ethnobotanical study and floristic diversity of …

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Pilania et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

ETHNOBOTANICAL STUDY AND FLORISTIC DIVERSITY OF

WESTERN HARYANA OF NORTH INDIA

P.K. Pilania*, Nishtha and Shampa Choudhary

*Depatment of Biosciences, University Institute of Biotechnology- Chandigarh University.

ABSTRACT

The present study was conducted to assess the ethnobotany and

floristic diversity of western parts of Haryana. Sirsa, Hisar and

Fatehabad were explored and 79 sepcies belonging to 72 genera and 43

families were identified with their medicinal importance. Out of 79

species 3 belong to monocot and 76 belong to dicotyledonous

taxonomic category. Plant species were recorded consists of herbs

(56.9%), shrubs (13.9%), trees (24%) and climbers (5%). Among all

the families, Fabaceae (7 genera and 8 species), Asteraceae (5 genera

and species each), Amaranthaceae (4 genera and 5 species) and

Euphorbiaceae (4 genera and 6 species) were dominating the area.

These plants are utilised for treating a range of ailments by local folk. Parts especially leaves

are most commonly exploited for their medicinal uses. The present findings could be

supportive in appropriate knowledge and in conservation of natural flora diversity for

potential drug discovery.

KEYWORD: Ethnobotany, Floristic Diversity, Conservation, Haryana.

INTRODUCTION

The survival of human beings dependents on plants as they fulfil the requirement of food,

clothes, fuel, medicines, timber and important ecological services.[1]

There is universal

exercise to use wild plants as remedy and medicines by local population in their tradition.[2]

According to World Health Organisation nearly 80% of the world developing nations

including India are still relies on traditional medicines for their prime health care

requirements.[3]

WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

SJIF Impact Factor 7.632

Volume 10, Issue 10, 1344-1356 Research Article ISSN 2278 – 4357

*Corresponding Author

Dr. P.K. Pilania

*Depatment of Biosciences,

University Institute of

Biotechnology- Chandigarh

University.

Article Received on

26 July 2021,

Revised on 16 August 2021,

Accepted on 06 Sept. 2021

DOI: 10.20959/wjpps202110-20154


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Ethnobotany is the branch of science which deals with the people and plants and their

relationships; more precisely it represented first relationship between wild plants and local

population and tribals.[4]

The ethanobotany is capable to provide absolute information

concerning plants and their medicinal and pharmacological uses.[5]

Ethnobotanical study are

significant in highlighting locally vital plant species, sporadically leading to the improvement

and designing of new drugs.[6],[7]

The utilization of plants for medicinal uses in India has been well-known in ancient

literatures since these are vital for human existence.[8]

The prime evidence of remedial plants

were recognized and documented in Rig Veda (4500–1600BC) as well as Ayurveda (2500–

600BC).[9]

The National Medicinal Plants Board (Govt. of India) declared that about 17,000

to 18,000 species of flower producing plants were accepted, out of them 6,000 to 7,000

species are medicinal significant and recognized in a variety of systems of medicine such as

Unani, Ayurveda, Homoeopathy and Siddha.[10]

Human activities have caused the great thrashing of plant resources due to regular

exploitation in the form of grazing of cattels, fuel-wood and timber collection. Many

medicinal plants face risk of extinction.[11]

It becomes very significant to survey and text the

floristic diversity and ethnobotany of valuable medicinal plant on earth.

Keeping within the vision the above aspects the study of floristic diversity and ethnobotany

of different cities has been conducted to analyse and documentation of floral wealth of

western Haryana, India.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Study area

For the present study Sirsa, Hisar and Fatehabad of Haryana state were selected. Temperature

varies from 4 to 48 °C. Rain fall is scanty mainly in month of July and August. These areas

have semiarid as well as tropical climatic conditions. The area of investigation was disturbed

into various regions for the systematic study. Throughout survey, the study was made on

floral diversity and the plants were segregated into herbs, shrubs and trees.[12-13]

The field

surveys were conducted in the selected areas throughout the year in every season by regular

visits of field in order to attain extreme account of diverse species of plant in the year of June

2020 to May 2021. The identification of floral species was done using keys to different flora

onsite and a number of important parts of the various plant species were brought to the


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laboratory for its additional reconfirmation.[14-15]

The information was obtained through

informal discussion and interview. Majority of ethnobotanical data was collected from local

people, herbal practitioners and farmers living in the study area. The old age group people

had shared most of the data that have a long association with plants. The medicinally

significant plant parts and their utilities were cross checked from accessible literature.

