European architecturehum2461

14th, 15th and 16th

centuriesInstructor: Ericka Ghersi

Events

1403: The settlement of the Canary Islands signals the beginning of the Spanish Empire.

1415: Henry the Navigator leads the conquest of Ceuta from the Moors marking the beginning of the Portuguese Empire.

1429: Joan of Arc ends the Siege of Orléans and turns the tide of the Hundred Years' War.

Events

1438: Pachacuti found the Inca Empire.

1440–1469: Under Moctezuma I, the Aztecs become the dominant power in Mesoamerica.

1450s: Machu Picchu constructed.

Events

1453: The Battle of Castillon is the last engagement of the Hundred Years' War and the first battle in European history where cannons were a major factor in deciding the battle.

1469: The marriage of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile leads to the unification of Spain.

1481: Spanish Inquisition begins in practice with the first auto-da-fé.

Events

1492: Boabdil's surrender of Granada marks the end of the Spanish Reconquista and Al-Andalus.

1492: Jews expelled from Spain.

1494: Spain and Portugal sign the Treaty of Tordesillas and agree to divide the World outside of Europe between themselves.

Architecture

FRENCH ARCHITECTURE

(14th, 15th, and 16th centuries)

Best expression of 14th century:

NOTRE DAME DE PARIS (1163-1323) Medieval architecture

Best expression of 16th century:

CHARTRES CATHEDRAL (1140-1500 CE) Medieval architecture

Architecture

ITALIAN ARCHITECTURE

(14th, 15th, and 16th centuries)

Best expression of 11th and 12th centuries

Piazza del Duomo. Leaning Tower of Pisa.

• Tower of Pisa (1173)

• Construction started the year 1092.

• 177 years of construction.

• Medieval architecture.

Best expression of 16th and 17th centuries

The Papal Basilica of Saint Peter (1506-1626 CE)Renaissance and Mannerist architecture

Architecture

SPANISH ARCHITECTURE

(14th, 15th, and 16th centuries)

Still under Muslim influence

Islamic conquest of the Christians (711-1492CE)

Muslim Arabs conquered and occupied the Iberian Peninsula for nearly 800 years.

Moors called the territory Al Andalus (what is now Spain and Portugal)

Middle ages. Crusades.

Reconquest starts with the formation of the kingdom of Asturias by the Visigoths.

By 1249, the reconquest of Portugal was complete by the crusaders.

Map of the Muslim Conquest of Hispania

711 CE

Map before 1492 (15th century)

1492 CE

Architecture of Al-Andalus (711-1492 CE)

1. January 2, 1492 is the end of the Muslim Conquest of Hispania.

2. Mudejar style: Best expressions of architecture belong to this period.

3. In Romanesque, Gothic and Renaissance architecture, builders used elements of Islamic art.

Mudejar style

Symbiosis of techniques and ways of understanding architecture resulting from Muslim and Christian cultures.

Brick as the main material.

Developed complicated tiling patterns.

Dominant geometrical character.

The Alcazar of Seville is considered one of the greatest surviving examples of the style.

Historic facts

1. 1492: Emir Muhammad XII surrendered the Emirate of Granada to Queen Isabella I of Castile.

2. Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon were the Catholic Monarchs.

3. The cultural and social contributions under Muslim rule still persist in Al-Andalus.

Santa Maria del Naranco (848 CE)

• Visigothic architecture

• Belongs to the Kingdom of Asturias (North)

The Great Mosque of Cordova (784 CE)

Alhambra, Granada (1237 CE)

Alcazar of Seville (ca 1212 CE)

The Spanish Square (Seville, Andalusia)

Alcazar of Seville (inner courtyard)

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