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ETHNOBOTANICAL STUDY AND FLORISTIC DIVERSITY OF
WESTERN HARYANA OF NORTH INDIA
P.K. Pilania*, Nishtha and Shampa Choudhary
*Depatment of Biosciences, University Institute of Biotechnology- Chandigarh University.
ABSTRACT
The present study was conducted to assess the ethnobotany and
floristic diversity of western parts of Haryana. Sirsa, Hisar and
Fatehabad were explored and 79 sepcies belonging to 72 genera and 43
families were identified with their medicinal importance. Out of 79
species 3 belong to monocot and 76 belong to dicotyledonous
taxonomic category. Plant species were recorded consists of herbs
(56.9%), shrubs (13.9%), trees (24%) and climbers (5%). Among all
the families, Fabaceae (7 genera and 8 species), Asteraceae (5 genera
and species each), Amaranthaceae (4 genera and 5 species) and
Euphorbiaceae (4 genera and 6 species) were dominating the area.
These plants are utilised for treating a range of ailments by local folk. Parts especially leaves
are most commonly exploited for their medicinal uses. The present findings could be
supportive in appropriate knowledge and in conservation of natural flora diversity for
potential drug discovery.
KEYWORD: Ethnobotany, Floristic Diversity, Conservation, Haryana.
INTRODUCTION
The survival of human beings dependents on plants as they fulfil the requirement of food,
clothes, fuel, medicines, timber and important ecological services.[1]
There is universal
exercise to use wild plants as remedy and medicines by local population in their tradition.[2]
According to World Health Organisation nearly 80% of the world developing nations
including India are still relies on traditional medicines for their prime health care
requirements.[3]
WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
SJIF Impact Factor 7.632
Volume 10, Issue 10, 1344-1356 Research Article ISSN 2278 – 4357
*Corresponding Author
Dr. P.K. Pilania
*Depatment of Biosciences,
University Institute of
Biotechnology- Chandigarh
University.
Article Received on
26 July 2021,
Revised on 16 August 2021,
Accepted on 06 Sept. 2021
DOI: 10.20959/wjpps202110-20154
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Pilania et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Ethnobotany is the branch of science which deals with the people and plants and their
relationships; more precisely it represented first relationship between wild plants and local
population and tribals.[4]
The ethanobotany is capable to provide absolute information
concerning plants and their medicinal and pharmacological uses.[5]
Ethnobotanical study are
significant in highlighting locally vital plant species, sporadically leading to the improvement
and designing of new drugs.[6],[7]
The utilization of plants for medicinal uses in India has been well-known in ancient
literatures since these are vital for human existence.[8]
The prime evidence of remedial plants
were recognized and documented in Rig Veda (4500–1600BC) as well as Ayurveda (2500–
600BC).[9]
The National Medicinal Plants Board (Govt. of India) declared that about 17,000
to 18,000 species of flower producing plants were accepted, out of them 6,000 to 7,000
species are medicinal significant and recognized in a variety of systems of medicine such as
Unani, Ayurveda, Homoeopathy and Siddha.[10]
Human activities have caused the great thrashing of plant resources due to regular
exploitation in the form of grazing of cattels, fuel-wood and timber collection. Many
medicinal plants face risk of extinction.[11]
It becomes very significant to survey and text the
floristic diversity and ethnobotany of valuable medicinal plant on earth.
Keeping within the vision the above aspects the study of floristic diversity and ethnobotany
of different cities has been conducted to analyse and documentation of floral wealth of
western Haryana, India.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Study area
For the present study Sirsa, Hisar and Fatehabad of Haryana state were selected. Temperature
varies from 4 to 48 °C. Rain fall is scanty mainly in month of July and August. These areas
have semiarid as well as tropical climatic conditions. The area of investigation was disturbed
into various regions for the systematic study. Throughout survey, the study was made on
floral diversity and the plants were segregated into herbs, shrubs and trees.[12-13]
The field
surveys were conducted in the selected areas throughout the year in every season by regular
visits of field in order to attain extreme account of diverse species of plant in the year of June
2020 to May 2021. The identification of floral species was done using keys to different flora
onsite and a number of important parts of the various plant species were brought to the
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laboratory for its additional reconfirmation.[14-15]
The information was obtained through
informal discussion and interview. Majority of ethnobotanical data was collected from local
people, herbal practitioners and farmers living in the study area. The old age group people
had shared most of the data that have a long association with plants. The medicinally
significant plant parts and their utilities were cross checked from accessible literature.