RESULT

During the survey about 79 plant species were collected and documented. The information

related to scientific nomenclature of floral species, their families, habit and vernacular name

is provided in Table 1. 72 genera belonging to 43 families were identified with their

medicinal importance. 3 species belong to monocot and 76 belong to dicotyledonous

taxonomic category. All the species were divided habit wise. Out of 79 species (Fig. 1) the

herbs were 56.9%, shrubs (13.9%), trees (24%) and climbers (5%). Among all the families,

Fabaceae (7 genera and 8 species), Asteraceae (5 genera and species each), Amaranthaceae (4

genera and 5 species) and Euphorbiaceae (4 genera and 6 species) were dominating the area.

Out of 43 families 28 families were associated with single genus and 9 families were

associated with 2 genera each. Table 2 represents the data regarding part used and their

traditional medicinal uses.

Table 1: Floral diversity of the studied area.

Sr. no. Scientific name Vernacular name Family Habit

1 Abelmoschus moschatus L. Musk dana Malvaceae Herb

2 Abrus precatorius L. Ratti/ Chirmati Fabaceae Climber

3 Abutilon indicum(L.)Sweet Kanghi Malvaceae Shrub

4 Acacia nilotica (Linn.) Willd. Kikar, Babool Fabaceae Tree

5 Achyranthes aspera L. Ultakanta/ kutri Amaranthaceae Herb

6 Acmella ciliata Kunth. Akarkara Asteraceae Herb

7 Aegle marmelos (L.) Corre'a. Bel patra Rutaceae Tree

8 Ageratum conyzoides Linn. Janglip Udina Asteraceae Herb

9 Albizia Lebbek (Linn.) Willd. Siris, Sireen Fabaceae Tree

10 Alternanther apungens H.B.and K Khaki weed Amaranthaceae Herb

11 Amaranthus viridis L. Chaulai Amaranthaceae Herb

12 Amarantus spinosus L. Kanta chaulai Amaranthaceae Herb

13 Anagalis arvensis L. Jonkmari Primulaceae Herb

14 Argemone maxicana L. Satynasi/ Pilibutti Papaveraceae Herb

15 Asparagus racemosus (Willd.) Shatavari Asparagaceae Herb

16 Azadirachta indica A.Juss. Neem Meliaceae Tree

17 Barleria cristata L. Kala Bansa Acanthaceae Shrub

18 Barleria prionites L. Pila bansa Acanthaceae Herb

19 Bauhinia purpurea L. Khairwal Caesalpiniaceae Tree


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20 Boerhaavia diffusa L. Santi/ Punarnava Nyctiginaceae Herb

