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Nature Philosophy of Minangkabau
(Ethnic in West Sumatera, Indonesia)
Ervizal A.M. Zuhud (AMZU)1, Arya Arismaya M (ARYA)2 1Professor, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University,
2Post graduate student in Faculty of Forestry, IPB Kampus IPB Darmaga Bogor 16001, Indonesia
Workshop Traditional Knowledge for Ecosystem Services in ASEAN Countries
Folk Culture: Proverbs, Old Sayings and Community Rules 2–4 March 2016 Kuala Lumpur
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“Adat bersendi Syarak Syarak bersendi Kitabullah”
Social-Culture must be based on religion, Religion must be based on The Holy Book
The Right of Social-Cultural Minangkabau
Perspective
Ervizal A.M. Zuhud
Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Indonesia
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People of Minangkabau named their homeland ”Alam Minangkabau”
(Minangkabau Nature).
The use of the term “alam” (nature) has an extensive meaning.
Ervizal A.M. Zuhud
Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Indonesia
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Alam takambang jadi guru Nature is not only a place: born, will die, live and grow,
but also philosophical meaning such as conveyed in their proverb
The nature unfurled to be a teacher The nature is there to teach people;
Ervizal A.M. Zuhud
Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Indonesia
The nature is university
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Ervizal A.M. Zuhud
Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Indonesia
The nature unfurled to be a teacher: Perspective
• They see the nature and its elements as composed of four elements “nan ampek” (the four): “sun, moon, earth, stars”; “noon, night, morning, afternoon”; “west, east, north, south”; “fire, water, soil, wind”
• All different elements of nature that has different degree and roles • Each elements live with their own existence in a harmony, but also dynamic:“bakarano bakajadian” (has cause and effect).
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All different elements of nature that has different degree and roles (“sun, earth, moon, stars”;
“noon, night, morning, afternoon”; “west, east, north, south”; “fire, water, soil, wind”).
Related to each other, but do not bind each other;
Contacted or collided with each other, but do not obliterate each other;
Clustered with each other, but do not merge with each other.
Ervizal A.M. Zuhud
Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Indonesia
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Ervizal A.M. Zuhud
Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Indonesia
If the nature and all its elements are equated to human life, just as they liken the nature as their Minangkabau homeland, then natural elements can be comprehended as institution or individuals in their community. Each has the right to hold the existence in the course of their lives
Nature, Institution and Individual in Harmony Minangkabau philosophy puts human nature as an element of the same status as other elements: Land, Housing, Tribe, Nagari (Kampong)
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• Each institution has the responsibility to maintain individual existence in their institution
• Each individual also has the responsibility to protect the existence of their institution.
• Harmony is valued as conformity or suitability of life among institutions and among individuals, between institutions and individuals, and vice versa.
Institution and individual
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Each institution or individual has different degree and role Therefore, they will not be able to “merge” with the others, but will still be the same as the others. So, in the dynamic of harmony, they are “each” become “one/unity” to be “together”, and each become “the same/equal” to be “individuals”.
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Ervizal A.M. Zuhud
Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Indonesia
Nan buto paambuih lasuang, nan pakak palapeh badia, nan lumpuah paunyi rumah, nankuaik pambawo baban, nan bingiuang disuruah-suruah, nan cadiak lawan barundiang :
Blind holding dimples, deaf holding a weapon, lame keep house, strong loadbearing, stupid to order, smart to ask questions and discuss
“one/unity” to be “together”, and each become “the same/equal” to be “individuals”.
Proverb to implementation for unity :
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“Di ma bumi dipijak, di sinan langik di junjuang” Where the land is stepped, there the sky is upheld
(Adaptation) “
Others Proverbs (Cont.)
