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Copernicus for coastal zone

monitoring and management

workshop,

Brussels, 29/06/2017

EUMETSAT Future Missions and

Products for Coastal Zones

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• EUMETSAT develops and operates satellite mission data services relevant for coastal zones globally:

• Sentinel-3 Marine – ocean and sea ice

• Jason-CS - ocean

• MSG MTG – ocean, land, atmosphere

• Metop Metop-SG – ocean, land, atmosphere, sea ice

• EUMETSAT offers a consistent portfolio of data services

• and ensures long term sustainment, consistency and

synergy within missions• with limitations in spatial and temporal resolutions wrt.

the needs of coastal zone observation e.g. resolving short spatial and /or temporal scale processes

Introduction

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• Synergy between Sentinel-3 instruments• Co-located simultaneous observations in the Visible

(OLCI), Near Infra-Red (OLCI and SLSTR), Infra-Red (SLSTR)

• Provide better view of atmospheric processes affecting the surface observations: clouds and aerosols

• Improve cloud clearing and atmosphere correction• Synergy across missions

• Sea surface winds: altimeters and scatterometers

• Combination of spatial resolution (S2) and spectral resolution (S3 OLCI)

• Combination of spectral resolution (S3 OLCI) and temporal resolution (MTG FCI)

Remote Sensing of Coastal Zones – Opportunities

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• Sentinel-3 offers improved coastal coverage

• Dense ground track pattern (2 satellites in 27-day repeats)

• SAR altimetry, reducing footprint size to approx. 300 meters along-track

• Ability to better filter out influence of land on measurements

• Studies show that meaningful data can still be retrieved at 2 km from the coast, down from about 5 km with conventional altimetry

Coastal altimetry

Cycle 6 Pass 88 – Australialand ocean

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• Sea Surface winds derived from Scatterometers

• ASCAT on Metop satellites

• SCA on Metop-SG

• Developed and provided through EUMETSAT OSI SAF

• Wind speed and direction at the sea surface using the back-scatter signal from satellite at spatial resolution of ca. 12 km

• Measurements even through cloud layers

• Indispensible tool for nowcasting(direct) and forecasting (through assimilation in models)

Scatterometer Winds

Record-breaking Tropical Cyclone Winston devastated parts of Fiji when it hit the archipelago in February 2016.

Metop-B AVHRR infrared image with ASCAT winds overlaid, 21 Feb 2016 21:34 UTC

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Scatterometer Winds: Land fraction for better coastal

coverage• Coastal Zone: mixed

land-water pixels are

contaminated by the

land echo and not

usable for wind retrieval

• Land Fraction:

improved coverage of

scatterometer winds in

coastal zones

• Currently being

implemented for Metop

ASCAT Level-1 product

• Will be included for

Metop-SG SCA

Level-1B wind speeds Level-1B wind speeds

with improved coverage

of the coastal zones

(prototype)

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Storm surge

• Coastal altimetry (1-D satellite track)

• Comparison to tide gauges (0-D)

• Comparison to tidal and storm surge models (2-D)

• Wave height, wind speed (also from altimetry)

• Wind speed and direction (scatterometer: 2-D satellite swath)

• Improved prediction of

surge height and timing

• Shipping warning

• Coastal evacuation

• Closing surge barriers

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Synergies of

OLCI / SLSTR

Sentinel-3 OLCI-SLSTR synergy for cloud screening, surface type identification, coastal applications

(510 nm)

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Sediment transport monitoring from geostationary and polar platforms: MSG SEVIRI and S3 OLCI

TUR (NTU)

Sentinel-3A OLCI RGB image

11 May 2017

showing:

• East Anglian sediment plume

• Waddenzee erosion/sedimentation

• open sea coccolithophore blooms

MSG SEVIRI prototype

geostationary

water turbidity product

August 2008

showing:

• East Anglian sediment plume

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River Sediment Outflow

Sentinel-3 OLCI A Water Leaving Radiance at 665 nm as a proxy for suspended matter

7 September 2016Ref. NOAA OCview

Kara Sea(Ob and Yenisey river)

Laptev Sea (Lena river)

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• Consistent bio-geo-chemical and optical in situ measurements in complex coastal waters

• Necessary for processing and interpretation

• Protocols and best practices : • Subject of inter-agency coordination at IOCCG

• Addressed by ESA’s FRM4SOC

• Need for broad deployment covering the variability of water types prevailing in coastal zones /shelf seas

• Aerosol optical properties and ocean colour• Ocean colour missions rely critically on existing AERONET-OC

• Sea level• Altimeter missions rely critically on existing tide gauge network

• Sea Surface Temperature• SST missions rely critically on existing buoys and drifters network

• Ship-borne radiometers are few but very important• Winds, Significant Wave Height

• Altimeter and scatterometer missions rely critically on existing buoy network

Fiducial Reference Measurements (FRM)

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• EUMETSAT current missions have potential to fulfill important coastal zone observation needs

• Coastal altimetry

• Winds near coast

• Surface temperature

• Water constituents and water quality from ocean colour

• EUMETSAT planned missions expand that potential further

• S-3B + S-3A: Spatial coverage improvement, better chances of cloud-free observations for optical measurements

• SAR altimetry constellation S-3, S-6: spatial and temporal coverage

• MTG: ocean colour, temporal resolution, cloud clearing

Conclusions / Way forward