21 Calotropis procera (Aiton) Dryand. Aak Asclepiadaceae Shrub

22 Cannabis sativa L. Baang Cannabinaceae Herb

23 Capparis decidua (Forssk.) Edgew. Kair Capparidaceae Shrub

24 Carissa canandas L. Karaunda Apocyanaceae Shrub

25 Cassia fistula L. Amaltas Fabaceae Tree

26 Cassia occidentalis L. Coffee weed Caesalpiniaceae Shrub

27 Cassia tora L. Panwad Fabaceae Herb

28 Chenopodium album L. Bathua Chenopodiaceae Herb

29 Chenopodium murale L. Kharthua Chenopodiaceae Herb

30 Coccinia grandis(L.) J.Voigt Ram kachri/ Chibaad Cucurbitaceae Climber

31 Cocculus hirsutus(L.)W. Theob. Jaljamanti Menispermiaceae Climber

32 Commelina benghalensis L. Kana Commelinaceae Herb

33 Cordia dichotoma G.Frost. Lasora, Tenti Boranginaceae Tree

34 Coronopus didymus L. Pit papra Brassicaceae Herb

35 Croton bonplandium Baill. Jamal- ghota Euphorbiaceae Herb

36 Cucumis callosus (Rottb.) Kharbooza Cucurbitaceae Climber

37 Cynodon dactylon (Linn.) Pers. Doob Poaceae Herb

38 Dalbergia sissoo DC Shisham Fabaceae Tree

39 Datura stramonium L. Dhatura Solanaceae Herb

40 Desmodium triflorum (L.)DC Kudaliya Fabaceae Herb

41 Digera muricata (L.) Mart. Kundra / Tartara Amaranthaceae Herb

42 Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. Bhringraj Asteraceae Herb

43 Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms Jal kumni Pontederiaceae Herb

44 Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. Safeda Myrtaceae Tree

45 Euphorbia hirta L. Dudhi Euphorbiaceae Herb

46 Euphorbia prostrata L. Dudhi Euphorbiaceae Herb

47 Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. Ex. Kotz. Lalpatta Euphorbiaceae Shrub

48 Ficus benghalensis L. Bad Moraceae Tree

49 Ficus racemosa L. Gullar Moraceae Tree

50 Fumaria indica (Hausskn.) Pugsley Shastra papra Fumariaceae Herb

51 Gnaphalium indicum L. Gaadi / Raksha Asteraceae Herb

52 Indigofera linnaei Ali Leel Fabaceae Herb

53 Ipomea obscura L. Pan bel Convolvulaceae Herb

54 Lathyrus aphaca L. Jangli matter Leguminosae Herb

55 Launaea procumbens (Roxb.) Jangli gobi Asteraceae Herb

56 Lawsonia inermis L. Hina Lythraceae Shrub

57 Leucas cephhalotes Roth. Guma Lamiaceae Herb

58 Melia azedarach Linn. Bakain Meliaceae Tree

59 Morus alba L. Tut,Tutri Moraceae Tree

60 Morus alba Linn. Tutri Moraceae Tree

61 Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viv. Jungli Tambakhu Solanaceae Herb

62 Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw. Nagphan Cactaceae Shrub

63 Oxalis corniculata L. Amrul Oxalidaceae Herb

64 Pedalium murex L. Bada Ghokhru Pedaliaceae Herb

65 Perotis indica L. (Kuntze.) Kuras Poaceae Herb

66 Phalaris minor Retz. Guli danda Poaceae Herb


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67 Phylanthus emblica Linn. Amla Phyllanthaceae Tree

68 Phyllanthus asparulatus Hutch. Bhumi Amla Euphorbiaceae Herb

69 Polygonum glabrum Willd. Bonriya ghehu Polygonaceae Herb

70 Putranjiva roxburghii Wall. Putravati Euphorbiaceae Tree

71 Rumex dentatus L. Jungli Palak Polygonaceae Herb

72 Salvadora oleoides Decne. Jaal Salvadoraceae Tree

73 Sesamum indicum L. Til Pedaliaceae Herb

74 Shorea robusta Roth Sal Dipterocarpaceae Tree

75 Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Jamun Myrtaceae Tree

76 Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) K.Schum. Pila Kaner Apocyanaceae Shrub

77 Trianthema portulacastrum L. Santhi Aizoaceae Herb

78 Tribulus terrestris L. Chhota Ghokhru Zygophyllaceae Herb

79 Ziziphus jujuba Lam. Ber Rhamnaceae Shrub

Table 2: List of medicinal plants and their parts utilized for treating human diseases in

the study area.

Sr.

no. Scientific name Part used Traditional importance

1 Abelmoschus

moschatus S,L,R

Antidote against snake bites.

Seed oil used in perfume industry, in coffee flavour.

