establishment of a new rat model of portal vein

5
15 15 2011 04 09 Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research April 9, 2011 Vol.15, No.15 P.O. Box 1200, Shenyang 110004 cn.zglckf.com 2716 1 School of Clinical Medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, Fujian Province, China; 2 Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA, Fuzhou 350025, Fujian Province, China Wu Jun-zheng , Studying for master’s degree, School of Clinical Medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, Fujian Province, China dr.wujunzheng@ gmail.com Correspondence to: Jiang Yi, Doctor, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, School of Clinical Medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, Fujian Province, China jiangyi183@yahoo. com.cn Supported by: the Scientific Research Foundation for Medical Science of Nanjing Military Region, China, No. 08MA104* Received: 2010-10-19 Accepted: 2010-12-19 * 1 1 2 2 Establishment of a new rat model of portal vein arterialization Wu Jun-zheng 1 , Jiang Yi 1 , Zhang Xiao-jin 2 , L Li-zhi 2 Abstract BACKGROUND: At present literature reported that portal vein arterializations model of rats with suture method or stent method in the blood patency and operating simplicity are not perfect. OBJECTIVE: To establish a stable and simple model of portal vein arterialization in rats. METHODS: A total of 40 cases of portal vein arterializations model in rats were established by the allogeneic vascular embolia suture method and cuff method. Left kidney was removed. Left renal artery was connected with portal vein stump by allogeneic vascular; the left renal vein was connected with superior mesenteric vein by cuff method. Another 10 rats served as sham operation group. The body weight and survival rate were observed after surgery. The rats were executed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after 2 weeks. Hepatic function of rats was detected at 1 month after surgery. Two months after surgery, all rats were killed to probe portal vein patency, and hepatic pathological changes were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: One rat dead during modeling, the remaining 39 rats survived after two months. The successful rate of operation was 97.5% (39/40). At one month after surgery, there was no significant difference in body weight, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and cholinesterase between model group and sham operation group (P > 0.05). Two months after surgery, the patency rate of portal vein was 94.9% (37/39) in model group. Both MRI and pathological results showed no obvious abnormalities. Based on the allogeneic vascular embolia suture method and cuff method, the rat model of portal vein arterialization have properties in simple operation, time-saving and high successful rate, which is a viable, stable, reliable and reproducible method. Wu JZ, Jiang Y, Zhang XJ, L LZ. Establishment of a new rat model of portal vein arterialization.Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu yu Linchuang Kangfu. 2011;15(15): 2716-2720. [http://www.crter.cn http://en.zglckf.com] 2 40 10 2 1 2 1 39 2 98%(39/40) 1 (P > 0.05) 2 95%(37/39) doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.15.014 . [J]. 2011 15(15):2716-2720. [http://www.crter.org http://cn.zglckf.com] 0 [1] [2] [3-4] [5-6] [7-8] [9] 1 2010 03/06

Upload: others

Post on 13-Jun-2022

1 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Establishment of a new rat model of portal vein

中国组织工程研究与临床康复 第 15卷 第 15期 2011–04–09出版 Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research April 9, 2011 Vol.15, No.15

P.O. Box 1200, Shenyang 110004 cn.zglckf.com 2716

1School of Clinical Medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, Fujian Province, China; 2Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA, Fuzhou 350025, Fujian Province, China Wu Jun-zheng★, Studying for master’s degree, School of Clinical Medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, Fujian Province, China dr.wujunzheng@ gmail.com Correspondence to: Jiang Yi, Doctor, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, School of Clinical Medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, Fujian Province, China jiangyi183@yahoo. com.cn Supported by: the Scientific Research Foundation for Medical Science of Nanjing Military Region, China, No. 08MA104* Received: 2010-10-19 Accepted: 2010-12-19