RESULT
During the survey about 79 plant species were collected and documented. The information
related to scientific nomenclature of floral species, their families, habit and vernacular name
is provided in Table 1. 72 genera belonging to 43 families were identified with their
medicinal importance. 3 species belong to monocot and 76 belong to dicotyledonous
taxonomic category. All the species were divided habit wise. Out of 79 species (Fig. 1) the
herbs were 56.9%, shrubs (13.9%), trees (24%) and climbers (5%). Among all the families,
Fabaceae (7 genera and 8 species), Asteraceae (5 genera and species each), Amaranthaceae (4
genera and 5 species) and Euphorbiaceae (4 genera and 6 species) were dominating the area.
Out of 43 families 28 families were associated with single genus and 9 families were
associated with 2 genera each. Table 2 represents the data regarding part used and their
traditional medicinal uses.
Table 1: Floral diversity of the studied area.
Sr. no. Scientific name Vernacular name Family Habit
1 Abelmoschus moschatus L. Musk dana Malvaceae Herb
2 Abrus precatorius L. Ratti/ Chirmati Fabaceae Climber
3 Abutilon indicum(L.)Sweet Kanghi Malvaceae Shrub
4 Acacia nilotica (Linn.) Willd. Kikar, Babool Fabaceae Tree
5 Achyranthes aspera L. Ultakanta/ kutri Amaranthaceae Herb
6 Acmella ciliata Kunth. Akarkara Asteraceae Herb
7 Aegle marmelos (L.) Corre'a. Bel patra Rutaceae Tree
8 Ageratum conyzoides Linn. Janglip Udina Asteraceae Herb
9 Albizia Lebbek (Linn.) Willd. Siris, Sireen Fabaceae Tree
10 Alternanther apungens H.B.and K Khaki weed Amaranthaceae Herb
11 Amaranthus viridis L. Chaulai Amaranthaceae Herb
12 Amarantus spinosus L. Kanta chaulai Amaranthaceae Herb
13 Anagalis arvensis L. Jonkmari Primulaceae Herb
14 Argemone maxicana L. Satynasi/ Pilibutti Papaveraceae Herb
15 Asparagus racemosus (Willd.) Shatavari Asparagaceae Herb
16 Azadirachta indica A.Juss. Neem Meliaceae Tree
17 Barleria cristata L. Kala Bansa Acanthaceae Shrub
18 Barleria prionites L. Pila bansa Acanthaceae Herb
19 Bauhinia purpurea L. Khairwal Caesalpiniaceae Tree
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Sr. no. Scientific name Vernacular name Family Habit
20 Boerhaavia diffusa L. Santi/ Punarnava Nyctiginaceae Herb
21 Calotropis procera (Aiton) Dryand. Aak Asclepiadaceae Shrub
22 Cannabis sativa L. Baang Cannabinaceae Herb
23 Capparis decidua (Forssk.) Edgew. Kair Capparidaceae Shrub
24 Carissa canandas L. Karaunda Apocyanaceae Shrub
25 Cassia fistula L. Amaltas Fabaceae Tree
26 Cassia occidentalis L. Coffee weed Caesalpiniaceae Shrub
27 Cassia tora L. Panwad Fabaceae Herb
28 Chenopodium album L. Bathua Chenopodiaceae Herb
29 Chenopodium murale L. Kharthua Chenopodiaceae Herb
30 Coccinia grandis(L.) J.Voigt Ram kachri/ Chibaad Cucurbitaceae Climber
31 Cocculus hirsutus(L.)W. Theob. Jaljamanti Menispermiaceae Climber
32 Commelina benghalensis L. Kana Commelinaceae Herb
33 Cordia dichotoma G.Frost. Lasora, Tenti Boranginaceae Tree
