1

ESTABLISHMENT AND

DEVELOPMENT

ITTO PROJECT PD 271/04 Rev. 3 (F)

MARCH 1st, 2006 – MAY 31st, 2008

Rehabilitation of Degraded Forest Land

Involving Local Communities

in West Java

Indonesia

3

Subarudi

@2008 by Forestry Service of Ciamis District (FSCD) and International Tropical

Timber Organization (ITTO)

This publication was made possible by the generous grant from the ITTO, Yokohama,

Japan

Published by

ITTO PROJECT PD 271/04 Rev.3 (F)

Forestry Service of Ciamis District

Ciamis, West Java, Indonesia

Available from

ITTO Project, FSCD

Phone/Fax : 62-265-772276

Website: http : www.dephut.go.id/rlps/itto pd271

www. forda-mof.org/itto pd271

Email : itto_ciamis@yahoo.com or rudipipet@telkom.net

PREFACE

I would like to thank to God for His bless to me in finishing the

Report of ITTO Nursery Establishment and Development on

time. This report is the notes of discussion result, the monitoring

and evaluation on the process of nursery planning and

establishment and the seedling production trial process in the

nursery area.

The notes where this report is based on, is conducted for 18

months from June 2006 to September 2007 with the

observation location is the ITTO nursery in the Maloya Sub-

Village, Muktisari Village, Cipaku Sub-District. The content of

the report has been updated with the actual information that

related to the change, addition and improvement of nursery

facilities during the seedling production trial process.

I realize that this report require the improvement and

information enrichment. Therefore, the constructive critics and

recommendations are highly expected in improving the report

and its discussion in future.

At last but not least, I would like to thank to many parties who

had give financial support, the idea and the aids in

implementing the nursery planning and establishment, the

seedling production trial process and the nursery development,

until this report is finished. I would like to thank to ITTO and the

government of Ciamis District for financing the project, Dr. Irsyal

Yasman and Dr. Masahide Yamato, Ir. Asep Purwanto, MM,

and Ir. Sudarmanto, M.Si who had gave the contribution and the

constructive recommendations for our report. I would like to

thank to Ir. Tiwa Sukrianto, MS and his staffs (The Forestry

Service of Ciamis District), Ir. Didik Supriadi and his staffs

(Agricultural High School of Ciamis District), Drs. Kasno

Subaryat, Oma Rochiman, SP and Soleh Mulyana, S.Hut. I

hope God will give you all His bless for your kind contributions.

Bogor, August 15, 2007

The Author

5

TABLE OF CONTENT

Page

Preface i Table of Content ii List of Tables iv List of Figures v List of Appendices vi I. INTRODUCTION 1

1.1. Background 1 1.2. Aim and Objectives 1

II. THE NURSERY DESIGN 3

2.1. Nursery Location 4 2.2. Total of Nursery Land Area 4 2.3. The Nursery Layout and the Making of Nursery Map 6 2.4. The Required Nursery Materials and Tools 6 2.5. Arranging the Budget Plan 6

III. THE NURSERY PHYSICAL ESTABLISHMENT 8

3.1. Land Preparation 8 3.2. The Road Making 9 3.3. Water Path Making 10 3.4. Fencing 10 3.5. Building Establishment 10

IV. THE TRIAL ON SEEDLING PRODUCTION 18

4.1. Technical Systemizing on the Nursery Location 18 4.2. The Production Process of High Quality Seedling 20 4.3. Maintaining Process of Seedling and Nursery Facilities 25 4.4. The Field and Office Administration 28 4.5. Fund Proposal and Its Payment Process 29 4.6. The Valuable Lesson from Seedling Production Trial Process 30

V. CALCULATION ON THE NURSERY PRODUCTION COST 33

5.1. Identification of Cost Components on Seedling Production 33 5.2. Calculation on Seedling Production Cost 35 5.3. The Alternative Financing Source of Nursery Operational 37

VI. THE NURSERY DEVELOPMENT PLAN 38

6.1. The Making of Nursery Area Border 38 6.2. Systemizing the Houses and Showroom of Collection Seedlings 39 6.3. The Improvement of Inspection Road 39 6.4. The Improvement of Watering Installation 39 6.5. The Improvement of Water Throwing Path 40 6.6. The Making of Meeting Room 40 6.7. The Establishment of Climatology Station 41 6.8. The Operational Plan of the Second Seedling Production 41 6.9. The Establishment of the Nursery Accounting System 42 6.10. The Application of Seed Tracking System 43 6.11. The Network Establishment 43 6.12. The Institutional of Nursery Management 44

VII.CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 45 7.1. Conclusion 45 7.2. Recommendation 46

BIBLIOGRAPHY 46

APPENDICES 48

7

LIST OF TABLES

Page

Table 1 The facilities of ITTO nursery 16

Table 2 Seed treatment is matched with the characteristic of germinated seed species

21

Table 3 Information about the seed origin, seed quantity/kg and seed price in the year of 2006

22

Table 4 The seedling treatment during in the replacement house 24

Table 5 The valuable lessons from the seedling production trial process 30

Table 6 Identification of the constant cost per year for the seedling production in the ITTO nursery

33

Table 7 Identification on variable cost of the seedling production (Rp/year) in ITTO nursery

35

Table 8 Calculation on seedling production cost in the ITTO nursery 36

Table 9 The amount and source of budget for forestry development program in the FSCD

37

LIST OF FIGURES

Page

Figure 1 The making process of nursery design 3

Figure 2 The location of ITTO nursery in Mekarsari Village, Cipaku Sub-District

5

Figure 3 Land clearing activity 8

Figure 4 Land flattening activity 9

Figure 5 Soil solidifying 10

Figure 6 The establishment of the germination house 11

Figure 7 The making of replacement house 12

Figure 8 The making of shading net 13

Figure 9 The making of greenhouse 14

Figure 10 Building for media mixing 15

Figure 11 Seedling watering by using nozzle 15

Figure 12 Warehouse for storing the nursery materials and tools 16

Figure 13 The improvement of terrace and replacement house 18

Figure 14 A process before and after the improvement of water throwing path by using bamboo

19

Figure 15 The terrace strengthening by using the rumput gajah 19

Figure 16 The process of seed selection in the nursery 20

Figure 17 The seed treatment in the germination house 21

Figure 18 Filling the media into the pollybag 23

Figure 19 Seedling replacement in the nursery area 24

Figure 20 The seedling cleaning in the nursery area 25

Figure 21 Seedling fertilizing in the nursery area 26

Figure 22 The seedling watering in the replacement house 26

Figure 23 The seedling watering in the nursery area by soaking process 27

Figure 24 The seedling selection in the nursery area 27

Figure 25 Organization Structure of Nursery Management 29

9

LIST APPENDICES

Page

Appendix 1 Nursery layout and design map 48

Appendix 2 Nursery review design by the national expert 49

Appendix 3 Report of discussion result and design improvement by the international expert

54

Appendix 4 Job description and responsibility of the nursery management 73

Appendix 5 The detail description of cost on inspection road improvement 81

Appendix 6 The detail description of cost and figure of the establishment of meeting room in the nursery area

82

PART I

INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background

The nursery establishment as stated in the Project Document of ITTO PD 271/04 Rev.3

(F) “Rehabilitation of Degraded Forest Land Involving Local Communities in West Java,

Indonesia” is one of the project activities under the output 2.1. (Establishment of

Nursery) with its production target of 1-2 million seedlings per year.

The nursery establishment under the Forestry Service of Ciamis District (FSCD) area is

an essential and highly required in order to support its policy on forest and land

rehabilitation (FLR). It also becomes a challenge and an opportunity for Ciamis District to

support the achievement of its development vision and mission, to be a center of

sustainable private forest development in East Priangan in the year of 2009.

The ITTO nursery is located in Maloya Block, Cijoho, Muktisari Village, Cipaku Sub-

District with 2.5 ha of its total area. There were two steps in establishing the ITTO

nursery, namely: (i) nursery design plan and (ii) nursery facility establishment. Those

steps were conducted through the bidding process in accordance with the Guideline for

Procurement and Payment of Goods and Services Financed from the Special Account,

ITTO, June 1993.

The ITTO nursery establishment is expected to be able to accelerate the FLR program

through the provision of high quality seedlings in Ciamis District that has ± 8,000 ha of

degraded land area with 2.4 million seedlings of seedling demand. It is assumed that 1

ha degraded land area required 300 seedlings for its rehabilitation.