一种新的大鼠门静脉动脉化模型*★ 吴均政1,江 艺1,张小进2,吕立志2

Establishment of a new rat model of portal vein arterialization

Wu Jun-zheng1, Jiang Yi1, Zhang Xiao-jin2, Lü Li-zhi2

Abstract BACKGROUND: At present literature reported that portal vein arterializations model of rats with suture method or stent method in the blood patency and operating simplicity are not perfect. OBJECTIVE: To establish a stable and simple model of portal vein arterialization in rats. METHODS: A total of 40 cases of portal vein arterializations model in rats were established by the allogeneic vascular embolia suture method and cuff method. Left kidney was removed. Left renal artery was connected with portal vein stump by allogeneic vascular; the left renal vein was connected with superior mesenteric vein by cuff method. Another 10 rats served as sham operation group. The body weight and survival rate were observed after surgery. The rats were executed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after 2 weeks. Hepatic function of rats was detected at 1 month after surgery. Two months after surgery, all rats were killed to probe portal vein patency, and hepatic pathological changes were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: One rat dead during modeling, the remaining 39 rats survived after two months. The successful rate of operation was 97.5% (39/40). At one month after surgery, there was no significant difference in body weight, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and cholinesterase between model group and sham operation group (P > 0.05). Two months after surgery, the patency rate of portal vein was 94.9% (37/39) in model group. Both MRI and pathological results showed no obvious abnormalities. Based on the allogeneic vascular embolia suture method and cuff method, the rat model of portal vein arterialization have properties in simple operation, time-saving and high successful rate, which is a viable, stable, reliable and reproducible method. Wu JZ, Jiang Y, Zhang XJ, Lü LZ. Establishment of a new rat model of portal vein arterialization.Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu yu Linchuang Kangfu. 2011;15(15): 2716-2720. [http://www.crter.cn http://en.zglckf.com]

摘要 背景:目前文献报道的大鼠门静脉动脉化模型有缝合法或支架法,2种方法在血管通畅率及操作便利性上均不太理想。 目的:建立稳定的操作简便的大鼠门静脉动脉化动物模型。 方法:采用同种异体血管套入式缝合及袖套法建立大鼠门静脉动脉化模型 40 例。切除左肾,将左肾动脉与门静脉残端通过同种异体血管连接,左肾静脉借助袖套与肠系膜上静脉连接。另取 10 只大鼠作为假手术组。术后观察大鼠的体质量变化和存活情况,2周行磁共振血管成像,1个月检测大鼠肝功能,2个月处死大鼠探查门静脉血流通畅情况并观察肝脏的病理学改变。 结果与结论:造模过程中有 1只大鼠死亡,其余 39只均存活至术后 2个月,造模成功率为 98%(39/40)。术后 1个月,模型组与假手术组大鼠体质量,血清白蛋白、谷丙转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶和胆碱酯酶差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。术后 2个月,模型组门静脉通畅率为 95%(37/39)。磁共振血管成像及病理结果均未见明显异常。提示,利用同种异体血管套入式缝合及袖套法建立的大鼠门静脉动脉化模型操作简便、省时、成功率高,是一种可行、稳定、可靠、可重复性强的方法。 关键词:门静脉动脉化;同种异体血管;套入式缝合;袖套法;动物模型;大鼠;血管组织工程 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.15.014 吴均政,江艺,张小进,吕立志.一种新的大鼠门静脉动脉化模型[J].中国组织工程研究与临床康复,2011,15(15):2716-2720. [http://www.crter.org http://cn.zglckf.com]