2 Abrus

precatorius S,R

Seeds used to boost nervous system

Paste to cure joints pain

Root decoction used to treat cold and cough

3 Abutilon

indicum R,L,F

Root powder used to cure chest infection and fever

Leaf juice used to cure kidney stone

Dry leaf powder used to treat cattle diarrhoea

Demulcent, aphrodisiac, laxative, tonic,diuretic

4 Acacia nilotica Sb

Bark decoction for gargle

Pods in Urinogenital diseases

Young twigs are chewed as toothbrush

5 Achyranthes

aspera R,S,Fl,F

Decoction of whole plant is utilised in pnuemonia, cold cough

Flowers and seed have antivenom properties

Tender leaf substitute spinach

Leaves to treat dropsy, cholera, skin diseases and rabies.

Roots are astringent, diuretic and antispasmodic.

Plant juice applicable in treatment of boils and diarrhoea

6 Acmella ciliata S,L,R Aphrodisiac, antimicrobial, heat protective and diuretic.

Used to treat scurvey, toothache and gastrointestinal problems

7 Aegle marmelos F,L

Fruit juice have cooling effect

Cure chronic dysentry and other stomah disorders

Leaf juice cure gastric problems and diarrhoea

8 Ageratum

conyzoides L

Plant paste used for healing wound, chest and muscular pain

Plant juice is used as health tonic and also to treat urinary disorders

Paste of leaves used to remove skin thorns.

Flower heads used to treat coughs and colds.

Plant juice of plant used to treat constipation, eczema and headaches.


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Fresh plant is used in hair wash, to treat dandruff

9 Albizia Lebbek Sb Bark extract of stem used to cure eye irritation, bronchitis and piles

10 Alternanther

apungens P

Diuretic plant

Plant decoction used to cure gonorrhoea

11 Amaranthus

viridis Fl

Leafs used as a source of iron in vegetables

Antivenom properties against scorpion and snake bite

Plant decoction is used to stop dysentery and in blood purification

Root juice used in treatment of constipation and in dysentery

Leaves are used to treat boils, gonorrhoea and haemorrhoids

Leaves sap used as eye wash and to cure eye infections

12 Amarantus

spinosus S,R

Seeds paste used to cure broken bones

Seeds used to cure internal bleeding, mensuration and diarrhoea

Root sap is used to treat opthalmia, fevers, diarrhoea and toothache

13 Anagalis

arvensis P

Plant used to treat hydrophobia, leprosy, nervous disorders

Used to expel out leeches from nostrils from cattels

14 Argemone

maxicana P,F

Plant decoction can treat liver disorders and jaundice

Flowers sap used to cure cough

Latex used for skin problems and healing wound

Plant is analgesic, emetic, antispasmodic and depurative

Flowers used to treat epilesy, cancer and coughs

15 Asparagus

racemosus R

Traditional ayurvedic medicine

Root extract to cure reproductive and hormonal complaints in women

16 Azadirachta

indica L,S,Sb,F

Leaf paste used to treat small pox, rheumatism and skin diseases

Young twigs are used as toothbrush mainly in pyorrhea

Leaf juice used as blood purifier

17 Barleria cristata P Inflammations, bronchitis, fever, blood diseases and asthma

18 Barleria

prionites L,R

Leaf and root useful in treatment of cough

Leaf prevent skin eczems and tooth problems

19 Bauhinia

purpurea Po,R,F,Sb

Bark fibre used in diarrhoea

Root are rich in carminative effect

Flower bud have antihelmenthic and laxative properties

20 Boerhaavia

diffusa P

Known as Punarnava for energetic effect

Decoction has diuretic, expectorant and laxative properties.

