eu microgrids projects - e2rge2rg.com/microgrid-2012/int'l_greece_hatziargyriou.pdf · doe...

DOE MICROGRID WORKSHOP, IIT Galvin Center for Electricity Innovation, Chicago, July 30-31, 2012

EU Microgrids Projects

Prof. Nikos Hatziargyriou

[email protected]

National Technical University of Athens,

Vice Chair and Deputy CEO, PPC, Greece

211 SmartGrids related projects running in EU27

at a total investment of 5 b€ (source : European Commission JRC)

e.g. in Germany

“E-energy – ICT

based Energy System

of the Future”,

6 Lighthouses

(2008-2013), 140 M€


FP6 Areas

Nr of

projects

Total budget

(M€)

EC funding

(M€)

Sustainable Energy Systems

33 137,5

78,3

Information Society Technologies

5 29,3

15,1

Scientific Support to Policies

5 4,1

3,5

SMEs Research Activities

1 2,4

1,4

International Cooperation (INCO)

8 10,7

8,1

Research and Innovation

2 2,9

1,9

Marie Curie Host Fellowships

1 1,6 1,6

Total Electricity 55 188,5 109,9

FP6 Funding of Electricity projects (2002-2006)

MICROGRIDS Project (FP5)

•GREAT BRITAIN • UMIST

• URENCO

•

•PORTUGAL • EDP

• INESC

•

•SPAIN

• LABEIN

•NETHERLANDS

• EMforce

•GREECE

• NTUA

• PPC /NAMD&RESD

• GERMANOS

•

• GERMANY • SMA

• ISET

•FRANCE • EDF

• Ecole des Mines de Paris/ARMINES

• CENERG

“Large Scale Integration of Micro-Generation to Low Voltage Grids

• ARMINES

•CENERG

• ISET

• ICCS / NTUA

•GERMANOS

• EDF

•SMA

•UMIST

•URENCO

•PPC/NAMD&RESD

•LABEIN

•14 PARTNERS,

•7 EU COUNTRIES

•INESC

EDP

http://www.microgrids.eu Budget: 4.5M€


“Large Scale Integration of Micro-Generation to Low Voltage Grids Contract : ENK5-CT-2002-00610

Budget: 8M€

MORE MICROGRIDS Project (FP6)


Objectives

– Sophisticated control techniques for Distributed

Generators and Load Controllers

– Study of integration of several Microgrids into

operation and development of the power system.

Interaction with DMS.

– Field trials to test control strategies on actual

Μicrogrids

– Quantification of Microgrids effects on Power

system operation and planning


7

Østkraft

@ FYROM (INCO)

8 Pilot sites

EC projects MORE, PV-Mode, More Microgrids)

Kythnos (Gaidouromandra) Microgrid

Philipp

Strauss

Next generation Sunny Island

inverters, to deal with islanded mode

Intelligent Load Controllers

Monitoring: Data logging equipment

Off-grid settlement, 12 houses

Generation:

5 PV units connected via

standard grid-tied inverters.

A 9 kVA diesel genset (for

back-up).

Storage:

Battery (60 Volt, 52 kWh)

through 3 bi-directional

inverters operating in parallel.

Flexible Loads:

1-2 kW irrigation pumps at

each house

.

DOE MICROGRID WORKSHOP,IIT Galvin Center for Electricity Innovation, Chicago, July 30-31, 2012

• Test decentralized control in a real

environment with the aim to increase energy

efficiency

• Technical challenges of the Multi Agent

System – test negotiation process

• Test novel features in MAS implementation

including communication capabilities

• Test of new inverters

Technical Challenges


System House

Batteries

Wi-Fi

PV

Diesel

Step 1: The agents identify the status of the environment

Step 2: The agents negotiate on how the share the available energy

DOE MICROGRID WORKSHOP, IT Galvin Center for Electricity Innovation, Chicago, July 30-31, 2012

Intelligent Load Controllers

In each house an

ILC is installed:

• Windows CE 5.0

• Intel XscaleTM

PXA255

• 64MB of RAM

• 32MB FLASH

Memory

• Java VM

• Jade LEAP

The shedding procedures start later

In this case the frequency if almost 52Hz. This is an indication that the batteries are full and the PV inverters via the droop curves limit their production.

Technical Lessons learned • Fully satisfactory performance of the Load Controllers with

embedded processors to host the agents.

• Novel techniques successfully tested, such as: negotiation

algorithms, wireless communication, CIM based ontology etc...

• Key issue the communication among the Load controllers.

Problems in Wi-Fi (due to humidity) and in the PLC (system

frequency near 52Hz) affected the system although this did not

affect the citizens.

• The Java applications require

a lot of memory

• Architecture too complex for

such small systems, but

offering great scalability.

Non-technical lessons learned

• MAS for energy optimization provides a technical limitation and protection of

the system to prevent over-use. This helps to maintain the good relationships

between the neighbours.

• Importance of involving or at least explaining to users negotiation process to

equally share the available energy - development of demonstration software

• Only a few of the residents of the settlement are

interested. The rest expect the full benefits of the

interconnected system

• The technical and economical aspects of system

operation are evaluated positively: the system works

quite reliably, users pay regularly, the maintenance

and repairs of the system are well organized.


Potential for replication,

business case • Microgrids operation – the way to unlock the full benefits of DER in

isolated systems. The coordinated operation of several DGs and Loads

(Consumers) increases the efficiency and provide opportunities for better

network management.