0 引言 门静脉动脉化是指通过建立动脉和门静脉

或其分支之间的通路,以增加动脉血或代替门静

脉血灌注肝脏的方法[1]。临床上门静脉部分动脉

化是一种简单、安全的操作[2],其主要应用于肝

移植时门静脉条件差[3-4]、肝部分切除术、肝门

部肿瘤清扫和门静脉高压门体分流术[5-6]。也有

个案报道用门静脉动脉化来治疗急性肝衰 竭

[7-8]。虽然临床上门静脉动脉化已有成功的案

例,但有学者认为动脉化后门静脉过度灌注会

导致肝脏微循环的紊乱,且增加肝细胞凋亡的

比率[9]。 目前文献报道的大鼠门静脉动脉化模型有

缝合法或支架法,它们在血管通畅率及操作便

利性上均不太理想。实验采用同种异体血管套

入式缝合及袖套法建立大鼠门静脉动脉化模

型,旨在探索一种新的大鼠门静脉动脉化模型

的建立方法。 1 材料和方法

设计:随机对照动物实验。 时间及地点:于2010-03/06在解放军南京

军区福州总医院动物实验中心完成。

Page 2: Establishment of a new rat model of portal vein

吴均政,等. 一种新的大鼠门静脉动脉化模型

ISSN 1673-8225 CN 21-1539/R CODEN: ZLKHAH 2717

www.CRTER.org

1 福建医科大学福总临床医学院,福建省福州市 350025;2解放军南京军区福州总医院肝胆外科,福建省福州市 350025 吴均政★,男,1985年生,汉族,福建省泉州市人,福建区科大学在读硕士,主要从事肝胆外科、肝脏移植方面的研究。 [email protected] 通讯作者:江艺,博士,教授,博士生导师,福建医科大学福总临床医学院,福建省福州市 350025 jiangyi183@ yahoo.com.cn 中图分类号:R318 文献标识码:B 文章编号:1673-8225 (2011)15-02716-05 收稿日期:2010-10-19 修回日期:2010-12-19 (20100818016/WLM·L)

材料:Sprague-Dawley大鼠50只,雄性,SPF级,体质量250~300 g,由上海斯莱克实验动物有限责任公司提供,许可证号:SCXK (沪)2007-0005。所有大鼠饲养于解放军南京军区福州总医院动物实验中心的清洁级动物房

中,自由饮水、进食。 试剂和仪器:

方法: 同种异体血管的准备:大鼠取仰卧位,乙醚

半开放麻醉,游离供体大鼠腹主动脉,在腹腔

干水平以上1.5 cm处剪断腹主动脉,从离断处至左肾动脉所有的肋间后动脉或腰动脉用8-0丝线结扎切断,游离肠系膜上动脉,距肠系膜

上动脉根部0.6 cm处离断,8-0丝线结扎切断腹腔干、右肾动脉及腹主动脉远心端。取下来的

腹主动脉即为血管材料,置于4 UW℃ 液中保

存5~7 d备用。在其近心端作一袖套,见图1。

实验分组及模型制备:从50只SD大鼠中随机抽取40只作为模型组,其余10只作为假手术组。采用同种异体血管套入式缝合及袖套法建立大

鼠门静脉动脉化模型,见图2。术前大鼠禁食 12 h,不限饮水,乙醚半开放麻醉,体积分数0.5%碘伏消毒后行腹部正中切口,用棉签推移

肠管至右侧,暴露左肾,湿盐水纱布覆盖右侧

腹部。游离左肾动、静脉,近左肾门处结扎左

肾动脉,切断左肾动脉并留一条丝线作牵引,

继续游离左肾动脉至腹主动脉根部。同样在左

肾门处结扎左肾静脉,并游离至下腔静脉根部。

将左肾动脉与左肾静脉牵引线穿过肠系膜

拉至腹腔右侧。从阴茎背静脉推入2 mL液体 (1 mL乳酸钠林格液+1 mL 25 U/L肝素)。阻断夹阻断左肾静脉根部,剪断其断端,肝素水冲

洗,并在其断端套入一袖套后结扎。将作好的

同种异体血管材料的肠系膜上动脉断端借牵引

线套入左肾动脉,借肠系膜上动脉的伸缩性紧

套住左肾动脉,用10-0丝线在左肾动脉根部0点、4点、8点方向全层缝合3针以固定。动脉阻断钳阻断左肾动脉根部,提出左肾动脉断端剪

断线结,肝素水冲洗。

试剂及仪器 来源

分析纯乙醚 手术器械:组织剪,持针器,

显微持针器,显微镊,显

微剪,10-0 带针缝合线,10-0、8-0、5-0 丝线,血管夹,阻断钳 门静脉袖套(动脉穿刺套管的外鞘制成)、大鼠固定板

上海联试化工试剂有限

公司 上海医疗器械(集团)有限公司手术器械厂

自制

Figure 1 Material for arterial vascular 图 1 供体动脉血管材料

a: Cuff; b: Abdominal aorta; c: Root of superior mesenteric artery

Figure 2 Preparation of the animal model 图 2 动物模型的制备

A: Model diagram. Red for the blood vessel material a: Left renal vein; b: Mesenteric vein; c: Portal vein; d: Left renal artery

C: Work sheet. a: Inferior vena cava. Blood vessel material (c) connected with portal vein (b) and left renal artery, mesenteric vein connected with left renal vein (d) with cuff method