34 Coronopus didymus L. Pit papra Brassicaceae Herb
35 Croton bonplandium Baill. Jamal- ghota Euphorbiaceae Herb
36 Cucumis callosus (Rottb.) Kharbooza Cucurbitaceae Climber
37 Cynodon dactylon (Linn.) Pers. Doob Poaceae Herb
38 Dalbergia sissoo DC Shisham Fabaceae Tree
39 Datura stramonium L. Dhatura Solanaceae Herb
40 Desmodium triflorum (L.)DC Kudaliya Fabaceae Herb
41 Digera muricata (L.) Mart. Kundra / Tartara Amaranthaceae Herb
42 Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. Bhringraj Asteraceae Herb
43 Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms Jal kumni Pontederiaceae Herb
44 Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. Safeda Myrtaceae Tree
45 Euphorbia hirta L. Dudhi Euphorbiaceae Herb
46 Euphorbia prostrata L. Dudhi Euphorbiaceae Herb
47 Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. Ex. Kotz. Lalpatta Euphorbiaceae Shrub
48 Ficus benghalensis L. Bad Moraceae Tree
49 Ficus racemosa L. Gullar Moraceae Tree
50 Fumaria indica (Hausskn.) Pugsley Shastra papra Fumariaceae Herb
51 Gnaphalium indicum L. Gaadi / Raksha Asteraceae Herb
52 Indigofera linnaei Ali Leel Fabaceae Herb
53 Ipomea obscura L. Pan bel Convolvulaceae Herb
54 Lathyrus aphaca L. Jangli matter Leguminosae Herb
55 Launaea procumbens (Roxb.) Jangli gobi Asteraceae Herb
56 Lawsonia inermis L. Hina Lythraceae Shrub
57 Leucas cephhalotes Roth. Guma Lamiaceae Herb
58 Melia azedarach Linn. Bakain Meliaceae Tree
59 Morus alba L. Tut,Tutri Moraceae Tree
60 Morus alba Linn. Tutri Moraceae Tree
61 Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viv. Jungli Tambakhu Solanaceae Herb
62 Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw. Nagphan Cactaceae Shrub
63 Oxalis corniculata L. Amrul Oxalidaceae Herb
64 Pedalium murex L. Bada Ghokhru Pedaliaceae Herb
65 Perotis indica L. (Kuntze.) Kuras Poaceae Herb
66 Phalaris minor Retz. Guli danda Poaceae Herb
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Sr. no. Scientific name Vernacular name Family Habit
67 Phylanthus emblica Linn. Amla Phyllanthaceae Tree
68 Phyllanthus asparulatus Hutch. Bhumi Amla Euphorbiaceae Herb
69 Polygonum glabrum Willd. Bonriya ghehu Polygonaceae Herb
70 Putranjiva roxburghii Wall. Putravati Euphorbiaceae Tree
71 Rumex dentatus L. Jungli Palak Polygonaceae Herb
72 Salvadora oleoides Decne. Jaal Salvadoraceae Tree
73 Sesamum indicum L. Til Pedaliaceae Herb
74 Shorea robusta Roth Sal Dipterocarpaceae Tree
75 Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Jamun Myrtaceae Tree
76 Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) K.Schum. Pila Kaner Apocyanaceae Shrub
77 Trianthema portulacastrum L. Santhi Aizoaceae Herb
78 Tribulus terrestris L. Chhota Ghokhru Zygophyllaceae Herb
79 Ziziphus jujuba Lam. Ber Rhamnaceae Shrub
Table 2: List of medicinal plants and their parts utilized for treating human diseases in
the study area.
Sr.
no. Scientific name Part used Traditional importance
1 Abelmoschus
moschatus S,L,R
Antidote against snake bites.
