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European CommissionEnterprise and Industry RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 1/26

The EU Raw Materials Initiative

- Critical Raw Materials for the EU -

Trans-Atlantic WorkshopTrans-Atlantic Workshop

Rare Earth Elements and Other Critical Materials for a Clean Energy FutureBoston, 03 December 2010

European CommissionEnterprise and Industry

Antje Wittenberg

Metals, Minerals, Raw Materials


Main challenges

EU highly dependent on imports of important raw materials (metals and industrial minerals) which are increasingly affected by market distortions

Still potential in Europe (self-sufficient supply for construction materials, potential for other raw materials), but exploration and extraction face ongoing increasing competition for different land uses and a highly regulated environment


The Raw Materials Initiative

Integrated strategy

based on three pillars

Right framework conditions

within the EU

in order to foster sustainable supply

from Europeansources

Ensuring accessto raw materials from

International Markets

under the same conditions as other

industrial competitors

Boosting resource efficiency

and recycling

to reduce the EU's consumption of

primary raw materials


Trade policy actions

1st pillar

Challenging unjustified trade distortive measures

Bilateral negotiations on export restrictions

Raising awareness

► Trade Annual Activity Report 2009


Development policy 1st pillar

agreement African Union Commission / European Commission in Addis Ababa, June 2010, to launch a bilateral co-operation in three areas:

► Governance

► Infrastructure / investment

► Geological knowledge / skills

Based on African Mining Vision

and EU Raw Materials Initiative


Access to land

2nd pillar

Promote the exchange of best practice in

land use planning and administrative

conditions for exploration and extraction

Encourage better networking between

national geological surveys to increase the

EU's knowledge base

Develop guidelines the compatibility between Natura

2000 and extractive activities


Promote research

2nd pillar

Under FP7 new funding opportunities have recently been created for projects on:

► Advanced underground technologies for intelligent mining

► Substitution of critical raw materials

► Coordination of activities in Member States in the area of the industrial handling of raw material


Efficiency & recycling

3rd pillar

Huge potential of EU’s Urban Mines

Tackle illegal shipment of waste to third

countries through a more harmonised

enforcement of Waste Shipment

Regulation

Develop best practices in the area of

collection and treatment of key waste

streams

Develop eco-design measures aimed at

fostering more efficient use of raw

materials in products


Increase resource efficiency

3rd pillar

The Commission plans to publish a Roadmap on how to move towards a resource efficient Europe by summer 2011.

The roadmap will set out specific resource efficiency objectives, and how to meet them, based on actions up to 2020 with a time perspective of up to 2050.


Define critical raw materials


Methodology

41 raw materials analysed

Time horizon: 10 years

A pragmatic approach

Three main aggregated indicators

► economic importance

► supply risks

► environmental country risks


41 raw materials analysedAluminum Antimony Barytes Bauxite

Bentonite Beryllium Borates Chromium

Clays (incl. kaolin) Cobalt Copper Diatomite

Feldspar Fluorspar Gallium Germanium

Graphite Gypsum Indium Iron ore

Limestone Lithium Magnesite Magnesium

Manganese Molybdenum Nickel NiobiumPerlite Platinum Group Metals (PGMs)

Rare earths (REE) Rhenium Silica sand

Silver Talc Tantalum

Tellurium Titanium

Tungsten Vanadium

Zinc


Economic importance

Importance for economic value chain and emerging (key) technologies

Renewable energy:solar cells, wind turbines

Energy efficiency:hybrid and electric cars, LED lighting, batteries

Electronics:flat screens, mobile phones

Aerospace:light weight alloys


Emerging technologiesRaw material

Production 2006 [t]

Demand emerging tech. 2006 [t]

Demand emerging tech. 2030 [t]

Demand/prod. 2006

Demand/prod. 2030

Factor

Gallium 152 28 603 0.18 3.97 22

Indium 581 234 1.911 0.40 3.29 8.2

Germanium 100 28 220 0.28 2.20 7.9

Neodymium 16.800 4.000 27.900 0.23 1.66 7.2

Platinum 255 very small 345 0 1.35

Tantalum 1.384 551 1.410 0.40 1.02 2.5

Silver 19.051 5.342 15.823 0.28 0.83 2.9

Cobalt 62.279 12.820 26.860 0.21 0.43 2.1

Palladium 267 23 77 0.09 0.29 3.2

Titanium 7.211.000 15.397 58.148 0.08 0.29 3.6

Copper 15.093.000 1.410.000 3.696.070 0.09 0.24 2.7


Emerging technologies (2)