B: Installation of left renal vein, vascular materials have been set into the left renal artery

Page 3: Establishment of a new rat model of portal vein

吴均政,等. 一种新的大鼠门静脉动脉化模型

P.O. Box 1200, Shenyang 110004 cn.zglckf.com 2718

www.CRTER.org

游离大鼠门静脉第1属支处以下部分,结扎切断第2属支。阻断钳在门静脉第2分支处下0.5 cm位置阻断,紧贴门静脉第1属支下方固定一个阻断夹,在第2属支处切断门静脉,肝素水冲洗断端。依照袖套法将作好的血

管材料的袖套端套入门静脉近肝门处断端,结扎固定。

左肾静脉袖套套入肠系膜上静脉断端,结扎固定。松开

所有阻断钳。术毕腹腔灌入温生理盐水15~20 mL后棉球擦干。检查吻合口通畅性,腹腔内有无活动性出血点。

腹壁用7号线全层连续缝合。记录手术时间及门静脉阻断时间。假手术组只切除左肾,游离左肾动脉及左肾静

脉,游离门静脉至第2属支,阻断门静脉15 min后开放。术后自由饮水、进食,观察并称量大鼠的体质量。

磁共振血管成像:术后2周,模型组和假手术组分别随机抽取5只和2只大鼠,水合氯醛(3 mL/kg)腹腔注射麻醉后,于大鼠尾静脉插入留置针并固定,置入大鼠磁共

振检查专用线圈后,从留置针注射2 mL钆喷替酸葡甲胺对比剂作磁共振血管成像。

肝功能测定:术后1个月,大鼠尾静脉采血,离心,取血清,在Olympus AU2700全自动生化分析仪上采用改良溴甲酚绿法测血清白蛋白,速率法检测血清谷丙转

氨酶、碱性磷酸酶和胆碱酯酶活性。 病理学观察:术后2个月,大鼠麻醉处死,开腹探查

吻合口通畅情况。取大鼠肝脏,置于体积分数10%甲醛中固定,石蜡包埋,切片。行常规苏木精-伊红染色,

倒置显微镜下观察并照相,观察大鼠肝脏的病理学改

变。 主要观察指标:大鼠的存活率、肝功能、门静脉通

畅情况及肝脏的病理学改变。 统计学分析:采用SPSS 13.0统计软件包对数据进

行统计分析。计量资料用x_

±s表示,两组间比较采用t 检验,P < 0.05为差异有显著性意义。

2 结果 2.1 实验动物数量分析 实验共纳入50只SD大鼠,造模过程中因分离左肾静脉与左肾动脉时出血致失血性

休克死亡1只,其余大鼠均存活至术后2个月,49只大鼠进入结果分析。 2.2 手术时间及大鼠存活情况 模型组和假手术组的手术时间分别为(56±4) min和(45±3) min,模型组同种异体血管材料准备时间(28±4) min,门静脉阻断时间 (15±2) min。模型组除1只大鼠死亡,其余39只均存活至术后2个月,造模成功率为98%(39/40)。假手术组术后均存活。 2.3 大鼠的一般情况 术后大鼠精神状况良好,警觉,活动如常,毛发有光泽,能自由饮水、进食。术后1个月,两组大鼠体质量比较差异无显著性意义[(420.0±

24.3) g vs. (428.0±21.1) g,P > 0.05]。提示门静脉动脉化对大鼠生长无明显影响。 2.4 磁共振血管成像检查结果 术后2周,假手术组血管显像基本正常,见图3a。模型组血管通畅,未见血栓,可见同种异体血管材料,发自腹主动脉,连接门静脉;

肠系膜静脉与左肾静脉袖套相连接入下腔静脉,见图3b。

2.5 大鼠的肝功能 术后4周,对大鼠外周血生化指标进行检测发现,模型组和假手术组血清白蛋白、谷丙转

氨酶、碱性磷酸酶和胆碱酯酶水平比较差异无显著性意

义(P > 0.05),见表1。说明两组大鼠的肝功能无差异。 2.6 大鼠门静脉通畅情况及肝脏病理学改变 术后2个月,剖腹探查见2只大鼠同种异体血管有血栓形成,血栓为附壁血栓,不影响血流通过,门静脉通畅率为