Actually, there is 2000 ha degraded area in Ciamis District should be replanted by the

project according to the Project Document of ITTO PD 271/04 Rev. 3 (F). Therefore,

600,000 seedlings are required for the land rehabilitation. However, in a production trial

process on 2007, 1.27 million seedlings have successfully produced. It consists of 7

species. By considering the huge seedling production and the completed target of

degraded land area in Ciamis District in 2009, it requires an anticipation of current

nursery management to be more professional and profitable to support the achievement

of sustainable private forest management.

11

1.2. Aim and Objectives

The report of nursery establishment and development was made to give the complete

information regarding the process of nursery planning, establishment, seedling

production trial, as well as ITTO nursery development plan in future.

The nursery report has several objectives in providing the information regarding: (i)

nursery design, (ii) the establishment of nursery facilities, (iii) the implementation of

seedling production trial, (iv) calculation on nursery production cost and (v) plan of future

nursery development.

PART II

THE NURSERY DESIGN

The principle used in a nursery design is the success of high quality seedling production.

There are two main elements determining the successful seedling production, i.e. the

environmental factors and seedling production techniques in nursery operation as

illustrated in Figure 1.

Figure 1. The making process of nursery design (modification of PT Purba Margana

Report, 2006)

Nursery Development

Technical of

Seedling

Production Demand on

Material and Tool

Location

Determination

Layout and Map

Cost Budget

Plan

Location Selection

Requirements for

Nursery Location Physical

Environment

13

Figure 1 show that the physical environmental factors, which give influence to the

successful seedling production, are (i) availability of water resources, (ii) topography, (iii)

climate, (iv) accessibility, (v) community’s housing, (vi) electricity, (vii) communication

and (viii) the nursery layout. Meanwhile, the seedling production techniques that have

closely related to the successful production are the size and species of seed that would

be sowed, seed treatment, light demanding seedlings, seedling maintenance (weeding,

fertilizing, pest and disease control, and watering in replacement beds) and the selection

of ready to plant seedlings.

2.1. Nursery Location

Generally, the selection of nursery location is based on several considerations, for

instance:

1) Location; the nursery is established in the following location requirements: (i) near

with the planting location, (ii) near with the road to make easy the transportation

process and (iii) near with the community’s house to make easy in obtaining the

workers.

2) The water resources; water has to be available every time. It can be obtained from

the river, lake, swam, or ground.

3) Topography; the nursery should be established in flat area with the slope is less

than 5%. If it is more than 5%, the terrace should be made.

4) Climate and elevation; it is based on the seedling would be produced.

5) Electricity and communication facilities; it is required in seedling distribution and

office administration activity.

According to the field visit, the nursery location is located in Cijoho Sub-Village, Muktisari

Village, Cipaku Sub-District, Ciamis District with 2.5 ha of its total area. The condition of

ITTO nursery land area is different with the ordinary nursery, which is located in the land

with a high slope (more than 40%), where there is 50 meters difference between the

road and the top site of nursery as illustrated in Figure 2.

The criteria of site selection were based on supporting aspects, for instance, this location

would be a learning base for Agricultural High School and the community living in

surrounding nursery area. Various species of plants for private forest and agriculture

would be developed. Learning on soil and water conservation aspects, and learning for

the community about the basic of forestry development would be taken into

consideration in developing this nursery center. Therefore, the nursery development is

established by the multi-functions approach on the basis of education, conservation and

business.

2.2. Total of Nursery Land Area

The nursery area is determined by the number of seedlings to be produced. Generally,

the nursery land is divided into two big parts; one part for production process and

another part for its facilities. Land for production process, which consists of land for

houses, greenhouse or bud cutting container and replacement beds take 60% of land

total area. The rest 40% is used for the facilities, such as road, working base and other

buildings.

Figure 2. The location of ITTO nursery in Mekarsari Village, Cipaku Sub-District

The nursery land area can be calculated as follow:

Land Total Area = Production Land Area + Facilities Land Area Production Land Area = 100/60 x number of seedling production x 0,01 m2

Facilities Land Area = 100/60 x Production Land Area x 40/100

Note: 0.01 m2 is a pollybag size with 10 cm of its diameter (pollybag flat area is 100

cm2) for one seedling planting media

For example, if 1 million seedlings are going to be produced, the required land is:

Production Land Area = 100/60 x number of seedling that would

be produced

= 100/60 x 1.000.000

= 16,667 m2

= 1.67 Ha

15

Facilities Land Area = 100/60 x 1,67 x 40/100

= 1.11 Ha

The Required Land Area = 2.78 Ha

2.3. The Nursery Layout and The Making of Nursery Map

The nursery layout is the way to manage the seedling production units for making an

easy and smooth production process so that the seedling production target could be

achieved according to its production plan and time.

In this step, the appropriate layout of nursery building idicated the location of green

house, replacement house, warehouse, transport road, irrigation, and other facilities. In

determining the nursery layout, the function of each building to be built should be

considered to support the smoothness of seedling production process and working

convenient. The most important thing in determining the nursery layout is to create a

right distance among the production units and seedling trasportation and handling

process because of seedling healthy safety reasons.

The map of nursery design was made through the field survey process by using

measurement tools. The map making was conducted together with the determination of

nursery layout. The map was made in scale of 1:5000 as illustrated in Appendix 1.

2.4. The Required Nursery Materials and Tools

Based on the design map, the required tools and materials in establishing the nursery

are inventoried, for instance the greenhouse establishment (size and shape),

replacement beds (quantity, size and shape), water container (quantity, capacity and

height) for watering (number of watering point, watering area and length of watering

hose) and warehouse for placing the nursery materials (fertilizer, pollybag, seeds and

shading net) and tools (hand sprayer and hoe).

2.5. Arranging the Budget Plan

The budget for nursery establishment was arranged based on its conducted activity and

analysis on inventory result of required tools and materials. The analyzed budget

components covered: (1) the land preparation, (2) building establishment, (3) the

establishment of irrigation system, (4) machines and tools procurement, and (5) cost of

fuel, package, media, fertilizer, fee for worker and seedling maintaining.

The nursery design has completely been reviewed and analyzed by the national expert

(Dr. Irsyal Yasman) and international expert (Dr. Masahide Yamato) for nursery

technology. It covers: (i) positioning of nursery office and facilities, (ii) the technical

improvement of seedling beds, terrace, germination house and greenhouse making, and

(iii) the establishment of road access for seedling transport. The complete review on

nursery design can be seen in Appendix 2.

Besides that, the change and improvement of nursery design has been fully discussed

among the project team leader, consultant, national and international expert, and

coordinator on nursery establishment. The complete result of the discussion on nursery

design change has been reported by Dr. Masahide Yamato as contained in Appendix 3.

17

PART III

THE NURSERY PHYSICAL ESTABLISHMENT

The nursery physical establishment was conducted through the following steps: (i) land

preparation (terrace), (ii) road making, (iii) the irrigation making, (iv) fencing and (v) the

nursery facilities establishment (office, germination house, greenhouse, warehouse, etc).

3.1. Land Preparation

The land preparation was conducted through land clearing, land levelling and terrace

making, soil solidifying to make easy the replacement house making.

1. Land Clearing

The first activity in the nursery establishment was the land clearing. The land clearing

can be conducted manually or mechanically. It was depended on the land condition. In

the field with heavy topography and high quantity of workers, the land clearing is

conducted manually (Figure 3). At this step, the cutting of the useless protection trees

was conducted.

2. Land Levelling

To avoid the rest of rainwater and erosion, the land had to be flattened. This was

conducted manually by using a hoe and spade because of its heavy topography. The

levelling should be conducted in dry season (Figure 4). The land drainage system is also

arranged at this activity.

3. Solidification

The area of seedling production had to be solidified to be able to be well passed

anytime, in dry or rainy season. Beside that, solidification would repair the drainage as

seen in Figure 5.

Figure 3. Land clearing activity

Figure 4. Land clearing activity

Figure 5. Soil solidifying

3.2. The Road Making

According to the function, there were three kinds of road in nursery area, namely:

(1) Main road

It was made in landscape shape on the nursery area with 4 m in wide. Its middle

part was made higher than others. Meanwhile 30 – 50 cm water path was made

at its right and left sides with 30 cm of depth.