Cure eye disease, kidney stone, purify blood and liver disorder

Used as antidote for snake venom

Plant is purgative and emetic used to treat asthma and anaemia

21 Calotropis

procera R,F,L

Leaf and flower powder used to treat rhuematism

Paste of leaf used to cure leucoderma

Root ash used to remove pus

Leaf ash to cure cough and cold

22 Cannabis sativa L,Se Plant decoction used to cure asthma and dysentry

Sedative, hypnotic, narcotic and hypotensive effect

23 Capparis

decidua S,R,F,Fr

Toothache, gastric problem, bleeding piles

Swelling of rheumatic joints and asthma

24 Carissa

canandas Fr Intestinal worms and relieve fever

25 Cassia fistula Fr,Se Decoction of ripe fruit used to treat cough, cold and asthma

Seed known to cure constipation and blood purification


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26 Cassia

occidentalis R,L,Se

Dried, roasted, grounded seeds powder used as a coffee substitute

Plant is diuretic

Hot extract of plant gragled to cure throat troubles

Plant ash rubbed on areas of leishmaniasis and eczema

27 Cassia tora L,Se Leaf paste have purgative effect

Seed used to treat inflammation and other fungal infection

28 Chenopodium

album P

Good source of iron and vitamin A

Laxative and antihelmenthic

Root used for liver infection and jaundice

29 Chenopodium

murale P

Paste of leaf and stem applied to joint and back as pain reliever

Used as vegetable

Used to prevent cold and cough during winter if leaf taken with gur

30 Coccinia

grandis L,R,Fr

Leaf juice used to cure ulcer

Raw fruit consumed as vegetable

Root decoction known to cure sore throat and useful in diabetes

Roots sap used to treat joint pain diabetes and gonorrhoea

Paste of fresh leaves applied over skin to treat scabies

Juice of stem is dripped into eyes to cure cataracts

Fruit directly used as eye medicine

31 Cocculus

hirsutus R,L

Root known as good pain killer for body

Leaf paste used for skin problem and scorpion sting

Decoction of leaf used to cure leukaemia and eczema

32 Commelina

benghalensis P

Decoction of whole plant known to cure dysentery

Having laxative, emollient and demulcent effect

Paste is applied for aches and swelling

33 Cordia

dichotoma L,Sb,Fr

Juice of the bark along with coconut milk relieves severe colic

Bark used to rub teeth to strengthen them

Decoction of leaves used in cough and cold

34 Coronopus

didymus L Used for asthma and bronchitis

35 Croton

bonplandium L,S,Se

Used for constipation, skin ailments, scabies, allergy

Dry leaf powder with reetha and amla used to wash hair

Leaf juice directly can be used for healthy hair

Used as both fuel and detergent

Stems and branches are used as fuel

Paste of leaves applied for skin diseases

36 Cucumis

callosus F,Se

Fruits are edible, sweet and juicy, used as cleanser/skin moisturiser

Used in treatment of burns and abrasions

Seed oil is edible and used as a skin conditioner

37 Cynodon

dactylon P

Plant decoction used to keep body cool

Plant juice is diuretic, antiallergic and regulates menstrual cycle

Rhizomes used in genito-urinary troubles

38 Dalbergia sissoo L,F

Heart wood good for making door, household furniture

Leaf paste have cooling effect on sunburn

Leaves used in Thandai in summer

Leaf known to treat urinogenital problems specially gonorrhoea

39 Datura

stramonium L,F,Se

Have narcotic effect, used in drug

Hallucinogenic so used for nervous disorders


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Seed used for abortion, if used in limited amount

Seed paste in mustard treat skin itching and wound

Entire plant is used in asthma and parkinson's disease

Infusion of leaves and roots used against veneral disease

Leaf sap relieves headaches

Warm leaves and roots used as bandage to goitre

Leaves and seeds are eaten to treat ringworm

40 Desmodium

triflorum P

Entire plant is antipyretic, antiseptic, expectorant.

