eukaryotic cell structure. essential question what are the functions of the major cell structures?
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Eukaryotic Cell Structure
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Essential Question
What are the functions of the major cell structures?
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Cell Organization
The eukaryotic cell can be divided into two major parts: the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
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Nucleus
1. NucleusControl center of
the cellDirects ALL cell
activitiesContains genetic
(DNA) instruction for the cell
Usually largest organelle
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Nuclear Envelope
2. Nuclear Envelope
Surrounds the nucleus
Separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm
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Nucleus cont…
3. ChromatinCondenses to
form chromosomes
Made of DNA & proteins
4. NucleolusMakes
ribosomes
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Cytoplasm
GEL-LIKE portion of the cell outside the nucleus Allows for movement Location for most cell organelles
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Organelles
“Little organs” Each organelle has unique functions Allows the cell to function properly The size & shape of a cell relates to
its function
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Cytoplasmic Organelles
5. Ribosome RNA particles,
found throughout the cytoplasm
Makes proteins Sometimes
attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
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6. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Series of folded membranes that move material (proteins) in the cell
Rough ER Surrounds the nucleus synthesis of proteins Ribosomes are found on
its surfaceSmooth ER
Synthesis of lipids No ribosomes
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7. Golgi Apparatus
Synthesis of proteins (proteins in the rough ER move next into the golgi apparatus)
It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for storage or secretion
Ships proteins to their final destination
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8. Vesicles
Stores and moves material between cell organelles
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9. Lysosomes (animal cell)
Small organelles filled with enzymes
“clean up crew” Breakdown of food
molecules, cell wastes and worn out cell parts so the rest of the cell can use it.
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10. Vacuoles (plant cell)
Large, sac-like structure that stores food, water, and waste
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11. Centrioles
(animal cells)Located near the
nucleusHelp to organize
cell division used for reproduction
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12. Cytoskeleton
A network of protein filaments that help the cell maintain its shape and aid in movement
Comprised of 2 parts: Microfilaments and microtubules
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13. Cell membrane
Cell membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell
Provides protection and support
14. Cell wall Main function is to
provide support and protection
Plants have both a cell membrane and a cell wall
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Lesson OverviewLesson Overview Cell StructureCell Structure
Organelles That Capture and Release Energy
All living things require a source of energy. Most cells are powered by food molecules that are built using energy from the sun.
Chloroplasts and mitochondria are both involved in energy conversion processes within the cell.
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15. Mitochondria (plant and animal cell)
Power house of the cell
Provides energy (ATP) for the cell
Converts stored energy in food
Contains its own DNAFun Fact: You get your
mitochondria from your MOM!
What would happen if the mitochondria stopped working?
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16. Chloroplasts(plant cells)
Capture energy form sunlight and convert it into chemical energy
This process is called photosynthesis
Contains chlorophyll (green pigment)
-Plants use to make their own food (sugar)
Contains its own DNA
What would happen if a plant had no chloroplasts?
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1- Nucleus
2- Chromosomes
3- Mitochondria
4- Ribosomes
5- Chloroplasts
6- Vacuoles
7- ER
8- Cell Membrane
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Plant vs. Animal
Plant Animal
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1. Vacuole 2. Golgi Apparatus 3. Cell wall 4. Cell membrane 5. Chloroplast 6. nucleolus 7. Rough Endoplasmic reticulum 8. nucleus 9. mitochondria
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10. Vacuole 11. Lysosome 12. RER 13. Cell membrane 14. Nucleus 15. Cytoplasm 16. Nucleolus 17. Golgi Apparatus 18. Mitochondria
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