19

(2) Branching road

It was a road that connected the blocks with the available buildings. This road

has 3 m in wide.

(3) Inspection road

It was made in every 5 – 10 houses with 1 m in wide.

The road for seedling transport was finished in 2007 according to its plan schedule and

financed by a counter budget (Rp. 120 million) from FSCD. It was an effort in

establishing the infrastructures for nursery management in future.

3.3. Water Path Making

Number and type of water path were made depending on the type of soil, annual rainfall

and topography. The water path making was conducted by digging the ground manually

or mechanically. The making of water path was designed to follow the contour direction

because naturally, the water would flow from the higher site to the lower one.

3.4. Fencing

All of the nursery area should be fenced by 1.5 m of height. The type of fence was

determined on the available budget. In ITTO nursery, the area fencing was conducted by

planting Gmelina arborea around the nursery border through the practical session on the

training of tree planting for farmer on February 6 – 10, 2007. This activity was

implemented in such way because of unavailable budget for fencing in nursery

establishment budget.

3.5. Building Establishment

Basically, the nursery building consisted of two kinds of buildings, namely: (1) building for

seedling production, which consists of germination house, replacement beds, bud cutting

container, and greenhouse, and (2) supported building such as nursery office

(established by the FSCD), transport/inspection road, canal, water reservoir, and

warehouse.

1. The Germination House/Box

The shape of germination house was rectangle and usually has 1 m x 5 m of size. Its

ground surface was made 10 – 15 cm higher and its surrounding area was supported by

using woods, bricks or others. The 70 cm shading net made from polypropylene nets or

others were given to this sprouting house as illustrated in Figure 6.

Besides using the house of germination, the sprouting process can also use the

sprouting container made from wood or others. The size is 40 cm x 60 cm or 60 cm x 60

cm and 15 – 20 cm in height. This sprouting container was placed in the cupboard that

made from wood. Its size was made on the basis of the demand with 70 – 90 cm in

height. Shading nets with 85 cm in height from the floor were given to it.

2. The Replacement Beds

The replacement beds or the house for seedling growing was made in the shape of

rectangle with 1 m x 5 m in size. Its surrounding was strengthened by wood, brick or

other strong material. A 50 percent light transparent of shading net was applied in the

replacement beds. The number of replacement bed area showed the seedling capacity

in the nursery.

Therefore, the level of seedling production in ITTO nursery can be measured from the

number of replacement beds. There are 1200 units of replacement house with different

size, but the size 1 m x 5 m is dominant. The capacity of the replacement beds in ITTO

nursery was 1.2 – 1.4 million seedlings.

In the beginning, the border of repalcement bed would be made from bricks, due to the

budget limitation, it made from bamboo. In running process, another alternative, which

was using plastic rope, was showed up (Figure 7), considering that the plastic rope can

stand for 2 – 3 years. It is longer than bamboo that can only stand for 1 – 2 years.

Considering the ITTO permanent nursery, the use of bricks for the replacement beds’

border should be conducted to minimize its maintenance. At present, there are 40 units

of 1200 replacement houses have been used bricks for its border.

3. The Shading Net

The shading net made from wood and covered by the transparent plastic was used for

covering the seedling from bud cutting process, which is just replaced, to keep the air

moisture. Shading net was usually used for conditioning the seedling from point cutting

or direct pulling up of seedling under its mother trees. The shading net was also required

for the seedlings from the sprouting process to replacement beds in.

accordance with its sensitivity levels on the direct sunlight. The shading net made from

plastic or nylon with different light intensity (40%, 50% and 70%) was used as the

shading net in the replacement bed. The size of shading net was based on the need

(Figure 8).

21

Figure 6. The establishment of the germination house

Figure 7. The making of replacement beds

Figure 8. The making of shading net

4. The Greenhouse

The greenhouse was used to give a proper condition for seed growth and the seedling

production in a vegetative way. Inside the greenhouse, there are bud cutting boxes. The

size of greenhouse was made depending on the seedling volume to be produced.

For the permanent nursery, the frame of greenhouse should be made from steel, while

its roof is made from glass. However, in the ITTO nursery, the greenhouse is made from

wood as its frame and layered by plastic material because of the limited budget (Figure

9). However, it still fulfill its working standard and function.

5. Bud Cutting Box

Bud cutting box was made from wall or other materials, which was appropriate to be

placed inside the greenhouse. Cutting box with 1 m x 5 m in size and 50 cm in height

was covered by the plastic to keep the moisture. There are two kinds of bud cutting box,

i.e. the cutting box for the soild and liquid media. The available cutting boxes in ITTO

nursery are for the solid media and it can also be functioned as the germination box.

6. The Garden of Bud Cutting

The garden of bud cutting was a source of bud cutting materials. Its shape was a house

and the size was matched with its demand. While its location was near with the nursery

area. The shading net with 50% of its light intensity was given to the cutting garden or it

is placed under the tree crown. The cutting garden would be used if the nursery was

going to use the seedlings from dipterocarpaceae Family that its fruity season is once a

year with a short time dormancy, or for seedling types produced through the bud cutting

process. In the ITTO nursery, the cutting garden was not to be the important sources of

seedling production.

7. Building for the Media Processing

The building for media processing has covered by its roof but has no wall. It is used for

the workshop of the nursery media processing. The building was sheltered enough for

working place and its location was near with the replacement bed to make easy the

transport of pollybag filled by the media inside (Figure 10).

8. Watering Facility

The watering system was a watering installation that flow the water to the watering area.

The water should be placed in the water tub at first and then it was flowed through the

pipes by using the water pump.

The tool for watering was a long hose with rotational nozzle to produce the water cells

based on its need (Figure 11). The rotational nozzle was expected to be able to make

easy the watering process because the pushed nozzle had to be pushed by finger every

time and it was less efficient.

23

The height difference in nursery could be an advantage because the water reservoir was

placed in the higher site and watering could be conducted by a gravitation move without

using the electric pump.

Figure 9. Building of greenhouse

Figure 10. Building for media mixing

Figure 11. Seedlings were watered by using nozzle

9. Warehouse and Workshop

The warehouse and workshop were made in an appropriate size based on the nursery

production capacity. They were placed near with the media processing building (Figure

12). The size of warehouse was not enough for keeping the nursery materials and tools.

Therefore, it required with additional cupboards on the warehouse walls for its effective

and efficient uses. The height and wide of cupboard were highly depended on the type,

size and shape of materials and tools to be storaged.

Figure 12. Warehouse for storing the nursery materials and tools

Other ITTO nursery facilities were warehouse (for storaging the seeds, tools and

materials), greenhouse, room for seed sowing, and replacement beds with and without

the shading area as seen in Table 1.

Table 1. ITTO nursery facilities

No. Kinds of Facilities Quantity (unit) Capacity Function 1. Warehouse 1 24 m

2 Storaging of seeds, tools and

materials

2. Nursery office 1 40 m2 Management and

administration of nursery

3. Greenhouse 1 100 m2 Making of point for bud cutting

and seed sowing

4. Germination house 1 80 m2 Seed treatment and sowing

5. Washing base 1 4 m2 Cleaning of nursery working

tools

6. Shading area 1 3500 m2 Protecting seedlings from the

direct sunlight in the replacement bed

7. Installation and water tub

4 200 liter Watering seedlings at replacement beds

8. Replacement house 1200 1 m x 5 m Storing and growing seedlings

9. Workshop 1 36 m2 Mixing of media

Source: PT. Purba Margana (2006)

The improvement on nursery facilities such as the terrace, dam check, and road among

replacement beds and nursery building would be done through the regional (province)

budget.

25

PART IV

THE TRIAL ON SEEDLING PRODUCTION

The trial on seedling production in ITTO nursery covered the following activities: (1)

technical improvement of nursery location, (2) production process of high quality

seedlings, (3) maintaining process of seedling and nursery facilities, (4) improvement of

field and office administrations, (5) process of budget proposal and payment system, and

(6) valuable learning of trial seedling production.

4.1. Technical Improvement on the Nursery Location

The technical improvement of the nursery location from soil and water conservation

aspects, layout of replacement bed, inspection road improvement, improvement of water

throwing path and planting grasses for strengthening the terrace.