Seed oil used in perfume industry, in coffee flavour.
2 Abrus
precatorius S,R
Seeds used to boost nervous system
Paste to cure joints pain
Root decoction used to treat cold and cough
3 Abutilon
indicum R,L,F
Root powder used to cure chest infection and fever
Leaf juice used to cure kidney stone
Dry leaf powder used to treat cattle diarrhoea
Demulcent, aphrodisiac, laxative, tonic,diuretic
4 Acacia nilotica Sb
Bark decoction for gargle
Pods in Urinogenital diseases
Young twigs are chewed as toothbrush
5 Achyranthes
aspera R,S,Fl,F
Decoction of whole plant is utilised in pnuemonia, cold cough
Flowers and seed have antivenom properties
Tender leaf substitute spinach
Leaves to treat dropsy, cholera, skin diseases and rabies.
Roots are astringent, diuretic and antispasmodic.
Plant juice applicable in treatment of boils and diarrhoea
6 Acmella ciliata S,L,R Aphrodisiac, antimicrobial, heat protective and diuretic.
Used to treat scurvey, toothache and gastrointestinal problems
7 Aegle marmelos F,L
Fruit juice have cooling effect
Cure chronic dysentry and other stomah disorders
Leaf juice cure gastric problems and diarrhoea
8 Ageratum
conyzoides L
Plant paste used for healing wound, chest and muscular pain
Plant juice is used as health tonic and also to treat urinary disorders
Paste of leaves used to remove skin thorns.
Flower heads used to treat coughs and colds.
Plant juice of plant used to treat constipation, eczema and headaches.
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Fresh plant is used in hair wash, to treat dandruff
9 Albizia Lebbek Sb Bark extract of stem used to cure eye irritation, bronchitis and piles
10 Alternanther
apungens P
Diuretic plant
Plant decoction used to cure gonorrhoea
11 Amaranthus
viridis Fl
Leafs used as a source of iron in vegetables
Antivenom properties against scorpion and snake bite
Plant decoction is used to stop dysentery and in blood purification
Root juice used in treatment of constipation and in dysentery
Leaves are used to treat boils, gonorrhoea and haemorrhoids
Leaves sap used as eye wash and to cure eye infections
12 Amarantus
spinosus S,R
Seeds paste used to cure broken bones
Seeds used to cure internal bleeding, mensuration and diarrhoea
Root sap is used to treat opthalmia, fevers, diarrhoea and toothache
13 Anagalis
arvensis P
Plant used to treat hydrophobia, leprosy, nervous disorders
Used to expel out leeches from nostrils from cattels
14 Argemone
maxicana P,F
Plant decoction can treat liver disorders and jaundice
Flowers sap used to cure cough
Latex used for skin problems and healing wound
Plant is analgesic, emetic, antispasmodic and depurative
Flowers used to treat epilesy, cancer and coughs
15 Asparagus
racemosus R
Traditional ayurvedic medicine
Root extract to cure reproductive and hormonal complaints in women
16 Azadirachta
indica L,S,Sb,F
Leaf paste used to treat small pox, rheumatism and skin diseases
Young twigs are used as toothbrush mainly in pyorrhea
Leaf juice used as blood purifier
17 Barleria cristata P Inflammations, bronchitis, fever, blood diseases and asthma
18 Barleria
prionites L,R
Leaf and root useful in treatment of cough
Leaf prevent skin eczems and tooth problems
19 Bauhinia
purpurea Po,R,F,Sb
Bark fibre used in diarrhoea
Root are rich in carminative effect
Flower bud have antihelmenthic and laxative properties
20 Boerhaavia
diffusa P
Known as Punarnava for energetic effect
Decoction has diuretic, expectorant and laxative properties.