Ervizal A.M. Zuhud
Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Indonesia
Takuruang nak dilua, taimpik nak diateh”
Caged want in out-side, Downtrodden want to above (independent mind)
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Traditional Land-Use in Minangkabau (Based on land geophysic condition)
Proverb :
“Nan rato kaparumahan,
tabu tumbuah di nan lereng, kok manggu kapakuburan, nan bancah ditanami sawah”
Flat land for houses, Sloping land for crop/plant ,
Dry land for the cemetery ,
Wetlands for paddy field
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Traditional Land-Use in Minangkabau
Ervizal A.M. Zuhud
Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Indonesia
Source : Kosmaryandi, 2005
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Ervizal A.M. Zuhud
Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Indonesia
In Nature Minangkabau (West Sumatra), there are several types of local wisdom relating to forest management, soil and water:
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In Nature Minangkabau (West Sumatra), there are several types of local wisdom relating to forest
management, soil and water:
• Rimbo Larangan (Prohibition Rimbo) • Banda Larangan (Prohibition River) • Tabek Larangan (Prohibition Pool/Hole) • Parak (Traditional Agroforest for Food
Security) • Menanam Pohon sebelum Nikah (Tree
planting before marriage) • Goro Basamo (Mutual Cooperation)
Ervizal A.M. Zuhud
Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Indonesia
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Rimbo Larangan (Prohibition Forests)
Forests are under customary rules should not be cut down because its function is vital for the water supply and prevent the danger of landslides .
If there are people who need wood to build a house, must be ask permission to Nagari Leader through the adat . Cutting down trees with hand tools.
Ervizal A.M. Zuhud
Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Indonesia
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Banda Larangan (Prohibition River)
Ervizal A.M. Zuhud
Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Indonesia
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Tabek Larangan (Prohibition Pool/Hole)
That pool of water created jointly by people in ancient times for the purpose of water supply in the public interest and in the Tabek also maintained various kinds of fish , when to open the Tabek with such a prohibition river.
Ervizal A.M. Zuhud
Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Indonesia
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Parak (Traditional Agroforest for Food Security)
Ervizal A.M. Zuhud
Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Indonesia
Multi usefull plants species : coconut, durian , suren , duku , mangosteen , rattan , cinnamon , nutmeg , coffee and fruit crops cultivation and short-lived plants such as chili,bulbous plants, nuts
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Planting tree when a man will be married
Saving for next generation to the needs of families , usually planted : Coconut (Cocos nucifera) , Suren (Toona sureni) and others full benefits
Ervizal A.M. Zuhud
Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Indonesia
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Goro Basamo (Mutual Cooperation) Work activities
together in mutual cooperation for the benefit of society like making new roads , building houses of worship , cleaning the city ropes ( river ), planting perennials, etc.
Ervizal A.M. Zuhud
Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Indonesia
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Big Question ? For today and future
How to protect, to manage, and to develop TFK, Folk Culture: (Proverbs, Old Sayings and Community Rules) for global challenges, especially conservation on biodiversity and ecosystem services for harmonize, frendship, peace, unity, sustainable community welfare and wellbeing ???
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References Kosmaryandi, Nandi. 2005. Landscape Planning and
management of Minangkabau Land. Jurnal Media Konservasi, Vol X/Nomor 1, Juni 2005
Michon, G., F. Mary and J.M. Bompard. 2000. Parak di Maninjau, Sumatera Barat, in H de Foresta, A. Kusworo, G.Michon dan WA Djatmiko. 2000.Ketika Kebun Berupa Hutan Agroforest Khas Indonesia, Sebuah Sumbangan Masyarakat. Bogor (ID) : SMT Grafika Desa Putra.
Navis, AA. 1984. Alam Terkembang Kaji Guru: Adat dan Kebudayaan Minangkabau. Jakarta: PT Temprint.
Indo, Dt. Majo,AB. 1999. Kato Pusako, Papatah, Patitih, Mamang, Pantun, Ajaran dan Filsafat Minangkabau. MPAA Minangkabau. PT Rora Karya, Jakarta
Ervizal A.M. Zuhud
Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Indonesia