The improvement of terrace and reforming of the beds were conducted manually by

following the contour direction to reduce the fast of surface flow and erosion and to avoid

the landslide. The improvement of terrace and replacement beds (Figure 13) should be

conducted, considering that the change of beds and location where the grasses grow

during the nursery establishment.

For a while, the improvement of inspection road was conducted by making its size wider

and solidifying it to avoid erosion. The soil surface was swept away by the water flow. If

the budget was available, the inspection road can be hardened by using the paving block

to make easy the field inspection especially on the rainy season. This road has been

done in the project extension period.

The non permanent water-throwing path was conducted by using a prevention made

from bamboo to hold the high erosion and landslide. The condition before and after

making water-throwing path can be seen in Figure 14.

Avoiding the landslide near the terrace and replacement beds, grasses (the grass type is

rumput gajah) were planted to strengthen the terrace as seen in Figure 15. If they grow

properly, it is expected that its utilization should be anticipated by opening the location of

growing cows or sheeps so that the nursery workers can utilize their feces to be the

compost/organic fertilizer.

Figure 13. The improvement of terrace and replacement beds

Figure 14. A condition before and after improving the water throwing path by using

bamboos

Figure 15. The strengthening of terrace by using the rumput gajah

27

4.2. The Production Process of High Quality Seedling

The production process of high quality seedling was started from the seed procurement

(selection), sowing, sprouting process, filling the pollybag and putting of seedlings in the

replacement beds and seedlings selection for the planting materials.

1. Seed Procurement

The seed procurement was conducted by buying the seeds from the certified and

uncertified seedling providers. The uncertified seeds were selected. The general seed

selection was conducted by soaking the seeds into water. The best seeds taken were

the sink seeds with the assumption that the sink seeds have enough weight. It means

the enough nutrition was contained inside those seeds so that the opportunity of

sprouting is high enough (Figure 16).

2. The Seed Treatment

As mentioned above that the seed used in the seedling production trial in the ITTO

nursery is the seed from the source of certified and uncertified seeds. It is conducted to

find out the significant differences between them in the production process. Generally,

the certified forestry tree seed in West Java Province (Rayon 1) is given by the Forestry

Tree Seed Agency of Java – Bali, which is located in Sumedang.

There are 1.0 – 1.2 million seedlings to be involved in the seedling production trial.

However, in fact, there are 1.27 million seedlings with various seed and treatment

(Figure 17).

Basically, the seed treatment is required to make fast the sprouting process with high

percentage level of sprouting. The treatment on seed is highly depended on the seed

characteristic and the seed origin as described in Table 2.

To find out the percentage of seed sprouting ability, the information about seed quantity

in weight unit (kg) is required because generally the seeds are sold in kg unit.

Information about the seed quantity in one kg and seed price according to the seed

source can be seen in Table 3.

In table 3 (column 2), it is explained the certified seed source that consists of ISS, TBS

and SPA. ISS (Identified Seed Stand) is a natural stand or plants with average quality

(straight shape of trunk, easy forking) are used for seed production. SPA (Seed

Production Area) is an area of selected seed stand that its quality is improved through

the interior tree cutting (Anonymous, 2005).

Figure 16. The process of seed selection in the nursery

Figure 17. The seed treatment in the germination house

Table 2. Seed treatment is matched with the characteristic of germinated seed

species

No. Seed Origin Kinds of Seed Treatment Sprouting Ability (%)

Remark

1. Teak of JPP Be sprayed by using gasoline and then be burned

48 The seed is expired

2. Local Teak Be sprayed with gasoline and then be burned

90

3. Certified Manglid Be soaked in the mixing of water and Nasa liquid

50 The seed is expired

4. Uncertified Manglid

Be soaked in the mixing of water Nasa liquid

90

5. Certified Suren Be soaked in the cool water 50 The seed is expired

6. Uncertified Suren Be soaked in the cool water 90

7. Certified Sengon Be soaked in the hot water 95

8. Uncertified Sengon

Be soaked in the hot water 90

29

9. Pulai Be mixed with the kitchen dust

90

10. Meranti Be soaked in the mixing of water and fungicide

75

11. Petai Be soaked in the cool water 90

12. Lengkeng Be soaked in the cool water 90

13 Durian Be soaked in the cool water 95

Source: Forestry Service of Ciamis District (2007)

Hierarchically, the arrangement of certified seed quality from top to bottom is the seed

orchard, SPA, TBS, and ISS/TBI. This arrangement is directly related to the seed price

per kg, where the price of SPA seed is more expensive than the TBT seed.

The following Table 3 shows that the calculation of required seed is a multiplication

process among the produced seeds then divided by the seed sprouting ability and

seedling survival rate in the replacement house. Based on the experience of CV Calakan

as one of the seedling providers, the average of sprouting ability of certified seed is 95%

and the percentage of dead seedlings in replacement house is 5 – 10%.

Table 3. Information about the seed origin, seed quantity/kg and seed price in the

year of 2006

No. Seedling Species

Average of Seedling Quantity

(Seed/Kg)

Sprouting Ability (%)

Survival Rate in the

Replacement House

(%)

Seed Price (Rp/kg)

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

1. Manglid (ISS)1) 9.000 90 90 500.000

2. Uncertified Manglid 80 50 175.000

3. Suren (TBS)2) 80.000 90 90 600.000

4. Uncertified Suren 90 90 20.000

5. Teak (JPP)3) 1.500 90 85 300.000

6. Teak (TBT)3) - - 100.000

7. Local Teak 90 85 20.000

8. Sengon(SPA) 1) 40.000 95 90 1.500.000

9. Uncertified Sengon 90 50 50.000

10. Pulai (SPA) 4) 200.000 95 90 3000.000

11. Uncertified Pulai 90 80 1000.000

12. Uncertified Tisuk 200.000 90 80 20.000

Source: 1) Purchasing Note from CV. Calakan, Ciawi Tasikmalaya; 2) Purchasing Note from Makmur Farmer

Group, Sumedang; 3) Circulation Letter of President Director of Perhutani; dan 4) Information

from PT Xylo, Palembang.

.

3. Filling the Pollybag

Filling the pollybag is conducted by preparing the media that will be inputted into the

pollybag. The ratio of replacement media is 1 : 1 for compost and (local) clay. The

activity of replacement media mixing and its inputting process to the pollybag can be

seen in Figure 18.

4. Seedling Replacement

Seedling replacement is conducted by replacing the seeds (generally the small size

seeds) into the pollybag and then put it into the replacement house for seedling

“conditioning” in the environment (Figure 18). The seeds in this step have been passed

the sprouting process at first.

Seedling replacement should be conducted carefully and full patience with a correct

procedure. This activity is conducted by the women because they are generally more

accurate, careful and patience than the men in doing their job.

Figure 18. Filling the media into the pollybag

Figure 19. Seedling replacement in the nursery area

31

Each seedling in each replacement house is well maintained. The shading net usage is

determined based on the seedling characteristic. The detail information on seedling

treatment in the replacement house and its growth ability can be seen in Table 4.

Table 4. The seedling treatment during in the replacement house

No. Seed Origin Kinds of Treatment(

Shading net)

Number of Inputted Seedling (seedling)

Number of Current Seedling (seedling)

Growth Percentage (%)

Location of House Number

1. Teak of JPP Yes 960 816 85 637

2. Local Teak Yes 93.331 79.331 85 575-659

3. Certified Manglid Yes 952 738 90 738

4. Uncertified Manglid Yes 168.542 84.271 50 660-761

5. Certified Suren Yes 7.150 6.430 90 466-470

6. Uncertified Suren Yes 199.173 179.255 90 471-574

7. Uncertified Sengon No 747.338 373.669 50 1-465

8. Pulai Yes 1.000 800 80 793-795

9. Meranti Yes 18.335 12.835 70 762-780

10. Petai No 8.667 7.800 90 781-787

11. Tisuk Yes 1.476 1.180 80 798-799

12. Cacao No 200 100 60 800

13. Lengkeng No 4.419 3.977 90 796-797

14. Durian No 4.518 4.066 90 788-792

Total (average) 1.247.049 775.406 (62.2)

Source: Forestry Service of Ciamis District (2007)

4.3. Maintaining Process of Seedling and Nursery Facility

The process of seedling maintenance is conducted through the activity of seedling

cleaning from the disturbance plants, pest and disease observation and destroying,

seedling watering and fertilizer. Meanwhile, the nursery facility maintenance covers the

maintenance activity on the terrace, drainage, falling field, etc.