Raw material Emerging technologies

Antimony Antimony-Tin-Oxide (~ In-Sn-O), micro capacitors

Cobalt Li-ion batteries, synthetic fuels

Gallium Semi-conductors, thin layer photovoltaics, IC, WLED

Germanium Fibre optic cable, IR optical technology

Indium Displays, thin layer photovoltaics

Platinum (PGM) Fuel cells, catalysts

Palladium (PGM) Catalysts, seawater desalination

Niobium Micro capacitors, ferroalloys

Neodymium (REE) Permanent magnets, laser technology

Tantalum Micro capacitors, medical technology


Critical raw materials

High supply risks

High share of the worldwide production► China (antimony, fluorspar, gallium, germanium, graphite, indium,

magnesium, REE, tungsten)

► Russia (PGM)

► Congo (cobalt, tantalum)

► Brazil (niobium, tantalum)

Low substitutability ► REE, PGM

Low recycling rates► When used in very low concentrations


Environmental country risk

Ranking of eligible raw materials according to their environmental country risk

0,10 0,60 1,10 1,60 2,10 2,60 3,10 3,60 4,10

REE


Risk analysis

REELithium


Critical raw materials

Borate

Fluorspar

Gallium

Iron

Magnesium

PGM

Tellurium

Aluminum Bauxite

Antimony

Barytes

Bentonite

Beryllium

Chromium

Clays

Cobalt

Copper

Diatomite

Feldspar

Germanium

Graphite

Gypsum

Indium

LimestoneLithium

Magnesite

ManganeseMolybdenum

Nickel

Niobium

Perlite

Rare Earths

Rhenium

SilicaSilverTalc

Tantalum

Titanium

Tungsten

Zinc

Vanadium

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

4,0

4,5

5,0

3,0 4,0 5,0 6,0 7,0 8,0 9,0 10,0

Economic Importance

Su

pp

ly R

isk


14 critical raw materials

Graphite

Rare Earth Elements (REE)

Fluorspar

Platinum Group Metals (PGM)


Recommendations

Two types of recommendations

follow-up and further support

policy-oriented recommendations (areas where measures should be undertaken)


Follow up and further support

Up-date the list every 5 years and enlarge the scope

Improve the availability and quality of statistical information and prepare a Yearbook

Carry out further studies, e.g. competition to land use, « cradle-to-grave » LCAs, emerging technologies

Establish a sub-group of the Raw Material Supply Group on criticality


Policy-oriented Access to primary resources

► Land use and permitting in the EU

► Company exploration as research (fiscal issues)

► Promote RTD

► Promote good governance in developing countries

Trade and investment

► Maintain and strengthen the EU trade policy, pursue dispute settlement in WTO, engage in consultations

► Raise awareness in multilateral fora

► A new EU-wide policy on foreign investment

► Coherence of EU policies with respect to raw materials


Policy-oriented (2)

Recycling► Improve collection

► Prevent illegal exports of End-of-Life products

► Promote research

Substitution ► Promote research

Material Efficiency► Minimise the raw material used

► Minimise raw material losses


The Raw Materials Initiative

Integrated strategy

based on three pillars

Right framework conditions

within the EU

in order to foster sustainable supply

from Europeansources

Ensuring accessto raw materials from

International Markets

under the same conditions as other

industrial competitors

Boosting resource efficiency

and recycling

to reduce the EU's consumption of

primary raw materials


Thank you for your attention !

References:

Report on critical raw materials: http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/raw-materials/critical/index_en.htm

Report on best practices in area of land use planning, permitting and geological knowledge:http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/raw-materials/sustainable-supply/index_en.htm

Natura 2000 guidelines:http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/natura2000/management/guidance_en.htm

Trade raw materials activity report 2009: http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2010/june/tradoc_146207.pdf

Communication on the EU 2020 Flagship Initiative Innovation Union:http://ec.europa.eu/research/innovation-union/pdf/innovation-union-communication_en.pdf


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NE Extractive Industry EU27

Construction Materials Industrial Minerals Metals

EU 2007, Eurostatlast up date 09/09/2010


Risk analysis

ZincClays


World Metal Price 1995-2010

6.08.2010accident in a small size Cu-mine, Chile


World Metal Price 1995-2010


R&D - preliminary findings

european commission enterprise and industry rmi | a. wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | ‹#›/26 the eu raw...

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