euro vi challenges for south america - argentina€¦ · sensor . vnt . actuator . exhaust...

Guentert, Thomas

AVL South America Ltda

Confidential

EURO VI CHALLENGES FOR SOUTH AMERICA Impact of new legislation for engine testing and development

Guentert, Thomas | | 08 novembro 2017 | 2 Confidential

Content:

• Introduction • What has changed?

• Impact of Euro VI - Examples • Engine Calibration • OBD and EAS failure modes • Particulate Measurement • RDE, ISC and validation process

• Future?

AGENDA

Thomas Stefan Güntert Business Development Manager at AVL for Power Trainengineering Services 6 Years at AVL South America Mechanical Engineer Brazilian, 33 years old [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]


INTRODUCTION


DISTRIBUTION OF EU-VI AND SIMILAR BY 2020

?

2023

85% of global production will be sold as EU-VI or similar! More global platforms on mid-market segment (Value Trucks)

EU-VI or similar


WHAT HAS CHANGED?

EURO VI has reduced emissions level, but also new cycles have been implemented, particulate counting has been added, real driving emissions and in-service conformity up to 750.000km ... everything. But what can we expect for countries such as Argentina, Brazil and Chile? What is our local situation? Technological path and engine system package are defined by the Headquarter´s Local product development will focus on:

Engine Localization ° Validation ° Homologation


Local Challenges for Euro VI – Examples Engine Calibration


NOx reduction: 20% (steady) and 23% (transient)

PM reduction: 50%

Particle Number limitation NH3 25ppmNH3 25ppm

EU Emissionen (g/kWh, #/kWh)

NOxPM

3,5

1,5 / 4,00,02 / 0,03

CO0,46 / 0,55HC

NOxPM

2,0

1,5 / 4,00,02 / 0,03

CO0,46 / 0,55HC

ESC

/ ET

C

Euro VI

Euro V

ESC

/ ET

CW

HSC

/ W

HTC PM

0,4 / 0.46

1,5 / 4,0

0,01

CO0,13 / 0,16HC

NOx

Euro IV

8 x 1011 / 6 x 1011

10 ppm

PN

NH3 25ppmNH3 25ppm

NH3

EURO VI – EMISSIONS

State of the art after-treatment system, injection systems and engine controls HW & SW are available and proven. What about local Fuel and Urea quality and consistency?


EURO VI – TEST CYCLE

WHSC vs ESC WHTC vs ETC

Lower speeds

Lower loads

Lower temperatures

Low loads with low engine speeds will reduce the operating temperatures of the SCR resulting in lower SCR conversion rate and risk of Ad Blue crystallization Application specific urea dosing strategy calibration


EURO VI – TEST CYCLE

Additional NTE (Not-To-Exceed) area WHNTE

Wider range 3 grids with 5 points/grid 15 vs 3 points

More effort to calibrate the full map area of the engine not only for fuel consumption and performance, but also emissions.


Local Challenges for Euro VI – Examples OBD and EAS failure modes


HD ON-ROAD LEGISLATION EU VI MONITORING REQUIREMENTS

Manifold Absolute Pressure

Sensor

VNT Actuator

Exhaust Temperature Sensors

MAF Sensor Exhaust Gas Recirculation Valve (EGR)

Crankshaft Position Sensor

High Pressure Diesel Pump

Fuel Pressure Sensor

engine cooling system

NOx Sensors

SCR DPF

Air Cleaner Box Temperature Sensors

EGR Cooler Diesel Piezo Common Rail

Injector

T6

Oxidation Catalyst

Reagent Dosing valve

T4 T5

DOC

ATC

Aftertreatment Fuel System

Charge Air Cooler

SCR System Diesel particulate filter

Delta p Sensor Reagent Level/ Quality Sensor

• New sensors and monitoring requirements

• Tighter thresholds including PM

• In Use Performance Ratio (IUPR)

• Failure Classification - MiL


BIODIESEL

• The environmental concern in the last decades promotes the substitution of conventional diesel for biodiesel.

• As an alternative fuel, biodiesel present some advantages and disadvantages over petroleum diesel.

Fonte: www.biodieselbr.com

2018 B9 2019 B10

Most of modern EUVI engine will operate with B10 (10% of Biodiesel), further increase of content requires HW change


FAILURE MODES / BIODIESEL

Ash load Alkali Metals high temp

Ash load clogging Poisoning fuel/oil Light off temp

Blockage fouling Leakage corrosion

Bearing poor lub Sealing acid formation Breather clogging leakage FIS clogging & wear Power cell carbon build up, wear Lub oil / fuel&lub filter dilution, aging, water, deposits....


Local Challenges for Euro VI – Examples Particulate Measurement


• NOx reduction: 20% (steady) and 23% (transient)

• PM reduction: 50%

• Particle Number limitation NH3 25ppmNH3 25ppm

EU Emissionen (g/kWh, #/kWh)

NOxPM

3,5

1,5 / 4,00,02 / 0,03

CO0,46 / 0,55HC

NOxPM

2,0

1,5 / 4,00,02 / 0,03

CO0,46 / 0,55HC

ESC

/ ET

C

Euro VI

Euro V

ESC

/ ET

CW

HSC

/ W

HTC PM

0,4 / 0.46

1,5 / 4,0

0,01

CO0,13 / 0,16HC

NOx

Euro IV

8 x 1011 / 6 x 1011

10 ppm

PN

NH3 25ppmNH3 25ppm

NH3

EURO VI – EMISSIONS

New measurements equipment and more stringent measurement procedures


EURO VI – PARTICLE COUNTING

Source: SAE-Paper 940233

Nucleation mode Accumulation mode

AccumulationAdsorption

CondensationDiffusion

Deposition

Heterogeneous particle

Even small deviations on engine control at the ETB and geometric differences in the installation can lead to considerable measurement deviations Reliable measurement conditions and state-of-the-art equipment is required.