1. The Seedling Cleaning

The seedling cleaning is the activity to clean the seedling from any disturbance plants

that will bother the seedling growth in the replacement house (32 units). This activity is

conducted manually and can be seen in Figure 20. The dead seedling is put off to avoid

its possibility to be a disease in the nursery.

Figure 20. The seedling cleaning in the nursery area

2. Fertilizing

Fertilizing is using the leaf fertilizer, which is 2 gr/plant gandasil fertilizer. Fertilizing is

intended for the seedlings with slow growth and have bio element deficiency symptom as

explained in Appendix 4. The seedling fertilizing in the replacement house can be seen

in Figure 21.

3. Watering

The seedling watering was conducted when the seedling was too dry. The seedling

watering was carried out twice a day, in the morning and afternoon. On the rainy season,

the frequency of seedling watering was reduced and determined on the wet rate level of

seedling media. The seedling watering in the nursery area can be seen in Figure 22.

The watering trial process was conducted by flowing the water into the replacement beds

(40 units) to soak the seedlings in the pollybag until the water filling 1/3 part of pollybag

height. After that, the water was immediately passed by into the next bottom replacement

bed using the gravitation and height difference among the replacement beds (Figure 23).

This technique was conducted for finding out the water efficiency.

Figure 21. Seedling fertilizing in the nursery area

33

Figure 22. The seedling watering in the replacement beds

Figure 23. The seedling watering in the nursery area by soaking process

4. Seedling Selection

The seedling selection was implemented in the planting season. It uses certain criteria

based on the types of seedling characteristics, such as 30 – 40 cm in high, 5 – 10 leaves

and 1 – 2 cm in seedling trunk diameter. The seedling selection can be seen in Figure

24.

Figure 24. Seedling selection in the nursery area

5. Hardening Off

Before seedling transfered, there was a step of seedling hardening off for 6 – 8 hours. It

was conducted in order to prepare the seedling in its transporting process to the planting

location.

6. Seedling Transporting

The seedling transporting was conducted after determining the exact planting location

and preparing the planting holes. The seedling transporting was successful if the number

of dead seedlings in its transporting process was relatively low (2-4%). Handling of

seedling transporting became an impor thing for the success of planting in fields.

To support the seed tracking process and the implementation of nursery accounting

system, the seedling transport could be supported by the accurate data recording to find

out the rate of growing trees and the origin of seed sources.

4.4. The Field and Office Administration

The field administration covered the making of the operational plan, budget proposal,

needed materials, data recording on all seedling production process, and workers’ salary

payment. Meanwhile, the office administration included the making of the daily attendant

list for the workers, administration of payment, monthly report and incidental report if

there were any special events to be reported.

In achieving the nursery administration and the sustainability of ITTO nursery

management, the project team leader has designed the nursery management (Figure

24). It had three main tasks, namely: (1) to produce 1.2 million seedlings from 6 tree

species, (2) to build the physical and administration of nursery management effectively

and efficiently, and (3) to prepare any management requirements as an anticipation to be

a technical implementation unit of FSCD at any time.

The main tasks and function, rights and obligations, authority and working result of each

nursery officer can be seen in Appendix 4.

35

Figure 25. Organization Structure of Nursery Management

4.5. Fund Proposal and Its Payments Process

Buget proposal was conducted through several steps: (1) the nursery manager proposes

the required budget proposal to the coordinator of nursery establishment (Ir.

Sudarmanto, M.Si) and after being reviewed properly, the coordinator signs and

deliveries the proposal to the project team leader.

The payment system was conducted by the project team leader after having intensive

discussion with the coordinator. They also noted certain issues related to the required

tools, materials and available budget.

After revising and approving the budget proposal, the project team leader asks the

project treasurer to pay bills as stated in the proposal based on the working step.

After paying the bills, the nursery manager purchased nursery tools and materials on the

basis of the approved budget. The nursery manager was also obligated to make a

monthly report that was attached by the transaction receipts and given it to the project

treasurer as his responsibility.

MAINTENANCE AND

REPLACEMENT

SEEDING AND

SEEDLING

PROCESS

WATERING AND

INSTALLATION

NURSERY

PLANNING

COORDINATOR OF

FIELD

OPERATIONAL

SECRETARY AND

NURSERY

ADMINISTRATION

PUBLIC RELATION AND

NURSERY EXTENSION

4.6. Valuable Lessons from a Seedling Production Trial Process

In trial seedling production process, there were several valuable lessons to be

considered for running the next seedling production smoothly and for apreventing the

mistakes during the trial process. It was expected to be is more effective and efficient

production in the future as written in Table 5.

Table 5. The valuable lessons from the trial process of seedling production

No. Seedling Production Activity

Main Handicaps Solution Valuable Lessons Learned

1. The improvement of field condition

1. Bad condition of seedling beds (high sedimentation)

2. Drainage was

less functioned 3. Bad inspection

roads

Do land flattening and improve the beds in the rainy season Make the drainage, water throwing path (WTP), good terrace and waterfall Improve the inspection roads

1. Monitoring on land flattening and solidifying should be properly conducted 2. Techniques of WTP establishment should be carried out by contractor of nursery establishment. 3. Designing the quantity and shape of inspection road based on the needs and available budget.

2. Seed procurement

1. Low percentage of seed growth

2. Mahoni seeds

were difficult to be obtained

Buy the new and fresh seeds. Change with Meranti seeds.

1. Knowing the seed characteristic and expired date before seed purchasing. 2. Identifying the system and period of flowering and fruiting for mahogany.

3. Process of seed sowing and seedling grow

1. Workers were in learning process

2. Germination

house in the green house was limited

3. Hurricanes

happened and destructed the green house, germination and replacement beds’ roof

Find out effective guidance and selection of workers Make alterna-tive house in the opening area with shading net Do a quick field improvement

1. A technical guidance was required in empowering the available local workers.

2. In all limited sources,

an idea, innovation and initiative should be developed.

3. Quick and accurate responses from the management were highly expected to improve the existing condition

37

4. The water debit was 0.26 liter/second; it was less than the water demand

5. The shading nets

for replacement beds were not enough

Propose the replacement of water pump and water tanks Make an impermanent shading area, especially for sunlight sensitive seedlings

4. Accurate planning in seedling watering system must be required in avoiding the extra costs.

5. Management should

calculate the cost of impermanent shading nets (coconut leaves).

4. Maintenance process in the replacement beds

1. The previous pollybags were decay and full of gulma (± 20 % broken).

2. The rate of

gulma’s growth was faster because of heavy rainfall.

Do a step by step approach for selecting and changing those pollybags Do a systematic cleaning because of limited maintenance budget.

1. Pollybag filling process should be conducted integra-tedly in accordance with the proper plan of the seedling production process.

2. Seedling mainte-

nance should be conducted effectively and efficiently.

5. Financial planning process

1. The distribution of materials and funds were not smoothly obtained

2. The realization of

approved budget was not applied properly.

Do a rescheduling on seed sowing and replacing processes Deliver the report and proposal to the head of FSCD for approval

1. Planning and calculation of the required materials should be conducted rationally

2. Guidance in a making

of propor-tional and rational budget proposal was highly required.

6. Improvement on the field and office nursery administration.

1. The field administration was not really handled because the management focused only on the seedling production.

2. The office

administration has been implemented. However, the archiving system has not touched yet.

Apply the working time management. Apply good archieves management

1. Science and knowledge on effective working mechanism should be given to the nursery management.

2. Archive manage-ment

and data recording on production process were highly required to support the nursery accounting system.

PART V

CALCULATION ON THE NURSERY PRODUCTION COST

The establishment of permanent nursery has been completed in 2.5 ha land area with

1.2-1.6 million seedlings from 6 selected tree species as its production capacity. The

nursery operation was trying out with producing of 1.27 million seedlings.

Realizing and learning from the experiences of another foreign aid projects, the

establishment of nursery facilities was often neglected after the project ending so that the

ITTO nursery sustainability should be properly planned at least for the next 10 years

operation.

One of the efforts in anticipating the sustainability of ITTO nursery was the review on the

seedling production cost per plant species to know the required budget of ITTO nursery

operation. Therefore, the calculation on seedling production cost was highly required by

considering all expenses during the establishment and operational of the nursery.

