ETHNICITIES CHAPTER 7 Key Issue 4 p. 246 - 255

Explain the partition of India. Punjab Kashmir 1947 Partition British Hindu Muslim Sikh Pakistan Bangladesh

Fancy geography words you should use to be awesome. •  push/pull factors •  migration •  intra/inter regional •  international •  concentration •  distribution •  density •  state •  centripetal force •  nationalism

Explain the partition of India. The Partition of India began in 1947 , after independence from the British. The predominant Muslim regions became Pakistan and the Hindu regions, India. Large numbers of Muslims and Hindus were forced to migrate when borders were drawn. East Pakistan, with its large Muslim majority, became Bangladesh. Although the northern region of India was predominantly Muslim, Kashmir remains part of India, not Pakistan. The Sikhs were largely left out of nation-building, although they occupy the Punjab region in northeast India. The large waves of international migration occurred because of the strong centripetal forces of nationalism at work during the partition. Today, this has led to dense concentrations of Muslims in northern India – especially in the contentious Kashmir region.

Explain the partition of India. Punjab: Sikh region of NW India Kashmir: Muslim region of N India 1947: year of independence Partition: divide of India / Pakistan British: colonial power in South Asia Hindu: predominant in India Muslim: predominant in Pakistan and Bangladesh Sikh: dominant in Punjab region Pakistan: mostly Muslim Bangladesh: mostly Muslim

Thursday, January 11 Learning Objective I can describe the process of ethnic cleansing in the Balkans.

Vocabulary •  Balkanization •  Ethnic cleansing • Genocide

Label the countries of Southeastern Europe on the map at the bottom of the page.

Ethnic Cleansing •  Process in which a more powerful ethnic group

forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogenous region • Not just a war – the intent is the removal of every

member of the minority •  Example: Yugoslavia (Bosnia and Kosovo)

Multiethnic Yugoslavia •  SIG: the creation of Yugoslavia brought stability;

however rivalries among ethnicities began when independent countries formed in the 1990s

CENTRIPETAL FORCES CETNRIFUGAL FORCES

-  Strong leadership -  One currency and a

stable economy

-  Boundaries of counties did not match territory of ethnicities

-  Some ethnicities were not recognized as nationalities

Ethnic Cleansing in Bosnia •  SIG: Serbs & Croats engaged in ethnic cleansing of

Bosnian Muslims in order to create ethnically homogenous regions •  48% Bosnian Muslims (ethnicity, but not nationality) •  37% Serbs (united republic around nationality) •  14% Croats (united republic around nationality)

Demographics 48% Bosnian Muslims 37% Serbs 14% Croats

Control of Territory 25% Bosnian Muslims 50% Serbs 25% Croats

Balkanization •  The process by which a state breaks down through

conflicts among its ethnicities •  Example: Yugoslavia ! Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia &

Herzegovina, Serbia, Kosovo, Montenegro, Macedonia

Chapter 7: Key Issue 4 ✓ 1.  Define ethnic cleansing.

2.  Describe one centripetal force at work in the former Yugoslavia.

3.  Explain how ethnic cleansing was carried out in Bosnia & Herzegovina. (Who vs Who?)

4.  Explain how ethnic cleansing was carried out in Kosovo. (Who vs Who?)

5.  Define balkanization.

Chapter 7: Key Issue 4 ✓ 1.  Powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful

one to create a homogeneous region

2.  Strong leadership, one unit of currency, youth identified as Yugoslavs

3.  Serbs & Croats vs. Bosnian Muslims

4.  Serbs vs. ethnic Albanians

5.  Break down of a country through ethnic conflict

Friday, January 12 Learning Objective •  I can identify the principal episodes of genocide in

northeastern and central Africa.

Vocabulary • Genocide • Colonialism •  Imperialism

COLONIALISM

•  Political control over another country for the purpose of economic gain •  Settlers occupy the

territory •  Great Britain and the 13

Colonies •  British in India

IMPERIALISM

•  Extending a country’s political influence through diplomacy and military force to create an empire •  Without settlement •  Hitler’s German Empire

Power is the ability not just to tell the story of another person, but to make it the definitive story of that person. The Palestinian poet Mourid Barghouti writes that if you want to dispossess a people, the simplest way to do it is to tell their story and to start with, "secondly." Start the story with the arrows of the Native Americans, and not with the arrival of the British, and you have an entirely different story. Start the story with the failure of the African state, and not with the colonial creation of the African state, and you have an entirely different story.

Genocide Mass killing of a group of people in an attempt to eliminate the entire group from existence Darfur region of Sudan Hutus vs. Tutsis in Rwanda

UN Convention on Genocide Article II:  In the present Convention, genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such:

a)  Killing members of the group; b)  Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; c)  Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring

about its physical destruction in whole or in part; d)  Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group; e)  Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.

Article III:  The following acts shall be punishable: a)  Genocide; b)  Conspiracy to commit genocide; c)  Direct and public incitement to commit genocide; d)  Attempt to commit genocide; e)  Complicity in genocide.

SUDAN North Arab-Muslims South Sudan Black Christians and animists vs. Muslim gov’t Darfur Black Africans vs. Arab nomads

Genocide in Rwanda Hutus

•  Settled farmers • Majority

Tutsis

• Cattle herders • Minority

Homework Tuesday Review Day

Vocabulary ✓

Wednesday Ethnicity Quiz 15 multiple choice 1 FRQ