Cure eye disease, kidney stone, purify blood and liver disorder
Used as antidote for snake venom
Plant is purgative and emetic used to treat asthma and anaemia
21 Calotropis
procera R,F,L
Leaf and flower powder used to treat rhuematism
Paste of leaf used to cure leucoderma
Root ash used to remove pus
Leaf ash to cure cough and cold
22 Cannabis sativa L,Se Plant decoction used to cure asthma and dysentry
Sedative, hypnotic, narcotic and hypotensive effect
23 Capparis
decidua S,R,F,Fr
Toothache, gastric problem, bleeding piles
Swelling of rheumatic joints and asthma
24 Carissa
canandas Fr Intestinal worms and relieve fever
25 Cassia fistula Fr,Se Decoction of ripe fruit used to treat cough, cold and asthma
Seed known to cure constipation and blood purification
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26 Cassia
occidentalis R,L,Se
Dried, roasted, grounded seeds powder used as a coffee substitute
Plant is diuretic
Hot extract of plant gragled to cure throat troubles
Plant ash rubbed on areas of leishmaniasis and eczema
27 Cassia tora L,Se Leaf paste have purgative effect
Seed used to treat inflammation and other fungal infection
28 Chenopodium
album P
Good source of iron and vitamin A
Laxative and antihelmenthic
Root used for liver infection and jaundice
29 Chenopodium
murale P
Paste of leaf and stem applied to joint and back as pain reliever
Used as vegetable
Used to prevent cold and cough during winter if leaf taken with gur
30 Coccinia
grandis L,R,Fr
Leaf juice used to cure ulcer
Raw fruit consumed as vegetable
Root decoction known to cure sore throat and useful in diabetes
Roots sap used to treat joint pain diabetes and gonorrhoea
Paste of fresh leaves applied over skin to treat scabies
Juice of stem is dripped into eyes to cure cataracts
Fruit directly used as eye medicine
31 Cocculus
hirsutus R,L
Root known as good pain killer for body
Leaf paste used for skin problem and scorpion sting
Decoction of leaf used to cure leukaemia and eczema
32 Commelina
benghalensis P
Decoction of whole plant known to cure dysentery
Having laxative, emollient and demulcent effect
Paste is applied for aches and swelling
33 Cordia
dichotoma L,Sb,Fr
Juice of the bark along with coconut milk relieves severe colic
Bark used to rub teeth to strengthen them
Decoction of leaves used in cough and cold
34 Coronopus
didymus L Used for asthma and bronchitis
35 Croton
bonplandium L,S,Se
Used for constipation, skin ailments, scabies, allergy
Dry leaf powder with reetha and amla used to wash hair
Leaf juice directly can be used for healthy hair
Used as both fuel and detergent
Stems and branches are used as fuel
Paste of leaves applied for skin diseases
36 Cucumis
callosus F,Se
Fruits are edible, sweet and juicy, used as cleanser/skin moisturiser
Used in treatment of burns and abrasions
Seed oil is edible and used as a skin conditioner
37 Cynodon
dactylon P
Plant decoction used to keep body cool
Plant juice is diuretic, antiallergic and regulates menstrual cycle
Rhizomes used in genito-urinary troubles
38 Dalbergia sissoo L,F
Heart wood good for making door, household furniture
Leaf paste have cooling effect on sunburn
Leaves used in Thandai in summer
Leaf known to treat urinogenital problems specially gonorrhoea
39 Datura
stramonium L,F,Se
Have narcotic effect, used in drug
Hallucinogenic so used for nervous disorders
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Seed used for abortion, if used in limited amount
Seed paste in mustard treat skin itching and wound
Entire plant is used in asthma and parkinson's disease
Infusion of leaves and roots used against veneral disease
Leaf sap relieves headaches
Warm leaves and roots used as bandage to goitre
Leaves and seeds are eaten to treat ringworm
40 Desmodium
triflorum P
Entire plant is antipyretic, antiseptic, expectorant.
