classical text lead to humanism; Intellectual movement focused on human

potential and achievements Humanists studied classic Greek values

and brought back the study of subjects like history, literature, and philosophy.

Subjects known as humanities.

CLASSICAL AND WORLDLY VALUES Worldly Pleasures:

During the Middle Ages people showed devotion to God by wearing rough clothing and eating plain foods

Renaissance thought people could enjoy life and still serve God

Material luxuries such as expensive clothing, good music, and fine foods.

Spirit of Renaissance was secular- worldly not spiritual.

Church official spent large amounts of money to beautify Rome with art

CLASSICAL AND WORLDLY VALUES The Renaissance Man:

Man who excelled in many fields The Courtier (1528) was a book that

outlined how to become a Renaissance Man:

Ren. Man should be: charming, witty, well educated in the classics, dance, sing, play music, write poetry, be a skilled rider, wrestler, and swordsman.

RENAISSANCE REVOLUTIONIZES ART Renaissance Artists use perspective

to show 3 dimensions on flat surface. Paint with a realistic style, copied from

ancient Greeks.

RENAISSANCE REVOLUTIONIZES ART Leonardo Da Vinci:

True Ren. Man Brilliant inventor;

curious about everything in his world

Produced some of the most recognized paintings in history, the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper.

RENAISSANCE LITERATURE Vernacular:

Writing in authors native language instead of Latin

Followed example of the Italian author Dante author of ___________?

Subjects: Most Ren writers focused on self-

expression or attempt to portray the individuality of their subjects.

MACHIAVELLI AND “THE PRINCE”

The Prince: (1513) Examines the

imperfect conduct of humans

Outlines how a ruler can gain power and keep it in the face of enemies

Better for a prince to be cunning and lie when necessary to his people for the good of the state…

EXCERPT FROM “THE PRINCE” (1513) “From this arises the question whether

it is better to be loved more than feared, or feared more than loved. The reply is that one ought to be both feared and loved, but it is difficult for the two to go together, it is much safer to be feared than loved....”

- Niccolo Machiavelli

Da Vinci: “ The Mona Lisa” -1519

Da Vinci: “ The Last Supper” - 1499

Michelangelo: “David” - 1504

Michelangelo: “Creation of Adam”

Raphael: “Marriage of the Virgin” - 1504

Raphael: “School of Athens” – 1508