ESTAR ESTAR ++

PAST PARTICIPLESPAST PARTICIPLES

So what, exactly, is a past participle?

A past participle is the form of a verb, typically ending in -ed in English, that is used in forming perfect and passive tenses and sometimes as an adjective.

Examples of past participles:

EATEN

SLEPTDANCED

INSPIRED

FALLEN

PLAYED

CALLED

STOOD

FINISHED

Think of these words after HAVE or HAD.

Two uses of participles

1.) VERB

2.) ADJECTIVE

To form the REGULARES:

1.) Drop of the infinitive ending.

2.) For -AR verbs: add “ado” hablar → ado: sacar → ado:

3.) For -ER/-IR verbs: add “ido”comer → ido: vivir → ido:

hablado = spokensacado = taken

comido = eatenvivido = lived

Ejemplos:

decorar

conocer

preferir

decoradodecorated

conocidoknown

preferidopreferred

Pause for practice: ACT 1

Las Respuestas

1. sentado2. escondido3. comido4. encendido5. parado6. hablado

Uso #1: COMO VERBO

A past participle is the part of the verb which is used to form compound

tenses. Use the present perfect to tell what a person has done.

Hemos terminado.. We have finished.

No te había visto. I hadn’t seen you.

No te preocupes si noentiendes el uso con

verbos. Nosotros vamos a aprenderlo en Capítulo 5.

Uso #2: COMO ADJETIVOPast participles can also function as adjectives. Many adjectives in Spanish are actually PAST

PARTICIPLES of verbs. If used as an adjective,They must agree in both gender and number

with the noun they modify.

Las ventanas están rotas.The windows are broken.

El trabajo está terminado.The work is finished.

VENTANAS = femenino/pluralROTAS = femenino/plural

TRABAJO = masculino/singularTERMINADO = masculino/singular

Estar + Past Participle

The past participle is frequently used with estar to describe CONDITIONS that are the result of a previous action. In those cases, the past participle agrees with the subject in gender and number because it is used as an adjective.

The painter is seated.La pintora está sentada.

The walls were painted.Las paredes estaban pintadas.

Some verbs have irregular past participles.

REVV MAC PHDDREVV MAC PHDD

Remember this acronym:

R

E

V

V

M

A

C

P

H

D

D

Romper

Escribir

Ver

Volver

Morir

Abrir

Cubrir

Poner

Hacer

Decir

Devolver

Roto

Escrito

Visto

Vuelto

Muerto

Abierto

Cubierto

Puesto

Hecho

Dicho

Devuelto

Broken

Written

Seen

Returned

Died

Opened

Covered

Put/Placed

Done/Made

Said

Returned

There is one more verb in the chapter that is not in the

acronym:

(R) Resolver Resuelto Resolved

Or… you can sing my song!

To the tune of “Happy Birthday”

Dicho, Hecho, PuestoRoto, Vuelto, VistoDevuelto, EscritoAbierto, Muerto

¡Cubierto!

More IRREGULARESMost verbs that have two vowels together in the

infinitive have a written accent on the í of the past participle.

Caer Oír Traer Leer Reír Sonreír Creer

CaídoOídoTraídoLeídoReídoSonreídoCreído

Pause for practice: ACT 2

Las Respuestas

La clase (preparar)

 preparadaLos vasos (romper)

rotos 

Los platos (lavar)

 lavadosEl gato (morir)

 muerto

El trofeo (ganar)

 ganadoEl poema (escribir)

 escrito

El cuarto (arreglar)

 arregladoLas puertas

(cerrar) cerradas

Los artistas (conocer)

 conocidosLas bebidas

(beber) bebidas

Las mesas (poner)

 puestasLos árboles

(caer) caídos