Decoction is to cure diarrhoea and dysentry
41 Digera muricata P
Fresh leaf is condsumed as vegetable as source of iron and vitamins
Flower and seed used in urinary discharge and removes blockages
Leaf used to stop bleeding, burning, sensation and itching
42 Eclipta alba P
Leaf powder used for blackening of hair
Constituent of many hair oil
Leaf decoction relive headache
Good tonic and antiseptic
Leaves used to get rid of ectoparasites in dogs and cattles
43 Eichhornia
crassipes F,P
Plant grown in waste water drainage to dry it
Inflorescence is beautiful, used as pot herb
44 Eucalyptus
camaldulensis L& Gum
Vapours from boiled leaves used I congestions of the throat
Source of red gum
Used in diarrhoea and relaxed throats
45 Euphorbia hirta P Itching, Inflammation, Asthma, Pneumonia and Diarrhea
46 Euphorbia
prostrata P Diarrhoea
47 Euphorbia
pulcherrima P Arthritis, Rheumatoid
48 Ficus
benghalensis P,Fr,L
Fruit used raw
Prop root used in many urinogenital problems
Bark applied on wound
Gum have emollient property
49 Ficus racemosa Fr,Se
Fruit is good source of many minerals
Bark is powdered to treat diabetes, leucorrhoea and leprosy
Fruit used to balance hormonal fluctuation
It has aphrodisiac and carminative properties
50 Fumaria indica S
Fresh plant juice with black pepper purifies blood
Have antipyretic and anti-vomiting properties
Shoot juice cures diarrhoea
51 Gnaphalium
indicum P
Good healer and swelling remover
Helps to rejoin bone if fractured
Leaves edible
52 Indigofera
linnaei L
Juice of plant used as diuretic and antiscorbutic
Applied for burn and epilepsy
53 Ipomea obscura L,R
Leaf sap used to treat fits of insanity
Paste of leaves applied to open sores and pustules
Powdered leaves used to treat aphthae
Root decoction is drunk against dysentry
54 Lathyrus aphaca Se Ripe seed are narcotic, antibacterial, used to treat toothache
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Black dye obtained from plant when iron used as mordant
55 Launaea
procumbens L
Leaves used for treatment of fever, cancer and swellings
Leaf juice used in jaundice, kidney disorder and gonorrhoea
56 Lawsonia
inermis L,Fr
Have cooling effect
Leaf provide stain so applied on hand in rituals like marriage
Fruit paste applied on skin burn and sun burn
57 Leucas
cephhalotes P
Plant decoction used for cough, malarial fever and snake bite
Concentrated extract of leaves used as antihelminthic in children.
Flowers mixed in honey used as domestic remedy for cough
58 Melia azedarach L,Fr,Se&
Gum
Decoction from leaves and fruit as blood purifier and to cure acne
Gum collected from tree used in spleen enlargement
Seeds oil used for soap and hair oils
59 Morus alba Fr,Se
Fruit are edible and good sources of vitamin and many minerals
Fruit used to cure sore throat, dyspepsia and melancholia
Leaf are food for silkworm
60 Morus alba L,Fr
Fruit are edible and good sources of vitamin and many minerals
Fruit used to cure sore throat, dyspepsia and melancholia
Leaf are food for silkworm
61 Nicotiana
plumbaginifolia R,L
Leaf as a substitute of tambhakhu having little narcotic value
Used to cure cuts, wounds and toothache
62 Opuntia
dillenii P Asthma, tuberculosis, gonorrhea, skin tumors and skin boils
63 Oxalis
corniculata L,F
Different types of dyes are obtained from flower
Fresh leaves extract applied to insect bites and skin eruptions.