95%(37/39)。 苏木精-伊红染色显示,假手术组肝脏基本正常。

模型组肝小叶、中央静脉、汇管区结构清晰,汇管区门

静脉轻度扩张,无明显炎性细胞浸润;肝细胞小泡性脂

肪变性,窦内皮细胞无肿胀、水肿变形,肝窦结构规则,

Figure 3 Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging angiography in rats

图 3 术后两组大鼠磁共振血管成像结果

a: Sham operation group b: Model group. 1: Blood vessel material connected with portal vein; 2: Mesenteric vein connected with left renal vein

1

2

表 1 术后 1个月大鼠血清白蛋白、谷丙转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶、胆碱酯酶水平

Table 1 The level of albumin, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and cholinesterase after 1 mon (x

_

±s)

Group A lbumin (g/L)

Alanine aminotransfera

se (μkat/L)

Alkaline phosphatase

(μkat/L)

Cholinesterase

(μkat/L)

Model Sham

operation

30.9±2.7 30.3±2.2

1.2±0.4 1.2±0.4

3.2±1.5 3.2±1.2

3.2±1.3 2.8±0.7

Page 4: Establishment of a new rat model of portal vein

吴均政,等. 一种新的大鼠门静脉动脉化模型

ISSN 1673-8225 CN 21-1539/R CODEN: ZLKHAH 2719

www.CRTER.org

无明显炎性细胞浸润,见图4。

3 讨论 用动脉血代替门静脉血灌注肝脏的设想最初是由

Cohn和Fisher根据门静脉高压门腔分流术后肝脏血液灌注减少,术后肝性脑病发生率高而提出的

[10-11]。支持

的观点认为,肝门静脉动脉化后,血流和氧供增加,对

肝脏能量代谢及肝脏再生产生有益的作用[12],并不意味

着肝脏血液动力学会改变[13]。Nardo等[14-15]

的一系列研

究也认为门静脉血氧分压显著提高,血清谷丙转氨酶水

平显著下降,促进肝脏再生,显著提高生存率。相反的

观点认为,门静脉过度灌注导致肝脏微循环的紊乱,且

增加肝细胞凋亡的比率[9,16]。

实验制备的大鼠门静脉动脉化模型术后肝功能及

体质量恢复情况良好、栓塞发生率低、存活情况较好、

磁共振血管影像学检查示血管通畅、病理结果未见明显

异常,因此,是目前研究门静脉动脉化比较理想的模型。

实验中的生化结果与Nardo等[17]的研究结果基本吻合,

病理结果也与国外一些研究结果相似[18]。

目前,制备大鼠门静脉动脉化模型的方法主要有缝

合法及支架法[19-23]

。缝合法栓塞概率较高,操作时间长,

对显微外科的技术要求较高。由于袖套法成熟稳定,操

作简单,避免了缝合导致的并发症,实验中模型的通畅

率达到95%。实验利用袖套法使整个操作过程都在肉眼直视下操作,能够降低实验的操作难度,节约操作时间,

无需很高的显微外科操作技术。支架法虽对显微外科的

技术要求不高,但支架作为体内异物,容易被排斥而产

生血栓。因此,有学者提出利用血管材料实现门静脉动

脉化。Müller等[24]利用主动脉血管材料建立大鼠原位肝

移植并门静脉完全动脉化的模型28例,采取肠系膜上静脉与下腔端侧吻合,主动脉血管材料与门静脉残端端端

吻合,与腹主动脉端侧吻合的方法,7只围手术期死亡(3只大出血,3只空气栓塞,1只静脉血栓),5只术后4周死亡,存活率为57%。实验借鉴血管材料的方法,改用袖套法及套入法代替缝合法,避免了缝合引起的出血

