eukaryotic cell structures 7-2. in some respects, the eukaryotic cell is like a factory it contains...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Eukaryotic Cell Structures 7-2. In some respects, the eukaryotic cell is like a factory It contains several tiny specialized structures called organelles](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649dba5503460f94aaa42a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Eukaryotic Cell Structures
7-2
![Page 2: Eukaryotic Cell Structures 7-2. In some respects, the eukaryotic cell is like a factory It contains several tiny specialized structures called organelles](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649dba5503460f94aaa42a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
In some respects, the eukaryotic cell is like a factory
It contains several tiny specialized structures called organelles
Biologists divide the cell into 2 parts: the cytoplasm and the nucleus
![Page 3: Eukaryotic Cell Structures 7-2. In some respects, the eukaryotic cell is like a factory It contains several tiny specialized structures called organelles](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649dba5503460f94aaa42a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The cytoplasm is the portion of the cell outside the nucleus
It contains the organelles and is where some cellular processes take place
![Page 4: Eukaryotic Cell Structures 7-2. In some respects, the eukaryotic cell is like a factory It contains several tiny specialized structures called organelles](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649dba5503460f94aaa42a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Nucleus
Contains nearly all of the cell’s DNA and instructions for making proteins & other molecules
It is surrounded by a nuclear envelope, which is made up of 2 membranes
Contains 1000’s of tiny pores which allow material (RNA & proteins) to move into and out of nucleus
![Page 5: Eukaryotic Cell Structures 7-2. In some respects, the eukaryotic cell is like a factory It contains several tiny specialized structures called organelles](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649dba5503460f94aaa42a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Nucleus contains chromatin, which is DNA bound to proteins
Condenses to form chromosomes during cell division
May also contain a nucleolus, which is where ribosomes are made
![Page 6: Eukaryotic Cell Structures 7-2. In some respects, the eukaryotic cell is like a factory It contains several tiny specialized structures called organelles](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649dba5503460f94aaa42a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Eukaryotic Cell Structures 7-2. In some respects, the eukaryotic cell is like a factory It contains several tiny specialized structures called organelles](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649dba5503460f94aaa42a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Ribosomes
Site where proteins are assembled
Composed of RNA & proteins
Found in the cytoplasm or on other organelles
Produce proteins based on coded instructions from the nucleus
![Page 8: Eukaryotic Cell Structures 7-2. In some respects, the eukaryotic cell is like a factory It contains several tiny specialized structures called organelles](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649dba5503460f94aaa42a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
It is an internal membrane system that synthesizes and exports materials
Site where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled
Exports proteins and other material for the cell
![Page 9: Eukaryotic Cell Structures 7-2. In some respects, the eukaryotic cell is like a factory It contains several tiny specialized structures called organelles](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649dba5503460f94aaa42a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
There are 2 types of ER: smooth and rough
Rough ER is involved in protein synthesisContains ribosomes on its surfaceProteins leave ribosomes and enter ER
to be modified
Smooth ER lacks ribosomesContains enzymes the synthesize lipid membranes & detoxify drugsLarge amounts are found in liver
![Page 10: Eukaryotic Cell Structures 7-2. In some respects, the eukaryotic cell is like a factory It contains several tiny specialized structures called organelles](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649dba5503460f94aaa42a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Eukaryotic Cell Structures 7-2. In some respects, the eukaryotic cell is like a factory It contains several tiny specialized structures called organelles](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649dba5503460f94aaa42a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Golgi Apparatus
Named after Italian scientist Camillo Golgi
Accepts proteins modified in the rough ER
Function is to modify, sort, and package proteins & other materials from the ER
![Page 12: Eukaryotic Cell Structures 7-2. In some respects, the eukaryotic cell is like a factory It contains several tiny specialized structures called organelles](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649dba5503460f94aaa42a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Eukaryotic Cell Structures 7-2. In some respects, the eukaryotic cell is like a factory It contains several tiny specialized structures called organelles](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649dba5503460f94aaa42a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Lysosomes
