BIOMASSBIOMASS TO TO SUPPLY SUPPLY BIOFUELBIOFUEL IN LATVIAIN LATVIA

Linda Drukmane1st year Bachelor degree

studentFaculty of electrical and

power engineering Riga Technical University

OUTLINEOUTLINEBACKGROUND AND AIM OF BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE THE

PRESENTATIONPRESENTATIONBIOMASS CONVERSION TECHNOLOGIESBIOMASS CONVERSION TECHNOLOGIESMETHODOLOGYMETHODOLOGYRESULTS AND DISCUSSIONRESULTS AND DISCUSSIONCONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS

BACKGROUND AND AIMBACKGROUND AND AIM

BIOMASS CONVERSION BIOMASS CONVERSION TECHNOLOGIESTECHNOLOGIES

ConversionConversionProcessesProcesses

– Trees – Grasses– Agricultural Crops– Agricultural Residues– Animal Wastes– Municipal Solid Waste

USESUSESFuels:– Ethanol– Renewable Diesel– HydrogenPower:– Electricity– HeatChemicals– Plastics– Solvents– Chemical Intermediates– Phenolics– Adhesives– Furfural– Fatty acids– Acetic Acid– Carbon black– Paints– Dyes, Pigments, and Ink– Detergents– Etc.Food and Feed

- Enzymatic Fermentation- Gas/liquid Fermentation- Acid Hydrolysis/Fermentation- Gasification- Combustion- Co-firing

BiomassBiomassFeedstockFeedstock

METHODOLOGYMETHODOLOGY• AssumptionsAssumptions-- 50% are suitable for fermentation/gasification50% are suitable for fermentation/gasification

- Hydrogen produced via fermentation: 39 kgHHydrogen produced via fermentation: 39 kgH22/ton BM/ton BM

- Hydrogen produced via gasification: 80 kgHHydrogen produced via gasification: 80 kgH22/ton BM/ton BM

- Biomass heating value (HHV 19 MJ/kg)- Biomass heating value (HHV 19 MJ/kg)

- Specific CO2 emissions from gasoline: 69 tCO- Specific CO2 emissions from gasoline: 69 tCO22/TJ/TJ

• D = ( QHD = ( QH2 2 *φ*10*φ*10-6-6/Q/QGG)*100)*100- D = the percentage of gasoline displaced (%)D = the percentage of gasoline displaced (%)

- QHQH22 = amount of hydrogen used in transportation (kg/yr) = amount of hydrogen used in transportation (kg/yr)

- QH- QH22 = amount of gasoline used in Latvia in 2002 (TJ/yr) = amount of gasoline used in Latvia in 2002 (TJ/yr)

- φ = Energy density of hydrogen (142 MJ/kg)- φ = Energy density of hydrogen (142 MJ/kg)

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONRESULTS AND DISCUSSION

0 1000 2000 3000 4000

Agricultural waste

Energy crops

Forest residues

Urban waste

thds tonnes/yr0

500000

1000000

1500000

2000000

2500000

3000000

3500000

Available Biomass

Hydrogen produced

CO2 reduction

ton

nes/

year

Agricultural waste Energy crops Urban waste

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONRESULTS AND DISCUSSION

0

500000

1000000

1500000

2000000

2500000

3000000

3500000

Available Biomass Hydrogen produced CO2 reduction

tonn

es/y

ear

Agricultural waste Energy crops Forest residues Urban waste

0

500000

1000000

1500000

2000000

2500000

3000000

3500000

Available Biomass Hydrogen produced CO2 reduction

tonn

es/y

ear

Agricultural waste Energy crops Forest residues Urban waste

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONRESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Stimulating the necessary capital Stimulating the necessary capital investments to build production investments to build production capacity and infrastructure capacity and infrastructure

Accessing markets for sales of products Accessing markets for sales of products at prices justifying investments, and at prices justifying investments, and maintaining sustainable supplies of maintaining sustainable supplies of feedstockfeedstock

Having appropriate technologies and Having appropriate technologies and processes for meeting standards for processes for meeting standards for environmental performance and environmental performance and environmental justice environmental justice

CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONSOur results show that there are Our results show that there are enough residual enough residual

biomass and energy crops in Latvia to produce biomass and energy crops in Latvia to produce up to 300% of the total gasoline currently up to 300% of the total gasoline currently spent spent in Latviain Latvia,, byby using gasification or fermentation using gasification or fermentation technologies exclusively. technologies exclusively.

However, it would require that these However, it would require that these residual residual biomasses are collected and fed to the most biomasses are collected and fed to the most efficient conversion technologies availableefficient conversion technologies available..

Substantial Substantial researchresearch andand increasing numbers of increasing numbers of desk study projects are needed to determine desk study projects are needed to determine which pathway is more functional and cost which pathway is more functional and cost effectiveeffective..

Our results provide convincing evidence that Our results provide convincing evidence that Latvia should further participate in Latvia should further participate in bbiofuels iofuels research projectsresearch projects. . This courseThis course of action of action would would help ensure that Latvia maximizes value while help ensure that Latvia maximizes value while benefiting from its significant renewable benefiting from its significant renewable biomass resourcesbiomass resources..