AVL 489 – Particle Counter


EURO VI – PARTICULATE MASS

More stringent measurement procedures and limits

Particle Mass reduction: 50%

Very low measurments levels

for particle mass, requires skilled personal and robust

measurament chain


EURO VI – PARTICULATE MASS

More stringent measurement procedures and limits

Intake Air Mass Flow

Fuel Mass Flow

Speed and Torque

Partial Dilution Gravimetric Filter

Measurament Final Filter Weight

g/kWh


Local Challenges for Euro VI – Examples Validation process and engine testing


AVL M.O.V.E SOLUTION FOR HDIUT IN-USE TESTING

EPA / USA

PN PEMS


IN SERVICE CONFORMITY (ISC) – PEMS DURABILITY EMISSIONS

• New market (requirements, targets…) • New boundaries (fuel, duty cycle, severity….) • How to proceed with tropicalization? • Restricted validation time & budget

How to be sure your product is validated and compliant up to 750.000km?


DUTY CYCLE – TRAFFIC & LOAD FACTOR

Traffic jam Climate Roads

• Stop & go • Long period in idle • Low temp

• Thermal shock • Fording

• Mech. Stress • Vibration • Sealing


DUTY CYCLE - TRAFFIC & LOAD FACTOR

Route from main ports to main consumer zones

15 in Europe and 7 in Brazil

0

200

400

600

800

Altitude (m)

Europe

Brazil

0,0

2,0

4,0

6,0

Ramp %

Europe

Brazil

0

20

40

60

80

Average speed (km/h)

Europe

Brazil

↑ 83%

↑ 226%

↓ 33%

000

050

050

050

0

Brazilian duty cycle: Traffic & Road condition Altitude Ramp Average speed Load factor Higher severity

main Portsmain

consumer zones

Denivelation (m)

Route Distance (km) % of ramp average speed km/h

Antwerp Brussels 87 52 1 39Hamburg Berlin 128 287 1 59Marseille Paris 580 751 2 83Algeciras Madrid 1037 641 1 85Le Havre Paris 152 197 3 56

Immingham Birmingham 128 285 2 95Bremerhaven Berlin 132 457 1 81

Valencia Madrid 952 350 1 78London Birmingham 239 201 1 57

Milford Haven Birmingham 247 329 1 71Genova Rome 573 494 5 82Trieste Rome 741 663 1 83

Gothenburg Stockholm 332 463 1 77Taranto Rome 731 500 1 83Dunkirk Paris 148 298 1 75Santos São Paulo 825 70.9 6 30

Paranaguá Curitiba 959 91 5 46Paranaguá Ponta Grossa 1153 250 4 58Paranaguá Guarapava 1221 398 4 60

Rio de Janeiro Porto Real 527 148.8 6 50Rio de Janeiro Petropolis 1000 68 7 34Rio de Janeiro Nova Friburgo 1100 155 7 52Rio de Janeiro Barra Mansa 496 152 9 57

Itajaí Florianópolis 135 97 7 49Vitoria Belo Horizonte 1386 547 3 55Vitoria Juiz de Fora 964 525 3 54

Crisciúma Lages 1482 205 4 56Porto Rio Grande do Sul Caxias 862 170 3 57

Porto de Salvador Camaçari 101 55 2 37

Euro

peB

razi

l


Test Length Gen 1 Gen 2

Wear test 2000h 1 2

Cyling test 1000h 1 2

“Are we testing the

right amount?”

Load profile

Test conditions

Assessment

e.g. Wear test

Defined program size & duration Defined set of test cycles

Traditional durability & reliability test programs

New/ modified systems New markets/ applications

Target failure rate:

1 Failure/ 10 Vehicles +

Year

New legal requirements: Useful life / emission stability

New/ modified targets Improved lifetime targets:

1,5Mio km or 25.000h

Economic boundaries Timeline

Budget

Capacity

VALIDATION CHALLENGE

“Are we testing the right things?”

“Are we testing at the right time?”


FUTURE TRENDS


TRUCK FUEL CONSUMPTION TREND

Source Lastauto Omnibus 4/2014


ENGINE TECHNOLOGY FOCUS ON REAL DRIVE CYCLE

Engine right sizing, downspeeding, PT layout

Auxiliaries on Demand, Mild Hybrid

Engine and EAS mapping strategies

Red

uctio

n of

fue

l con

sum

ptio

n [ %

]

15

10

5

Example: Long haul truck

Full hybrids


TRUCK & BUS ELECTRIFICATION SHIFT TO BEV & MILD HYBRIDS

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2015 2020 2025

Pro

du

ctio

n V

olu

me

[-]

2016 2020 2025

Status 12-2014 Status 12-2016

conventional

mild hybrid

full hybrid

electric

conventional

mild hybrid

full

electric


TRUCK & BUS ELECTRIFICATION DRIVERS

GHG / CO2 LIMITS ZERO NOISE / EMISSION DRIVING IN CITY ZONES

CO2 URBAN ACCESS

REGULATIONS IN EUROPE

http://www.google.at/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiFzISE077PAhXCtBQKHde_AEYQjRwIBw&url=http://electrek.co/2016/07/27/daimler-etruck-first-all-electric-truck-125-miles-range/&psig=AFQjCNHYdYzff_W8btEarQZscQZa3uamqg&ust=1475584561249804


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THANK YOU

euro vi challenges for south america - argentina€¦ · sensor . vnt . actuator . exhaust...

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