The objectives of calculation on the seedling production cost are: (1) to identify the

expenses during the ITTO nursery operational, (2) to calculate the break event point of

each plant species and the production cost of each seedling, (3) to find out the

alternative of financing sources and nursery management.

5.1. Identification of Cost Components on Seedling Production

The required cost on seedling production in the ITTO nursery covered the fixed and

variable costs. It is classified based on the direct and indirect cost related to the seedling

production.

1. Fixed Costs

Fixed costs were spent by the nursery unit. The costs were usually not determined by

the number of products produced. They covered the costs of nursery establishment, the

office tools procurement, office facilities maintenance and nursery officers’ salary

payments as written in Table 6.

39

Table 6. Identification of the fixed cost per year for the seedling production in the ITTO

nursery

No. Description on Fixed Costs Cost (Rp)

Usage Period (year)

Fixed Cost (Rp/year)

1. Amortization on planning and physical establishment cost

268,308,250 10 47,490,560

2. Amortization on cost of office building establishment

80,000,000 10 14,160,000

3. Amortization on land flattening cost

40,000,000 10 7,080,000

4. Amortization on electric installation cost

7,778,300 10 1,376,759

5. Amortization on procurement cost of nursery (shading net and hand sprayer) and office tools (computer and working desks)

19,225,000 5 5,325,325

6. Amortization on maintenance cost of nursery facility and equipment

9,070,000 5 2,512,390

7. Cost for nursery management officers’ salary (Rp/month)

2,500,000 1 30,000,000

8. Cost for adding the water tank, pump and drums

31.374.000 5 8,609,598

9. Installation cost for name plate for building and other nursery facilities

12,540,000 5 3,473,580

Total 120,028,212

Source: ITTO Project (2007)

Table 6 showed that the amortization costs and highest capital interest were on the

activity of nursery physical planning and establishment (39.6%), personal salary payment

(25.0%) and office building establishment (11.8%). Meanwhile, the lowest amortization

cost was to buy the nursery tools and equipments, computer and working desks.

To calculate the next seedling production cost after the end of the project, the

amortization cost could be eliminated because it had been financed from the ITTO

project (grant) budget (no obligation to return the investment) so that price of seedlings

production must be lower and more profitable if the seedlings were sold to the external

buyers.

2. Variable Costs

Variable cost was a cost spent by the nursery unit and the amount was determined on

the output/productivity/production volume. The costs were money spent for buying the

pollybag, fertilizer, fee of media mixing and filling the pollybag as written in Table 7.

Table 7. Identification on variable cost of the seedling production (Rp/year) in ITTO

nursery

No. Description of Variable Costs

Real Needed (Unit)

Unit Price (Rp/Unit)

Total Amount (Rp/Year)

1. Mixing and filling of media for the pollybag

1,400,000 30/pollybag 42,000,000

2. Seeds procurement 335.9 kg - 23,625,000

3. Working contract on putting seedling into replacement beds

1,400,000 10/seedling 14,000,000

4. Seedling maintenance 5 months 6,440,000/month 32,200,000

5. Chemical fertilizer procurement

1000 kg 5,000/kg 5,000,000

6. Pollybag procurement 2100 kg 16,500/kg 34,650,000

7. Compost or organic media 60 ton 700/kg 42,000,000

8. Pesticide and fungicide 60 liter 50,000/liter 3,000,000

9. Electricity payment 12 months 350,000/month 4,200,000

Total 200,675,000

Source: ITTO Project (2007)

Table 7 showed that the highest variable costs in seedling production were used for

media filling cost (20.9%), compost media procurement (20.9%), pollybag procurement

(17.3%) and seedling maintenance (16.0%). Meanwhile the lowest variable costs were to

buy chemical fertilizer (NPK), pesticide and fungicide.

5.2. Calculation on Seedling Production Cost

Based on the Table 6 and 7, the calculation on total cost and cost per unit of seedling

production wer conducted for each species as written in Table 8.

The seedling production cost for each species was conducted by using an assumption of

1.2 million produced seedlings from one species so that the cost for the various seeds

(Table 7) was changed with the purchasing cost of individual seed as written in Table 8

column 3.

Table 8 showed that the seedling production cost for each seedling was obtained from

the result of varibale cost substitution for seedling production of 6 certified tree species

with the varibale cost of seed purchasing for each species (column 3).

41

Table 8. Calculation on seedling production cost in the ITTO nursery

No. Species of Produced Seedling

Seed Provision Cost (Rp )

Seedling Cost (Rp/seedling)

Seedling Price*) (Rp)

BEP (unit)

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

1. Certified Manglid (Manglitea glauca)

82,304,530 316 1.138 130,201

2. Uncertified Manglid 58,333,330 296 715 231,338

3. Certified Teak (Tectona grandis)

313,725,490 509 878 194,674

4. Local Teak 20,915,032 265 585 285,763

5. Certified Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria)

52,631,579 292 650 261,729

6. Uncertified Sengon 3,333,330 250 455 393,949

7. Certified Suren (Toona sureni)

11,111,110 257 878 166,430

8. Uncertified Suren 370,360 248 585 274,571

9. Certified Pulai (Alstonia scholaris)

21,052,630 265 1.463 92,478

10. Uncertified Pulai 8,333,330 255 975 146,285

11. Uncertified Tisuk 166,667 248 715 211,572

Average

Remark: *) The selling price was calculated based on the standard price of seedling in Rayon I

(Permenhut No. P. 34/Menhut-V/2005) minus the cost of seedling lost because of its

distribution (± 15%) and its transportation cost (± 20%).

Based on the calculation, the cost of 1.2 million produced seedlings from 6 tree species

was Rp. 320.703.212 or Rp. 267 per seedling. The cost per unit seedling of Manglid in

the ITTO nursery was Rp. 296. It was higher than in the CV Calakan, which was Rp. 240

per seedling (Yamin, 2007). This was caused by impermanent nursery facilities used by

CV Calakan so that its fixed cost was relatively low.

BEP was obtained by using the standard formula. It achieved around 92.500-394.000

seedlings for each species with the lowest value of seedling production obtained by

certified Pulai and the highest value gained by uncertified Sengon. The seedling price

used in BEP calculation was the seedling price in Gerhan (National Movement on Forest

and Land Rehabilitation) as stated in Decision Letter (SK) of Forestry Minister No.

71/Kpts-II/2005 regarding the cost standard of seedling procurement for Gerhan, where

the price of Sengon, Manglid, Suren, Teak, Mahogany and Pulai was Rp. 1.600/seedling.

The production cost per seedling from the certified seed was approximately Rp. 10 - Rp.

240. It was more expensive than the uncertified seeds. Meanwhile its selling price from

certified seed was Rp. 40 - Rp. 490 and more expensive than the uncertified seeds.

5.3. The Alternative Financing Source of Nursery Operational

The calculation showed that the production cost for one seedling was between Rp. 248 –

Rp. 509. It depended on the tree species. So, if the FSCD would like to produce 2 million

seedlings, then, budget of Rp. 484 million – Rp. 1.02 billion per year should be

allocated. Actually, this value was not too high and still profitable if those seedlings were

sold to Gerhan and GRLK (Movement on Degraded Land Rehabilitation) programmes.

The average budget for those two programmes that by the FSCD was approximately Rp.

3.76 billion per annum as described in Table 9.

Table 9. The total amount and source of budget for forestry development program in

the FSCD

Program Source of Budget

Amount of Budget (x Rp. million) for year

Average (x Rp. million) 2004 2005 2006

Private forest establishment

District budget

3,106.37 3,162.29 6,167.93 4,145.53

GRLK Province budget

30.04 1,000.00 900.00 643.33

Gerhan National budget

4,859.71 2,266.63 2,232.74 3,119.69

Total 7,996.13 6,428.92 9,300.67 7,908.55

Source: FSCD (2005; 2006a; 2006b)

Table 9 indicated that the average of annual budget at Ciamis District was Rp. 7.91

billion. It come from the district budget (52.4%), the national budget (39.5%) and the

province budget (8.2%). Therefore, the operational cost of ITTO nursery after the project

ending could be directly financed and managed by the FSCD by forming the technical

implementation unit (TIU) on nursery and seedling production. The TIU on nursery could

be directed as a unit of self-financed and profitable business organization under the

FSCD supervision.

