19EUROPE1000-1300

COMMERCE• Growth

• Trade • Towns

• Causes?• Rivers • Population

GUILDS

MERCHANTS• Monopoly• Disputes

CRAFTS• Artisans• 3 levels

• Social

POPE • Strong

• People: fear

• Heresy• Witchcraft

FRIARS • “protest” • “brothers” • Franciscans, Dominicans

• Among people

• Doctrine • Convert heretics

EDUCATION• Before 12th cent.: church• University:

• Guild • Teacher, student

STUDENTS• “University”• 14, 15• 6-10 years• Theology, law, medicine• Rigorous • Taverns, brothels

SCHOLASTICISM Thomas Aquinas

Truth Christian texts science + religion

WOMEN• Middle, upper class

• Convents

• Church: • Serve God, husband

CRUSADES• 11th, 12th cent.• Muslims • Holy Land• Monasticism + militancy

CRUSADES• Results?

• Byzantium • Papacy • Economics

STATES• Feudalism:

• local power

• Kings• ++ power

STATES• England

• Magna Carta (1215)• Law above all• King

• Spain• Reconquista

• Muslims

CHURCH• Slow decline