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    ()

    ( .. )

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    :

    1. ()

    2.

    3.

    4.

    5.

    6.

    7.

    8. Ethics, Ethicist , lay people

    1. ()

    ()

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    (Moralintegrity) (trust worthy and valid)

    ( informedconsend) (consent)

    (paradigm)

    (participants) (fully understand)

    (

    )

    (informedconsent form)

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    ..........

    ( preferablyin writing )

    ( interdisciplinary team)

    () (lay people)

    .

    (respect forperson) (beneficence)

    (justice)

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    (autonomy)

    (inducement) (cocreion) (undue) (persuasion) (dcception)

    (veracity)

    ()

    ()

    ( ethical issues )

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    ....(undue)

    .(coeercion)

    ..... (persuasion)

    , ,..... (inducement)

    ....(deception)

    (beneficence)

    (distributive justice)

    .

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    ()

    .

    (participantinformation sheet)

    (information consent form)

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    .

    .

    /

    (participation information sheet)

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    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    - ...

    - ...

    - .........

    .

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    ....

    ....

    * ...

    . /

    .

    *

    %

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    .....

    ()

    .

    ...... .

    ()

    .

    .

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    (ethicalconsideration )

    (ethical issues)

    .( informed consent form)

    /

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    . )

    ) /

    (

    /

    )

    )

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    )

    (autonomy)

    )

    /

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    /

    .

    1)

    2)

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    3)

    4)

    5)

    6)

    (exculpate )

    7)

    8)

    9)

    10)

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    11)

    12)

    . Ethics, Ethicist , lay peopleEthics

    (argument)

    Ethics

    Ethicist

    Lay people /

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    1.Appelbaume Paul S.,Lidz CW,Meisel Alan.Informed Consent:Legal Theory and ClinicalPractice.New York: Oxford University Press,1987.

    2.The Council for International Organizationof Medical Sciences (CIOMS) in Collaborationwith the World Health Organization(WHO).Intimation Ethical Guidelines for BiomedicalResearch Involving Human Subjects. Geneva2002.

    3.Hope Tony, Savulescu Julian, and Hendrick Judith.Medical Ethics and Law. Edinburgh:Churchill Livinstone,2003.

    4.Raynolds D.Paul. Ethical Dilemmas andSocial Research. SanFrancisco: Jossey BassPublishers,1979.

    5.Schwartz Lisa,Preece E. Paul, and Hendry.A. Robert. Medical Ethics: A Caase BasedApproach. Edinburgh: Saunders,2002.

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    2

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    ()

    : 1

    :

    ( .. 2551)

    2

    ________________________________________________

    ( real consent )

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    ()

    ( written consent) 1

    (autonomy)

    2

    (moralobligation) 3

    ..2008

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    .. 1964

    (human integrity)

    4

    (paradigm)

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    (unjustifiable)5

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    ()

    .

    .

    .

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    ...

    (unethical)

    4.

    (CIOMS) (WHO)

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    5.

    ....6.

    18

    18

    7 13 13

    (assent)5

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    (autonomy)

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    (unjustifiable)

    (rethinking)1.

    ?2.

    ?3.

    ?4.

    (autonomy)

    5.

    ?6.

    -

    -

    -

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    -

    -

    -

    -

    (real consent)?

    7. 10

    (assent) ?

    8.

    ?9.

    1. BMAs Ethics, Science and Information Division.Medical Ethics Today: Its Practice andPhilosophy. (Tauistock,London : BMJ PublishingGroup,1993) pp 207-208.

    2. Council for International Organizations ofMedical Science (CIOMS). International EthicalGuidelines for Biomedical Research InvolvingHuman Subjects. (Geneva,1993) Commentary on

    Guideline 2,pp.14-15

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    3. Doyal len. Moral quality entails a high standardof information consent. Quality in HealthCare (June,1998) p 63.

    4. CIOMS. Op. Cit. p.95. CIOMS. (Geneva, 2002) Guideline 14.