等并发症,从而提高了存活率。 利用同种异体血管实现门静脉动脉化是实验的主

要创新点,其有以下优点:①血管内壁完整光滑,血小

板不易黏附。②不会像支架作为异物而被排斥,降低血

栓发生率。③材料容易获得。④动脉具有伸缩性,实验

利用肠系膜上动脉的管径大小与左肾动脉外径大小相

适应的特点,采用套入式缝合的方法,将血管材料套入

左肾动脉,肠系膜上动脉可有效包住左肾动脉。 虽然该模型明显简化了大鼠门静脉动脉化的操作,

但是仍存在一些问题。首先,要切掉大鼠左肾,增加了

损伤程度,在分离左肾静脉与左肾动脉时需要精细操

作。大鼠左肾动脉与左肾静脉粘贴非常紧密,分离时如

不慎撕裂血管,将会导致实验失败。其次,门静脉第1,2属支均回流脾脏血流,由于左肾静脉与门静脉解剖位置稍远、袖套可能会导致门静脉第1属支回流受阻,采取在第2属支处断开门静脉,防止脾脏淤血肿大。但是第2属支位置靠下且紧贴胰腺,游离时须防止损伤胰腺。如左肾静脉较短,会导致袖套安装的难度增加,可以借

助双头袖套的方法解决。最后,由于左肾动脉借血管材

料直接连接门静脉,左肾动脉血流量较大,而且未采取

限流措施,可能会导致门静脉血流过度灌注,对肝脏远

期功能可能有影响,病理结果显示门静脉较正常充盈。

在后续的实验中将采取措施限制流量[25],加以改进。

总之,综合利用同种异体动脉血管材料和袖套法,

降低了实验操作难度,所有操作均可在肉眼直视下进

行,节约了操作时间,提高了大鼠存活率,生化指标也

无明显异常,栓塞率较低。此次实验成功建立了一个可

行、稳定、可重复性强的大鼠门静脉动脉化模型,是门

静脉动脉化相关基础研究的理想工具。

Figure 4 Postoperative pathological changes of liver in rats at 2 mon after surgery(×100)

图 4 术后 2个月大鼠肝脏的病理学改变(苏木精-伊红染色,×100)

a: Central vein (model group)

c: Sham operation group

b: Header region (model group)

Page 5: Establishment of a new rat model of portal vein

吴均政,等. 一种新的大鼠门静脉动脉化模型

P.O. Box 1200, Shenyang 110004 cn.zglckf.com 2720

www.CRTER.org

4 参考文献 [1] Mabuchi A, Mullaney I, Sheard P, et al. Role of hepatic stellate

cells in the early phase of liver regeneration in rat:Formation of tight adhesion to parenchymal cells. Cmop Hepatol. 2004;3(suppl 1):S29-30.

[2] Tsivian M, Neri F, Prezzi D, et al. Portal vein arterialization in hepatobiliary surgery and liver transplantation. Transplant Proc. 2007;39(6):1877-1878.

[3] Stange B, Glanemann M, Nüssler NC, et al. Indication, technique, and outcome of portal vein arterialization in orthotopic liver transplantation. Transplant Proc. 2001;33(1-2):1414-1415.

[4] Settmacher U, Stange B, Schaser KD, et al. Primary permanent arterialization of the portal vein in liver transplantation. Transpl Int. 2003;16(6):430-433.

[5] Iseki J, Touyama K, Noie T, et al. Partial portal arterialization for the prevention of massive liver necrosis following extended pancreatobiliary surgery: experience of two cases. Surg Today. 1992;22:568-571.

[6] Young AL, Prasad KR, Adair R, et al. Portal vein arterialization as a salvage procedure during left hepatic trisectionectomy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma. J Am Coll Surg. 2008;207(5):e1-6.

[7] Nardo B, Montalti R, Puviani L, et al. Portal vein arterialization in a patient with acute liver failure. Transplantation. 2005;79(7): 851-852.

[8] Nardo B, Caraceni P, Montalti R, et al. Portal vein arterialization: a new surgical option against acute liver failure? Transplant Proc. 2005;37(6):2544-2546.

[9] Schleimer K, Stippel DL, Kasper HU, et al. Portal hyperperfusion causes disturbance of microcirculation and increased rate of hepatocellular apoptosis: investigations in heterotopic rat liver transplantation with portal vein arterialization. Transplant Proc. 2006;38(3):725-729.

[10] Cohn R. Some effects upon the liver of complete arterialization of its blood supply. Surgery. 1952;32:214-219.

[11] Fisher B. A Suitable technique for total arterialization of the liver. Surgery. 1954;35:879-891.

