european cultures. european society for centuries, the roman empire controlled much of europe with...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: EUROPEAN CULTURES. EUROPEAN SOCIETY For centuries, the Roman Empire controlled much of Europe with stable social and political order. –Fall of the Roman](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649f285503460f94c4008b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
EUROPEAN CULTURES
![Page 2: EUROPEAN CULTURES. EUROPEAN SOCIETY For centuries, the Roman Empire controlled much of Europe with stable social and political order. –Fall of the Roman](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649f285503460f94c4008b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
EUROPEAN SOCIETY
• For centuries, the Roman Empire controlled much of Europe with stable social and political order.– Fall of the Roman Empire
isolated Western Europe from the rest of the world.
– Trade declined– Cities, bridges, roads, law
and order, and money all fell into despair.
– Life for most people did not extend past where they were born, lived, and died.
Middle Ages
![Page 3: EUROPEAN CULTURES. EUROPEAN SOCIETY For centuries, the Roman Empire controlled much of Europe with stable social and political order. –Fall of the Roman](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649f285503460f94c4008b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• The Crusades– Pope Urban II– Worried about the Holy Land, the birthplace of
Christianity, being controlled by Muslims– Launched a series of “holy wars” to regain the
Holy Land– The Crusades pulled Western Europe out of a
period of Isolation and despair. – It reformed European Society, and
encouraged them to start exploring the world around them.
![Page 4: EUROPEAN CULTURES. EUROPEAN SOCIETY For centuries, the Roman Empire controlled much of Europe with stable social and political order. –Fall of the Roman](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649f285503460f94c4008b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
FEUDALISM• Political system
• The King gave estates to nobles in exchange for their loyalty and military support.
• The lack of a strong central government however, often led to warfare.
• Most nobles built castles for defense.
![Page 5: EUROPEAN CULTURES. EUROPEAN SOCIETY For centuries, the Roman Empire controlled much of Europe with stable social and political order. –Fall of the Roman](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649f285503460f94c4008b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
MANORIALISM• The economic ties
between nobles and peasants is called manorialism.
• In exchange for protection, peasants provided various services for the feudal lord on his manor, or estate.
• Most peasants were serfs who could not leave the manor without permission.
![Page 6: EUROPEAN CULTURES. EUROPEAN SOCIETY For centuries, the Roman Empire controlled much of Europe with stable social and political order. –Fall of the Roman](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649f285503460f94c4008b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• An Improving Economy– New agricultural
inventions– Food surplus– Plow and horse collar– Revived trade in
Europe and encouraged the growth of towns
![Page 7: EUROPEAN CULTURES. EUROPEAN SOCIETY For centuries, the Roman Empire controlled much of Europe with stable social and political order. –Fall of the Roman](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649f285503460f94c4008b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
• After the fall of Rome, the Church provided stability and order in Europe.
• People who disobeyed the Church laws faced excommunication.– Excommunication barred people from
practicing church rites.
![Page 8: EUROPEAN CULTURES. EUROPEAN SOCIETY For centuries, the Roman Empire controlled much of Europe with stable social and political order. –Fall of the Roman](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649f285503460f94c4008b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
EXPANDING HORIZONS• The Crusades helped change western European
society by bringing Europeans into contact with Muslim and Byzantine civilizations of Eastern Europe and the Middle East.
• Trade increased between western Europe, eastern Mediterranean area, and the Middle East.– This heightened demand at home for Eastern luxury
goods, like spices, sugars, melons, tapestries, silk, and other items.
– (Asia) Chinese and Indian merchants—Arab merchants (moved goods)--Italian merchants
– Common medium of exchange (gold coins): increased demand for gold from Africa to make gold coins.
![Page 9: EUROPEAN CULTURES. EUROPEAN SOCIETY For centuries, the Roman Empire controlled much of Europe with stable social and political order. –Fall of the Roman](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649f285503460f94c4008b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• Mongol Empire who controlled China– Broke down trade barriers– Opened borders– Secured roads– This encouraged more trade between all parts
of Asia and Europe.
• 1300’s the Mongol Empire collapsed and trade became increasingly difficult.– The flow of goods decreased– Prices on spices increased
• Europeans began to look for a way to reach Asia by sea.
![Page 10: EUROPEAN CULTURES. EUROPEAN SOCIETY For centuries, the Roman Empire controlled much of Europe with stable social and political order. –Fall of the Roman](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649f285503460f94c4008b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
NEW STATES, NEW
TECHNOLOGY
• Beginning in the 1300’s, a number of changes enabled Europeans to send ships into the Atlantic looking for a water route to China.– Crusades and trade with
Asia weakened feudalism.– New towns and merchants
gave monarchs a new source of wealth to tax
– Armed forces protected trade routes
– Monarchs relied less on nobility and created strong central governments.
![Page 11: EUROPEAN CULTURES. EUROPEAN SOCIETY For centuries, the Roman Empire controlled much of Europe with stable social and political order. –Fall of the Roman](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649f285503460f94c4008b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
• By the mid-1400’s, Portugal, Spain, England, and France emerged as powerful states in western Europe.
• The Renaissance– An intellectual
revolution– Produced great
works of art and started a scientific revolution.
![Page 12: EUROPEAN CULTURES. EUROPEAN SOCIETY For centuries, the Roman Empire controlled much of Europe with stable social and political order. –Fall of the Roman](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649f285503460f94c4008b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
• Europeans acquired new technologies to make long distance travel across the ocean possible.– Astrolabe: a device that uses the positions of
the sun to determine direction, latitude, and local time.
– From Arab traders, they acquired the compass and lateen sails, which made it possible to sail against the wind.
– The Portuguese invented the caravel, a ship that was easier to steer and that made travel much faster.
![Page 13: EUROPEAN CULTURES. EUROPEAN SOCIETY For centuries, the Roman Empire controlled much of Europe with stable social and political order. –Fall of the Roman](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649f285503460f94c4008b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
PORTUGUESE EXPLORATION
• Prince Henry the Navigator set up a center for astronomical and geographical studies in Portugal.
• Bartolomeu Dias, reached the southern tip of Africa.
• Vasco da Gama rounded the southern tip of Africa, across the Indian Ocean, and landed in India.– Found a water route to Asia