43

PART VI

THE NURSERY DEVELOPMENT PLAN

Some of PSC (Project Steering Committee) members consisting of head of Forestry

Service of West Java Province, head of FSCD, head of Watershed Management Agency

of Cimanuk-Citanduy, Administrator of Perhutani KPH (Forest Management Unit) Ciamis,

APKR (Association of Community Wood Business) of Ciamis and other stakeholders

discussed seriously the nursery development plan the nursery location at Maloya,

Mutisari Village on February 12, 2007.

It was decided that the several things could be taken as input materials for the next

nursery development. These were: (1) making of nursery area border, (2) improvement

of replacement beds and showwindow of seedlings collection, (3) improvement of the

inspection road, (4) improvement of watering installation, (5) improvement on water

throwing path, (6) establishment of meeting room, (7) establishment of climatology

station, (8) operational plan on the second period seedling production, (9) making of

nursery accounting system, (10) implementation of seed tracking system, (11) network

establishment, and (12) institutional system of nursery management. The future design

plan of nursery was explained in a below detail description.

6.1. The Making of Nursery Area Border

Fences on the ITTO nursery area became an important border to be known by the

community in avoiding the cases of land invasion and encroachment. The bordering

would also give the land security that was being utilized for the nursery operational

activity.

Legal aspect of land utilization, where its oiginal land was owned by the local

government and managed by the Agricultural High School (Agricultural Service), should

be immediately provided through a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between the

Agricultural Service of Ciamis District and the FSCD as the main user or borrower of

Agricultural High School land.

The nursery area border had been established by planting Gmelina arborea around the

land area. It was conducted through practical session of training on Planting and

Forestry Administration for private forest on February 6 – 19, 2007. The establishment of

area border with Gmelina arborea would be more efficient and cheap than using the wall

from brick or concrete cement.

The monitoring of area border was conducted by checking the growth rate of Gmelina

arborea around the nursery area, by replacing the dead plant and by maintaining the

growing plants.

6.2. Improvement of Seedling Beds and Showwindow of Seedling Collection

The seedling replacement beds improvement had been conducted by making the sketch

of beds location and giving the ascending number of beds and the identity board for each

bed. However, this improvement should be followed by making the border for each

house permanently by using bricks because it is stronger than bamboo or plastic rope.

Actually, this improvement was completed at the project extension period.

The bed improvement should be connected to the production process for certain species

through a planting of ornamental plants with special color to make a clear identity for the

production area of each plant species in field.

The showwindow for the collection of produced seedlings was highly required to make

the visitors or consumers interested in identifying the available seedling species in the

nursery because it has been already informed in the showwindow. The local and Latin

name board including ordo, family and species was made for each species of the

seedling collection.

The making of seedling showwindow had to be different with the improvement of other

replacement beds that were available in the nursery area. The showwindow should

attract the visitors to come and learn the available seedling species, the seed source and

its source of origin.

6.3. The Improvement of Inspection Road

The inspection road had been made in the process of nursery establishment. However,

since the nursery location had a heavy topography and a high risk in landslide, the

improvement of the inspection road became an important and crucial issue. The

hardening off on the inspection road by using the paving blocks without eliminated the

function of water absorption into the ground because it is only properly arranged

between one stone to another, should be conducted.

45

The required budget for this activity is Rp. 50 million with the detail description can be

seen in Appendix 5. This work of inspection road improvement was fully conducted

through the 3 months project extension activity.

6.4. The Improvement of Watering Installation

The watering installation had been made in the process of nursery establishment.

However, as the time passed by and the result of seedling production trial, there were

several aspects in watering activity that should be improved, such as: (i) the addition of

new water tanks, (ii) change on the water pipe installation, (iii) the addition of new well

and water pump, and (iv) the making of sprinkle (automatic watering tools).

The addition of new tanks were highly required in anticipating the dry season and the low

water debit (0.3 liter/second) that made late the watering activity due to low water flow.

At present, there were 3 new units of bulit tanks. Its placement area was determined on

the ability and capacity of the tanks in supplying water to the available replacement beds.

The availability of the new tanks gave an effect to the change of available water pipe

installation so that the seedling watering process in the nursery area would be more

effective and efficient. This change should be illustrated in the scheme to make easy its

controlling and improvement if there were any broken pipe. The pipe damage would be

detected easily and repaired immediately.

The addition of new wells was required as the main water source for filling the

established new tanks. Besides that, the water pump should be increased its capacity

because the current capacity of water pumps was not enough for watering the seedlings

in 1000 units of replacement beds. The addition of new wells and water pumps was

expected to be the right solution of water supply problem and to make easy the seedling

watering in the dry season.

The making of sprinkle was expected to be able to reduce the big workers’ payment for

watering activity. The watering by using sprinkle should be specificly designed because

the nursery location had a heavy topography so that the water sprays from the sprinkle

has to be exactly touching all the seedlings in the replacement beds. Another alternative

that was currently implemented was the using of rotational nozzle to produce various

size of water flow to make fast the watering system. It was expected that the

improvement of water installation and the watering method, and the using of nozzle

could reduce the huge watering cost in the seedling production activity.

6.5. The Improvement of Water Throwing Path (WTP)

The WTP between the location areas of the replacement bed had to be conducted

properly, considering that the nursery area had a heavy topography and had a high risk

in landslide if the rain is highly falling.

At present, the WTP had been made by making the impermanent protector of WTP

falling points that made from bamboo to avoid the soil erosion and landslide because the

nursery establishment budget was relatively small so that it was difficult to establish the

permanent WTP.

The available WTP should be improved by giving the big enough PVC to avoid the

erosion and landslide around the nursery area because the run off can be flowed

properly so that it would not directly erode the soil as the buffer of the drainage.

6.6. Making of Meeting Room

The utilization of ITTO nursery as a center for nursery and seedling production

technology would transfer the technology to the private forest farmer and the forestry

extension officers. The representative meeting room with capacity of 30-40 persons

would be established.

The meeting room should be equipped by simple and cheap learning facilities without

reducing the effectiveness of science and technology transfer to the private forest

farmers.

The location of the meeting room had been determined in the bottom area of the nursery

location. It required Rp. 50 million for the meeting room establishment and Rp. 50 million

for purchasing the learning facilities. The detail description of the establishment cost and

figure of meeting room can be seen in Appendix 6. In the beginning step, the simple

meeting facility has been made.

6.7. The Establishment of Climatology Station

The utilization of ITTO nursery as the center of nursery and technology transfer required

the supported information relating to the weather and climate around the nursery

location. Therefore, the climatology station was highly required to provide the information

related to the quantity, frequency and intensity of the rainfall, the lowest and the highest

temperature, wet and dry month in a year, and the average of the daily, monthly, and

annual rainfall.

47

The information of weather and climate was very important and useful for (i) research

and development of seedling production, and (ii) supervision on its growth in the ITTO

nursery area and in the land of private forest farmers. Therefore, it should be found out

at first, whether the weather station was available around the nursery area or the

Agricultural High School. If it was available, it was better to do collaboration on the

information utilization.

6.8. The Operational Plan of the Second Seedling Production

The obtained information from the seedling production trial could be a consideration in

making the operational plan of the second seedling production, for instance: (i)

application of the nursery administration system and data recording, (ii) scheduling on

the seedling production for each species, (iii) using of standard on operational procedure

(SOP) for seedling production, (iv) monitoring and evaluation on the origin of the seed

source, (v) optimization on the compost usage, and (vi) recalculation on the seedling

production cost.

The nursery administration had been made for all seedling production process so that

the nursery management could use it directly for the second process of the seedling

production. This administration system was designed to support the nursery accounting

system by putting data and information of seedling production process in field.

The scheduling on seedling production for each species was highly required in

optimizing the capacity of available replacement beds and in reducing the seedling

maintaining cost. The production time could be fixed by determining the rainy season as

the time guidance in selecting the ready to be planted seedling. After determining the

planting time, it determined the time for selecting the seedling, sowing the seeds and

deteriminig how long the sprouting process for those seedlings. For example, the

production time for Sengon (Albizia falcataria) seedlings caused the field problem due to

fast seedling grows in the replacement bed so that its roots perforated the pollybag and

grown inside the ground level. It would require the proper seedling shifting and reduced

the additional working cost for this activity.