64 Pedalium
murex L,F
Leaf used as fodder for cattle
Fruit having little aphrodisiac property
Leaf decoction used to cure diabetes
65 Perotis
indica P Used as fodder and folk medicine
66 Phalaris
minor S Fodder to livestock and birdseed, but poisonous to some mammals
67 Phylanthus
emblica Fr
Dry fruits powder is taken with milk to improve immunity
Also treat asthma, cough, constipation
Ripe fruits used in pickles
Juice used for sharpness of eyesight, jaundice and hair growth
68 Phyllanthus
asparulatus L Stomach ache and Jaundice
69 Polygonum
glabrum L New branches used for dispelling fever and colic complaint
70 Putranjiva
roxburghii L,Fr Uterus weakness and pyrexia
71 Rumex
dentatus P
Used as fodder for cattle
Leaf extract known to cure mouth sore and insect bite
Root in dried powder form taken to cure constipation
Seeds help in post delivery recovery
Used to treat constipation in livestock
Have antibacterial and antioxidant activities
72 Salvadora L,Fr Fruits are good source of many important mineral and water
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oleoides Leaves are best fodder for camel in desert
73 Sesamum
indicum P
Edible oil of seeds and used in salad and cooking
Decoctio of root is helpful in asthma and coughs
Flowers used to make emollient tea
74 Shorea
robusta Sb&Gum
Bark powder taken with milk to treat tonsils and throat pain
Gum are given to treat calf dysentery
75 Syzygium
cumini Se,Sb
Seed powder taken with curd to treat diabetes
Ripe fruits are eaten to treat indigestion due to mango
76 Thevetia
peruviana S,R Treatment of skin boils or ringworms.
77 Trianthema
portulacastrum P
Bronchitis, heart diseases, blood diseases, piles and ascites
Used to treat liver complaints, relieve asthma and amenorrhoea
Decoction of powdered roots consumed to trear venereal discharge
Fresh fleshy leaves used for wound dressing
Decoction of herb used as vermifuge
78 Tribulus
terrestris F,Fr,L
Flowers and fruit have aphrodisiac properties
Leaf utilised as cattle feed
Used as diuretic, against colic pain and hypertension
Entire plant and fruits are used to cure urinary diseases
79 Ziziphus
jujuba Fr,L
Fruit are nutritious
Goat are fond to eat leaves
Note: P=Whole plant, S= Stem, L= Leaf, R=Root, F= Fruit, Fl= Flower, Se= Seeds, Po= Pods, Sb= Stem
Bark
Fig.1 Percentage of Different habits.
DISCUSSION
Present study exposed that Fabaceae being the most dominating family is represented by
seven genera and eight species, followed by Asteraceae and Amaranthaceae with five and
four genera and five species each respectively. All other families represented by single and
double genera with species. With the aid of these plants species a wide range of universal
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ailments like ulcer, skin diseases, rheumatism, indigestion, respiratory diseases, etc., are
cured. Larger parts of the uses are in the form of juice extracted from the freshly collected
plant fractions are taken orally.[16]
The herbal medicines are also suitable to the cultural and
social needs of the local population and also influence the patient’s mental and physical states
as well. The natural herbal drugs prepared with the traditional methods through grinding and
mixing procedure conserves the natural substances within it without losing any vital
constituent and maintains the purity and activity of the drug.
Parts especially leaves are most commonly exploited for their medicinal uses. The leaves are
the chief photosynthetic organs which might be liable for medicinal values.[17-18]
Indigenous
communities are utilizing mostly the leaves for herbal medicines all over the world.[19]
Collection of leaves and then utilizing them as medicine is much easy as compared to other
parts of plants.[20-21]
Additional cause of using leaves could be conservation of the plants as
digging out the roots might cause death of the plant.[22-24]
With the aid of medicinal plants
several human ailments like blood diseases, asthma, cough, cold, constipation, kidney
problems and stones etc can be cured. The information gathered from the study for the use of
medicinal plants by the local population need, a thorough phytochemical investigation. This
could help in mass awareness regarding their conservation and promotion of ethno-medico-
botany knowledge.[25]
CONCLUSION
The present study reveals that the plants are still an important source of medicine for the local
population of the study area. These plants are used to treat many health problems. The
information provided could be useful for in the field of ethnobotany, pharmacology and
taxonomy. The modern generation is focused towards the utilization of allopathic medicines
and traditional information of medicinal plant could be lost in future. The documentation and
awareness about the medicinal plant wealth and their medicinal values will help in the
preservation of plant wealth and traditional knowledge of medicinal practices.
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