The Ambition of Kings

• Spain-defeats the Muslims in 1492 at Granada.

• Country reunited military strong and rich.

• Looking for a good investment or plan that requires some resource for a benefit later.

The Surrender of Granada by Francisco Pradilla Ortiz

The Ambition of Kings

• Isabella and Ferdinand of Spain presented investment by Cristobol Colon

• Colon presents his plan to reach Asia by sailing west

• Colon calls it The Enterprise of the Indies.

The Ambition of Kings

Objectives of EOI

•Convert the Chinese to Christianity

•Buy spices cheaply by cutting out Muslim traders

•Establish colonies overseas.

The Ambition of Kings

•EOI is approved and Columbus sets sail.

•Columbus settles an Island and named it La Isla Espanol or Hispaniola

•Santo Domingo is the first European colony in the New World, which means modern North and South America.

•Old World refers to Europe Asia and Africa.

•These terms mean nothing to the Native People of Hispaniola.

The Fall of Native Empires

• EOI was flawed, Colon was mistaken.

• EOI does allow conquistadores (Spanish soldiers) to conquer and settle native land.

• Natives enslaved to mine gold and work sugar fields

• Middle American empires destroyed.

Above: Pizarro and Atahualpa of the Incas.

Below: Cortes defeats the Aztecs

The Spanish in America

• Established St. Augustine in Florida, oldest European settlement in North America.

• Hernando De Soto explored the Blue Ridge, and Juan de Pardo established a permanent colony in the Piedmont.

• Passed through present day Charlotte, Denver, and Morganton.

• Created settlement of Fort Santiago in jan 6th 1568 near present day Rowan/Iredell line.

The Spanish in America• Spanish fail to retain forts

because…• Isolated and depend on

indians for food• Spanish chasing native

women• Sir Francis Drake (Eng)

attacks St. Augustine (1585), Spanish troops withdraw from NC to defend it.

• Spain no longer a presence in US SE except Florida.

Sir Francis Drake, the greatest English Privateer

Impact of Contact

-Colombus’ impression

Natives are easy to exploit.

EOI search for gold not build colonies

colonization by force

Natives refused to become slaves, often ran away.

Natives not resistant to European diseases, tremendous death toll.

Europe had Black Death in 1300’s, Natives never exposed to it.

-

SlaveryWhy Africa?

-African slaves already in use for the first Cash Crop-sugar.

-a cash crop is something that is farmed not for subsistence but for money.

-Sugar plantations in Madeira and Santa Cruz de Tenerife off the coast of Africa.

-A plantation is a large farm that only produces cash crops.

-effects of disease

-importation of Africans

-Treaty of Tordesillas between Spain and Portugal

Modern day Madeira, Portugal

Slavery

• First slavers were Portuguese, then Spanish, French, and English

• Purchased slaves from all over Africa, so slaves had no common language culture or politics.

• Done on purpose to prevent revolts

Top: “Stairs of no return” slave trading house, Dakar, Senegal

Bottom: Form of slave punishment/ suicide prevention

Bottom left: diagram of a slave ship and how many slaves could be put on board

Bottom Right: slave ports, slave trading tribes (Black) slaves tribes traded (Red)

Top Right: group of slaves in front of an African slave trader.

Colombian Exchange

-transfer of goods between NW and OW

-Europeans gained corn, potatoes, squash, tomatoes, peanuts, tobacco

-Native Americans recieved horses, cows, pigs, and guns, and fatal diseases

Other Explorers

• Prince Henry of Portugal-founded the first “explorers school”, portuguese sailors first explore outside of Europe.

• Vasco da Gama- portuguese explorer who sailed around Africa to reach India

• Ferdinand Magellan-Spanish explorer who sailed around the world (did not survive the trip)

• Zhung He- most famous chinese explorer, sailed Indian Ocean

Bibliography

• http://www.learnnc.org/lp/editions/nchist-twoworlds/1678

• http://www.google.com/imgres?q=Madeira+portugal&safe

• http://www.cbsnews.com/2300-204_162-10012998.html

• http://www.foxnews.com/science/2013/07/27/medieval-spanish-gold-hunters-fort-found-in-north-carolina/

• http://www.livescience.com/38417-early-spanish-fort-found-in-north-carolina.html

• http://www.cbsnews.com/2300-204_162-10012998.html