Decoction is to cure diarrhoea and dysentry

41 Digera muricata P

Fresh leaf is condsumed as vegetable as source of iron and vitamins

Flower and seed used in urinary discharge and removes blockages

Leaf used to stop bleeding, burning, sensation and itching

42 Eclipta alba P

Leaf powder used for blackening of hair

Constituent of many hair oil

Leaf decoction relive headache

Good tonic and antiseptic

Leaves used to get rid of ectoparasites in dogs and cattles

43 Eichhornia

crassipes F,P

Plant grown in waste water drainage to dry it

Inflorescence is beautiful, used as pot herb

44 Eucalyptus

camaldulensis L& Gum

Vapours from boiled leaves used I congestions of the throat

Source of red gum

Used in diarrhoea and relaxed throats

45 Euphorbia hirta P Itching, Inflammation, Asthma, Pneumonia and Diarrhea

46 Euphorbia

prostrata P Diarrhoea

47 Euphorbia

pulcherrima P Arthritis, Rheumatoid

48 Ficus

benghalensis P,Fr,L

Fruit used raw

Prop root used in many urinogenital problems

Bark applied on wound

Gum have emollient property

49 Ficus racemosa Fr,Se

Fruit is good source of many minerals

Bark is powdered to treat diabetes, leucorrhoea and leprosy

Fruit used to balance hormonal fluctuation

It has aphrodisiac and carminative properties

50 Fumaria indica S

Fresh plant juice with black pepper purifies blood

Have antipyretic and anti-vomiting properties

Shoot juice cures diarrhoea

51 Gnaphalium

indicum P

Good healer and swelling remover

Helps to rejoin bone if fractured

Leaves edible

52 Indigofera

linnaei L

Juice of plant used as diuretic and antiscorbutic

Applied for burn and epilepsy

53 Ipomea obscura L,R

Leaf sap used to treat fits of insanity

Paste of leaves applied to open sores and pustules

Powdered leaves used to treat aphthae

Root decoction is drunk against dysentry

54 Lathyrus aphaca Se Ripe seed are narcotic, antibacterial, used to treat toothache


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Black dye obtained from plant when iron used as mordant

55 Launaea

procumbens L

Leaves used for treatment of fever, cancer and swellings

Leaf juice used in jaundice, kidney disorder and gonorrhoea

56 Lawsonia

inermis L,Fr

Have cooling effect

Leaf provide stain so applied on hand in rituals like marriage

Fruit paste applied on skin burn and sun burn

57 Leucas

cephhalotes P

Plant decoction used for cough, malarial fever and snake bite

Concentrated extract of leaves used as antihelminthic in children.

Flowers mixed in honey used as domestic remedy for cough

58 Melia azedarach L,Fr,Se&

Gum

Decoction from leaves and fruit as blood purifier and to cure acne

Gum collected from tree used in spleen enlargement

Seeds oil used for soap and hair oils

59 Morus alba Fr,Se

Fruit are edible and good sources of vitamin and many minerals

Fruit used to cure sore throat, dyspepsia and melancholia

Leaf are food for silkworm

60 Morus alba L,Fr

Fruit are edible and good sources of vitamin and many minerals

Fruit used to cure sore throat, dyspepsia and melancholia

Leaf are food for silkworm

61 Nicotiana

plumbaginifolia R,L

Leaf as a substitute of tambhakhu having little narcotic value

Used to cure cuts, wounds and toothache

62 Opuntia

dillenii P Asthma, tuberculosis, gonorrhea, skin tumors and skin boils

63 Oxalis

corniculata L,F

Different types of dyes are obtained from flower

Fresh leaves extract applied to insect bites and skin eruptions.

64 Pedalium

murex L,F

Leaf used as fodder for cattle

Fruit having little aphrodisiac property

Leaf decoction used to cure diabetes

65 Perotis

indica P Used as fodder and folk medicine

66 Phalaris

minor S Fodder to livestock and birdseed, but poisonous to some mammals

67 Phylanthus

emblica Fr

Dry fruits powder is taken with milk to improve immunity

Also treat asthma, cough, constipation

Ripe fruits used in pickles

Juice used for sharpness of eyesight, jaundice and hair growth

68 Phyllanthus

asparulatus L Stomach ache and Jaundice

69 Polygonum

glabrum L New branches used for dispelling fever and colic complaint

70 Putranjiva

roxburghii L,Fr Uterus weakness and pyrexia

71 Rumex

dentatus P

Used as fodder for cattle

Leaf extract known to cure mouth sore and insect bite

Root in dried powder form taken to cure constipation

Seeds help in post delivery recovery

Used to treat constipation in livestock

Have antibacterial and antioxidant activities

72 Salvadora L,Fr Fruits are good source of many important mineral and water


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oleoides Leaves are best fodder for camel in desert