Small organelles filled with enzymes that act like “clean-up crew” in the cell
Functions to digest, or breakdown lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules
Breaks down old & worn out organelles
![Page 14: Eukaryotic Cell Structures 7-2. In some respects, the eukaryotic cell is like a factory It contains several tiny specialized structures called organelles](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649dba5503460f94aaa42a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Eukaryotic Cell Structures 7-2. In some respects, the eukaryotic cell is like a factory It contains several tiny specialized structures called organelles](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649dba5503460f94aaa42a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Vacuoles
Saclike structure that stores cellular materials like water, salts, proteins and carbs
Plants contain a large vacuole filled with water, which enables plants to support the weight of flowers and leaves
![Page 16: Eukaryotic Cell Structures 7-2. In some respects, the eukaryotic cell is like a factory It contains several tiny specialized structures called organelles](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649dba5503460f94aaa42a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Single-celled organisms contain a contractile vacuole,
Used to pump out excess water from cell
Helps to maintain homeostasis
![Page 17: Eukaryotic Cell Structures 7-2. In some respects, the eukaryotic cell is like a factory It contains several tiny specialized structures called organelles](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649dba5503460f94aaa42a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Eukaryotic Cell Structures 7-2. In some respects, the eukaryotic cell is like a factory It contains several tiny specialized structures called organelles](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649dba5503460f94aaa42a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Mitochondria & Chloroplasts
Mitochondria are found in plant & animal cells
Functions as the cell’s “powerhouse” by converting energy stored in glucose to the cellular energy ATP
Composed of 2 membranes: inner & outer
The inner membrane is folded to increase surface area
![Page 19: Eukaryotic Cell Structures 7-2. In some respects, the eukaryotic cell is like a factory It contains several tiny specialized structures called organelles](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649dba5503460f94aaa42a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Chloroplasts are found in plant cells and in a few other organisms
Contains chlorophyll, which is used to capture the energy during photosynthesis
Also composed of 2 membranes
![Page 20: Eukaryotic Cell Structures 7-2. In some respects, the eukaryotic cell is like a factory It contains several tiny specialized structures called organelles](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649dba5503460f94aaa42a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Eukaryotic Cell Structures 7-2. In some respects, the eukaryotic cell is like a factory It contains several tiny specialized structures called organelles](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649dba5503460f94aaa42a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Organelle DNA
Chloroplasts and mitochondria contain their own DNA
Biologist Lynn Margulis believes they are descendents from prokaryotic cells
Developed from symbiotic relationships
![Page 22: Eukaryotic Cell Structures 7-2. In some respects, the eukaryotic cell is like a factory It contains several tiny specialized structures called organelles](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649dba5503460f94aaa42a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Cytoskeleton
Functions as support structure for cell
Consists of a network of protein filaments that help the cell maintain its shape
Two types of protein filaments: microfilaments and microtubules
![Page 23: Eukaryotic Cell Structures 7-2. In some respects, the eukaryotic cell is like a factory It contains several tiny specialized structures called organelles](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649dba5503460f94aaa42a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Microfilaments are made of actin and their assembly and disassembly allow cytoplasmic movement
Microtubules are hollow structures made of tubulin
They are important in cell reproduction because they form the mitotic spindle which separates chromosomes
![Page 24: Eukaryotic Cell Structures 7-2. In some respects, the eukaryotic cell is like a factory It contains several tiny specialized structures called organelles](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649dba5503460f94aaa42a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
They are also responsible for the formation of cilia and flagella, which allow some cells to move
Centrioles are also made of tubulin and help to organize cell division
![Page 25: Eukaryotic Cell Structures 7-2. In some respects, the eukaryotic cell is like a factory It contains several tiny specialized structures called organelles](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649dba5503460f94aaa42a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)