• Decentralized MAS based control well suited to manage multitude of DERs

and flexible loads with conflicting objectives and different ownerships

• Decentralized control provides cheap solutions,

with low communication requirements,

without need for central operator

• The solution provides ‘plug and play’ capabilities

• The approach is suitable for large scale systems

The Bronsbergen Microgrid

Holiday park, Zutphen, NL

108 cottages with PV roofs

Installed solar power 315 kWp

Peak load 150 kW

Systems added:

Storage > Batteries + inverters

Control > MGCC and isolating CB

Monitoring > Battery mon. system

10 kV utility network

Dyn5400 kVA

630 A

200 A

LV feeder 1

200 A

LV feeder 2

200 A

LV feeder 3

200 A

LV feeder 4

batteryunit B

inverter B

batteryunit A

inverter A

automatic islanding and reconnection

switch

Objectives

1. Demonstrate stable islanded mode

2. Demonstrate automatic isolation from and reconnection to MV network

3. Demonstrate fault level sufficient to ride through MV fault and microgrid feeder

faults

4.Demonstrate reduced harmonic distortion, damping of resonances

5. Develop optimal energy management for service life optimization of battery

system

6. Demonstrate stable parallel operation of inverters

7. Black start demonstration

Technical challenges

Reduction of harmonics from PV systems

Microgrid-level island detection

Synchronizing the microgrid to the

public grid


Non-technical challenges

Avoiding annoyance to the residents of the

park during installation and operation

Obtaining civil and environmental

permissions for the test site

Scarcity of formally certified staff for

supervision on safety during work

and tests

Technical lessons learned

• Power Quality was the toughest problem: Resonances successfully

damped, but traditional harmonics were overlooked

• Monitoring of as many parameters as possible is key

• Our strategy for island detection on microgrid level needs refinement. It

works but is rather blunt

• Droop mode is a perfect way of operating inverters in a plug and play

manner.

• Black start capability relies on a

short-circuit proof inverter.

Ours did an excellent job.


Non-technical lessons learned • There was no space for a test shack or containers: We just

purchased one of the properties in the park and converted that

into a lab. Excellent choice both for staff and for avoiding

inconvenience to other residents

• Obtaining formal permissions takes at least a year

• Availability of qualified staff members has to be ensured from a

high level within the company

• Only a few of the residents in the park take interest. The rest

doesn’t want to be bothered

• A fine team is everything !


Potential for replication,

business case • Network companies are only starting to understand the technical

potential of “smart storage”

• Performance of the equipment in Bronsbergen has been well

received by Dutch network operators, a second project now in

preparation will use a similar set-up

• First applications are now seen as grid-connected units for load

levelling and power quality improvement. Business case follows

from savings on network upgrading and reduced network losses

• Islanded operation is not considered as a short-term benefit in the

Netherlands because of high availability of the public network.

This may be viewed differently in other countries


Economic

Benefits

Environmental

Benefits

Technical

BenefitsPeak Load

Shaving

Local Market

Value

Voltage

Regulation

Energy

Loss

Reduction

Reliability

Enhacement

Aggregation

Platform Value

Network

Hedging Value

GHG Reduction

Consumer

Micro-

SourceDSO

Microgrid Benefits by Criteria & Recipient

Identification of Microgrid benefits is a

multi-objective and multi-party coordination task

European Network Data

•Germany •Denmark

•Greece

Italy

Portugal,

rural UK

Poland

the Netherlands

FYROM

Portugal,

urban

RES and CHP

Energy in

Annual Local

Microgrid

Demand

Microgrid Dissemination Ratio in National Grids

Typical Microgrid Buildups for 2010,

2020, 2030, and 2040 Annual RES&CHP Share in Micogrid Local Energy Consumption

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

DE_U DE_R DK_U DK_R GR_U GR_R IT_U IT_R MA_U MA_R NL_U NL_R PL_U PL_R PT_U PT_R UK_U UK_R

2010

2020

2030

2040

Micogrid Dissemination Ratio in National Grid

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

DE_P DE_O DK_P DK_O GR_P GR_O IT_P IT_O MA_P MA_O NL_P NL_O PL_P PL_O PT_P PT_O UK_P UK_O

2010

2020

2030

2040

Summary of Technical Benefits from Microgrid

– ideal MS allocation

- A Microgrid could potentially offer (90% self supply): Energy loss reduction (~70% ± 20% loss reduction)

Mitigation of voltage variation (~50% ± 15% voltage regulation credit)

Peak loading (congestion) relief (~40% ± 12% peak reduction credit)

Reliability improvement

• Technical benefits can be either traded in a local service market between

MS and DSO or implemented as price signals

• Needs to achieve expected technical benefits:

Optimum dimensioning and allocation of Micro Sources

Coordinated multi-unit MS dispatch based on real time grid condition

Summary of Economic Benefits

A Microgrid could potentially offer (90% self supply):

Price reduction for end consumers (~35 ± 25 €/MWh maximum total

consumer benefit)

Revenue increment for Micro Sources (~60 ± 30 €/MWh maximum total

MS benefit)

Investment deferral for Distribution System Operators

Suggestions to achieve expected economic benefits:

Recognition of local (‘over-the-grid’) energy trading within a

Microgrid

Application of real-time import and export prices for Microgrids

RES support scheme and favorable tariffs (optional)

Summary of Environmental and

Social Benefits

Main environmental benefits:

Shift toward renewable or low-emission fuels used by internal

MS

Adoption of more energy efficient technologies such as CHP

Main social benefits:

Raise public awareness and foster incentive for energy saving

and GHG emission reduction

Creation of new research and job opportunities

Electrification of remote or underdeveloped areas

EU SmartGrids TP

eu microgrids projects - e2rge2rg.com/microgrid-2012/int'l_greece_hatziargyriou.pdf · doe...

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