73 Sesamum

indicum P

Edible oil of seeds and used in salad and cooking

Decoctio of root is helpful in asthma and coughs

Flowers used to make emollient tea

74 Shorea

robusta Sb&Gum

Bark powder taken with milk to treat tonsils and throat pain

Gum are given to treat calf dysentery

75 Syzygium

cumini Se,Sb

Seed powder taken with curd to treat diabetes

Ripe fruits are eaten to treat indigestion due to mango

76 Thevetia

peruviana S,R Treatment of skin boils or ringworms.

77 Trianthema

portulacastrum P

Bronchitis, heart diseases, blood diseases, piles and ascites

Used to treat liver complaints, relieve asthma and amenorrhoea

Decoction of powdered roots consumed to trear venereal discharge

Fresh fleshy leaves used for wound dressing

Decoction of herb used as vermifuge

78 Tribulus

terrestris F,Fr,L

Flowers and fruit have aphrodisiac properties

Leaf utilised as cattle feed

Used as diuretic, against colic pain and hypertension

Entire plant and fruits are used to cure urinary diseases

79 Ziziphus

jujuba Fr,L

Fruit are nutritious

Goat are fond to eat leaves

Note: P=Whole plant, S= Stem, L= Leaf, R=Root, F= Fruit, Fl= Flower, Se= Seeds, Po= Pods, Sb= Stem

Bark

Fig.1 Percentage of Different habits.

DISCUSSION

Present study exposed that Fabaceae being the most dominating family is represented by

seven genera and eight species, followed by Asteraceae and Amaranthaceae with five and

four genera and five species each respectively. All other families represented by single and

double genera with species. With the aid of these plants species a wide range of universal


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ailments like ulcer, skin diseases, rheumatism, indigestion, respiratory diseases, etc., are

cured. Larger parts of the uses are in the form of juice extracted from the freshly collected

plant fractions are taken orally.[16]

The herbal medicines are also suitable to the cultural and

social needs of the local population and also influence the patient’s mental and physical states

as well. The natural herbal drugs prepared with the traditional methods through grinding and

mixing procedure conserves the natural substances within it without losing any vital

constituent and maintains the purity and activity of the drug.

Parts especially leaves are most commonly exploited for their medicinal uses. The leaves are

the chief photosynthetic organs which might be liable for medicinal values.[17-18]

Indigenous

communities are utilizing mostly the leaves for herbal medicines all over the world.[19]

Collection of leaves and then utilizing them as medicine is much easy as compared to other

parts of plants.[20-21]

Additional cause of using leaves could be conservation of the plants as

digging out the roots might cause death of the plant.[22-24]

With the aid of medicinal plants

several human ailments like blood diseases, asthma, cough, cold, constipation, kidney

problems and stones etc can be cured. The information gathered from the study for the use of

medicinal plants by the local population need, a thorough phytochemical investigation. This

could help in mass awareness regarding their conservation and promotion of ethno-medico-

botany knowledge.[25]

CONCLUSION

The present study reveals that the plants are still an important source of medicine for the local

population of the study area. These plants are used to treat many health problems. The

information provided could be useful for in the field of ethnobotany, pharmacology and

taxonomy. The modern generation is focused towards the utilization of allopathic medicines

and traditional information of medicinal plant could be lost in future. The documentation and

awareness about the medicinal plant wealth and their medicinal values will help in the

preservation of plant wealth and traditional knowledge of medicinal practices.

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Studies On Some Parts Of Southern Haryana –I: Bhiwani District. Bull. Env. Pharmacol.

Life Sci., 2017; 6(2): 16-23.


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