ethnical diversity and forced migrationx

8/6/2019 Ethnical Diversity and Forced Migrationx

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RESEARCH PROPOSAL

Cultural Diversity and Human Security

Submitted by Hla Myat Moore


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I. Introductiona. Background of the studyb. Research questionsc. Objectivesd. Scope and Limitation of the Studye. Significance of the study

II. Review of Literaturea. literature reviewb. Theoretical Frameworkc. Operational Definition of Terms

III. MethodologyLocale of the Study

Respondents of the Study

Research InstrumentData Collection

Data Analysis

Research Question

IV. Result and DiscussionV. Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations


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Introduction

Cultural diversity exists throughout the ASEAN countries. Some of the ASEAN countries face

ethnical conflicts because of the cultural diversity but some countries do not. Myanmar is one of

the most culturally diverse countries among the ASEAN countries. There are eight major ethnic

groups composed of 135 national ethnic groups in Myanmar. In addition, there are some

minority ethnics groups, who have been living in Myanmar for more than 100 years ago but they

are not included in 135 national ethnic groups. Different forms of ethnical conflicts exist among

the vast majority of ethnic groups due to the cultural diversity. The most vulnerable forms of

ethnical conflicts exist between minority ethnic groups and majority ethnic groups. According to

the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, all human beings must enjoy basic human rights

regardless of gender, race, ethnicity, or any other characteristics. Without the fundamental

human rights, human security cannot be achieved. The most of the ethnic conflicts results in

human insecurity. On the contrary, many ethnic minority groups suffer, continue to suffer, from

human rights violations.

Rohingyas are the most down-trodden ethnic minorities of the world. They have been suffering

from several forms of restrictions and human rights violations. They are also subjected to various

forms of extortion and arbitrary taxation; land confiscation; forced eviction and house

destruction; freedom of movement and restrictions on marriage. Majority of Them have been

denied citizenship by the government of Myanmar since 1982. Myanmar government recognized

them as Bengali ethnic minority and not the Rohingya. However, ASEAN community describedRohingya as illegal migrants from the Indian Ocean during the ASEAN summit in Hua Hin,

2009.

In 1978 over 200,000 Rohingyas fled to Bangladesh, following the Nagamin (Dragon King)

operation of the Myanmar army, which resulted in widespread killings, rape and destruction of

mosques and further religious persecution. During 1991-1992, 250,000 Rohingyas fled to


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Bangladesh. They reported widespread forced labor, as well as summary executions, torture, and

rape.

The Rohingyas live in the Rakhine State, western Myanmar, consisting of coastal plains; a

network of streams and rivers; and a mountain range separating it from central Myanmar. The

Naaf River marks part of the border between Bangladesh and Myanmar. The Rohingya

population is mostly concentrated in the three northern townships: Maungdaw, Buthidaung and

Rathedaung. The Rohingyas speak a Bengali dialect, mixed primarily with words from the Urdu,

Hindi and Arabic languages, but also from the Bama and English languages. The first Muslims

who settled in this region were believed to be Arab mariners and traders that arrived on theRakhine coast in the 8th and 9

thcenturies. Other Muslims arrived to the Rakhine included

Persians, Moghuls, Turks, Pathans and Bengalis. During the British colonial period from 1824 to

1948, there was also massive migration from Chittagong to the Rakhine State.

Research questions:

1. Why do some cultural diverse ethnic groups experiences human insecurity while other donot?

2. What are the impacts of human insecurity?

Objective of the study

Generally, the objective of the study is to analyze how the cultural diversity affects the

human insecurity of Rohingyas. Therefore, the specific objectives of the study are to:

1. Describe the socio-economic status of the Rohingyas;2. Find out the cultural diversity among the ethnic groups who live in Rakhine state;3. Find out the violation of the universal delectation of human rights;4. Find out the human insecurity of Rohingyas;5. Find out the affects of human insecurity of Rohingyas;


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Scope and Limitation of the Study

The study will focus on the cultural diversity among different ethnic groups who lives in

Rakhine state on the aspect of religion, language, historical precedence, and human insecurity on

the aspect of civil and political rights, minority and group rights, environmental rights, and social

rights. There are many other variables, which cause human insecurity. Besides, there are

limitation on research studies, printed materials, data and access to some vulnerable

communities.

Significant of the Study

There are limited studies on the most vulnerable ethnic group, Rohingyas. Therefore, the

findings and results would provide empirical studies on the cultural diversity and human

insecurity of the minority ethnic groups. Besides, the study aimed to provide causes and effects

of human right violation and human insecurity of the ethnic minority group, Rohingya.

I. Review of Literature

a. Literature Review oni. Cultural Diversity

ii. Raceiii. Religioniv. Universal Declaration of Human Rights and human insecurityv. Vulnerable to violating of human rights and human insecurity

b. Theoretical Frameworki. Cultural Diversity

c. Operational Definition of Terms


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II. Methodology

Locale of the Study

Rohingya, the most vulnerable ethnic communities live in Rakhine, Myanmar.

The population is about 3.5 million. The Rohingyas have been living in Arakan

region for more than a millennium ago. However, therefore, the study will be

conducted in Maungdaw, Buthidaung and Rathedaung, Myanmar.

Respondents of the Study

The study respondents will be the Rohingyas from Maungdaw, Buthidaung and

Rathedaung, Myanmar. The key informants will be Rohingyas communities live

in Rakhine state and Rohingyas professional who live around the world.

Sampling procedure

The research respondents will be selected randomly for in-depth interview and

purposively for informant interview.

Research Design, Instrument and data analysis

The study will be conducted in the combination of quantitative and qualitative

research methods. An interview schedule is designed for quantitative and

qualitative data collection. The closed ended questionnaires are designed for

quantitative data analysis and open-ended questionnaires are designed for

qualitative data analysis.


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Map of Myanmar

Study Location

ethnical diversity and forced migrationx

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