[12] Shimizu Y, Miyazaki M, Shimizu H, et al. Beneficial effects of arterialization of the portal vein on extended hepatectomy. Br J Surg. 2000;87(6):784-789.

[13] Charco R, Margarit C, López-Talavera JC, et al. Outcome and hepatic hemodynamics in liver transplant patients with portal vein arterialization. Am J Transplant. 2001;1(2):146-151.

[14] Nardo B, Puviani L, Prezzi D, et al. Protective effect of portal vein arterialization in acute liver failure induced by hepatectomy in normal and fatty liver rat. Transplant Proc. 2006;38(10): 3249-3250.

[15] Nardo B, Puviani L, Caraceni P, et al. Successful treatment of CCL4-induced acute liver failure with portal vein arterialization in the rat. Transplant Proc. 2006;38(4):1187-1189.

[16] Schleimer K, Stippel DL, Kasper HU, et al. Portal vein arterialization increases hepatocellular apoptosis and inhibits liver regeneration. J Surg Res. 2008;149(2):250-258.

[17] Nardo B, Puviani L, Caraceni P, et al. Portal vein arterialization for the treatment of post resection acute liver failure in the rat. Transplant Proc. 2006;38(4):1185-1186.

[18] Schleimer K, Stippel DL, Kasper HU, et al. Auxiliary liver transplantation with flow-regulated portal vein arterialization offers a successful therapeutic option in acute hepatic failure – investigations in heterotopic auxiliary rat liver transplantation. Transpl Int. 2006;19(7):581-588.

[19] Pinto Kruel CR, Scherer de Fraga R, Dal Molin S, et al. Hepatic reperfusion in rats: a new model with portal arterialization in studying early ischemia-reperfusion injury. Transplant Proc. 2007; 39(10):3015-3018.

[20] Chen YL, Huang ZQ, Huang XQ, et al. Zhonghua Putong Waike Zazhi. 2000;15(6):348-351. 陈永亮,黄志强,黄晓强,等.门静脉动脉化对实验性梗阻性黄疸大鼠肝细胞凋亡的影响[J].中华普通外科杂志.2000,15(6):348-351.

[21] Li Destri G, La Greca G, Greco L, et al. Arterialization of the portal stump by right renal artery after portocaval shunt in the rat. Microsurgery. 2004;24(1):77-80.

[22] Fan YD, Praet M, Van Huysse J, et al. Effects of portal vein arterialization on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in the rat. Liver Transpl. 2002;8(2):146-152.

[23] Schleimer K, Stippel DL, Kasper HU, et al. Improved microcirculation of a liver graft by controlled portal vein arterialization. J Surg Res. 2004;116(2):202-210.

[24] Müller V, Ott R, Tannapfel A, et al. Arterialization of the portal vein in liver transplantation: a new microsurgical model in the rat. Transplantation. 2001;71(7):977-981.

[25] Müller V, Brummer D, Kissler H, et al. Effects of portal vein arterialization on regeneration and morphology in liver transplantation: investigations using the rat model. Transplantation. 2004;78(8):1159-1165.

来自本文课题的更多信息--

基金资助:南京军区医药卫生科研基金项目

(08MA104),课题名称:干细胞联合肝移植的临床和实验研究。

作者贡献:实验设计为吴均政、江艺、张小进,实施为

吴均政、张小进,评估者为江艺、吕立志,资料收集为吴均

政、张小进。江艺对文章负责。

利益冲突:课题未涉及任何厂家及相关雇主或其他经济

组织直接或间接的经济或利益的赞助。

伦理批准:实验过程中对动物的处置符合 2006年科学技术部颁布的《关于善待实验动物的指导性意见》的相关要

求。

本文创新性:

提供证据:检索 CNKI 数据库,检索时间:建库至2010-11,检索关键词:“门静脉动脉化、同种异体血管、套入式缝合”,未见相关文献。

创新点说明:大鼠门静脉动脉化模型较少,实验利用同

种异体血管套入式缝合实现门静脉动脉化模型,其有以下优

点:①血管内壁完整光滑,血小板不易黏附。②不会像支架

作为异物而被排斥,降低血栓发生率。③材料容易取得。④

动脉具有伸缩性。