The SOP for each seedling production step had been available so that the workers could

use the SOP as the working guidance in each seedling production. The SOP was highly

required in producing the seedlings with high quality to meet its standard and reliable

levels.

The result of seedling production trial provided data on the Source of origin for seeds

with high rate of sprouting viability and high survival rate in the replacement beds and in

planting location. The seed source was consistently recorded in producing the high

quality seedling. Therefore, the seed procurement from those seed sources should be

kept and at the same time, a trial on new seed sources with cheaper price should also be

conducted.

The use of compost or organic materials in seedling production trial process was

successful enough in increasing the seedling growth. However, the cost was relatively

expensive. It required an applied research and development in obtaining the optimal ratio

in the mixed compost and soil. Does the ratio 1:1 have reached the maximum value or

another optimum rate of its mixing ratio have to be found?

To reduce the purchasing cost of compost, the nursery manager was expected to be

able to produce the compost material in the nursery it self. It would reduce the cost on

compost provision in the second seedling production process.

Cost recalculation on the second seedling production was highly required in finding the

optimization between the produced seedling quality and the spent seedling production

cost. In this case, the main principle was a produced seedling quality with a minimum

production cost. Recalculation on the seedling production cost was very important in

anticipating the change on nursery management to the more professional direction and

having sense of business to obtain the feasible profit.

Therefore, the simple program should be established in calculating the main price of

seedling production to analyze the sensitivity of main price of the produced seedlings.

6.9. The Establishment of Nursery Accounting System

The nursery accounting system was proposed by the Dr. Hiras Sidabutar in the third

meeting of PSC as an effort to support the seed tracking system on the produced

seedlings in the ITTO nursery.

The nursery accounting system was divided into 4 steps, namely: (i) process of tools and

materials flow in the warehouse, (ii) process of seed sowing in the germination house,

(iii) the process of seedling replacement and maintenance in the replacement beds, and

(iv) the process of seedling selection, transportation and planting in field.

The nursery accounting system was established by using the Microsoft Access and

designed simply and easily for its operator. Every data recording on production process

49

in field could be directly entered to this program to make the up to date data in a

database framework. The nursery officers could retrieve the required data or information

in a short time to make the fast and accurate decision making related to the seedling

production process in the nursery.

To make easy the field data recording and its data entry to the program, the similar color

was used for each production process with the active button in the computer. For

example, the button for warehouse database was red, so that the form for making note

the tools and materials flow must be red color too. The color was used to make easy the

data entry and to avoid the data entry mistakes in the nursery accounting system.

6.10. The Application of Seed Tracking System

Actually, the seed tracking system had to be conducted consistently in the ITTO nursery

because it had been supported by the nursery accounting system. The nursery officer

only need to do the monitoring and evaluation on the produced seedlings growth (the

origin of the seed source had been already known) after it was planted in field. It means

that the seedling planting process could be considered as the site matching trial on the

seedlings produced in the ITTO nursery.

The result on seed tracking system could be the valuable information for the FSCD in the

activity of certified and uncertified seeds procurement. It made a good selection method

for seed providers. They only were selected due to their good seedlings growth

performaces, where its growth and yields in field matched with the soil condition in

Ciamis region.

6.11. The Network Establishment

The network establishment with the stakeholders in the nursery facilities and produced

seedlings utilization was really required to support the professional and profitable nursery

management.

The statement of ITTO nursery as a center of nursery and seedling production

technology required the close relation with the universities in East Priangan in supporting

the research and development activity on nursery and seedling process for the university

students who were completed their own thesis.

The network can also be established with the primary schools, junior high school and

high school to support the Program of “planting when you are little and harvesting when

you are adult” or program of care to the environment for the students by visiting or

working practical in the available nursery location.

Considering the plan for reforming the Agricultural High School to the special major of

school, the FSCD can prepare its self to any possibility and opportunity in opening the

forestry major in this school by optimizing and improving the plus point of the nursery

facility utilization as the student practical site, source of trained officers, the tutor

recruitment, etc.

6.12. Institutional System of Nursery Management

The institutional system of nursery management in future should be thought from now

because the activity of forest and land rehabilitation in Ciamis District would end at 2009.

It made the nursery management changes its direction from the free of charge of

seedling distributor to the professional and profitable seedling production business.

The alternative of seedling institutional management could be conducted by changing

the status of ITTO nursery management into the TIU of FSCD that soon or later had to

be changed to be the TIU with common service organization (CSO). The TIU with CSO

would be legal to sell the produced seedlings and it still would receive its operational

budget from the local budget. This institutional reformation should be reviewed properly

for the period of 3-5 years later in order to achieve the objective of nursery management

as the center of nursery and seedling production technology in West Java based on the

plan of the nursery establishment.

51

PART VII

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

7.1. Conclusions

The ITTO nursery established in 2.5 ha of land in Cijoho Sub-Village, Muktisari Village,

Cipaku Sub-District, was expected to be able to support the implementation of FLR

policy and the achievement of vision and mission of FSCD.

The ITTO nursery was divided into 2 steps, i.e. the nursery design and its establishment

step. The implementation process of both steps was conducted through the bidding

process based on the ITTO rules (1999) regarding the goods and service procurement

for the ITTO projects.

Two important factors determined the nursery design was nursery physical

environmental factors (the availability of water resources, topography, climate, easiness

and closeness to the inspection road the community’s house, the facility of electricity and

communication, and the nursery layout) and the technical factors of seedling production

(species and size of germinated seeds, seed treatment, seedling sensitivity to the

sunlight, seedling maintenance in the replacement house and selection of the ready to

be planted seedlings).

The nursery establishment was conducted through the following steps: (i) land

preparation, (ii) road making, (iii) water path making, (iv) fencing, and (v) the

establishment of nursery facilities.

The ITTO nursery facilities consited of warehouse, greenhouse, germination house,

water tanks, 1000 units of replacement bed, place for media mixing, and the nursery

office.

The implementation of seedling production trial in the ITTO nursery covered: (1)

technical improvement of nursery location, (2) processing of high quality seedling

production, (3) maintaining process on seedling and nursery facilities, (4) field and office

administration, (5) process on budget proposal and its payment mechnism, and (6)

valuable lessons on seedling production trial process.

There were valuable lessons should be considered and it became a basic consideration

and should be applied in the second period of seedling production to make it more

effective and efficient.

The calculation on seedling production cost in the ITTO nursery showed that the fixed

cost was Rp. 120.03 million and the variable cost was Rp. 200.68 million,so that the total

cost of seedling production was Rp. 320.71 million or Rp. 267 per seedling.

The ITTO nursery development was required in the future with various priority activities

that should be realized, namely: (1) making of nursery area border, (2) improvement of

replacement beds and showwindow of seedlings collection, (3) improvement of the

inspection road, (4) improvement of watering installation, (5) improvement on water

throwing path, (6) establishment of meeting room, (7) establishment of climatology

station, (8) operational plan on the second period seedling production, (9) making of

nursery accounting system, (10) implementation of seed tracking system, (11) network

establishment, and (12) institutional system of nursery management.

7.2. Recommendations

The proposal and proposed budget on each activity of the nursery development plan

should be made for making its priority scale and the estimated completion duration (year)

at first based on its financial sources from the local budget.

In the extension of ITTO PD 271/04 Rev. 3 (F) without additional budget from ITTO, the

project can allocate the rest of project budget for financing the priority activity in nursery

development, such as the establishment of meeting room and paving block for the

inspection road.

The production cost for one seedling could be pressed or reduced by the nursery

management by considering the biggest variable costs, for instance the cost for

purchasing the compost media and filling the media into the pollybag.

In the implementation of a second seedling production, the recalculation on all seedling

production costs had to be conducted as an effort in optimizing the production process of

high quality seedlings.

The nursery management should be established into the technical implementation unit

(the self-sufficient business from the FSCD) with less organization structure but rich of

53

function. Its operational pattern involved the local community as an effort of community

empowerment and community’s prosperity improvement.

For the sustainability of project outputs, an effort was required in obtaining the second

phase of ITTO project, where its main objective was the establishment of seed orchards

in every sub-district with the seedling source caming from the ITTO nursery as

recommended by the national and international expert of ITTO PD 271/04 Rev. 3 (F).

Another second phase project proposal focused on the increasing of value added of

community wood products.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

FSCD. 2004. The Ciamis Local Regulation No. 19 Year 2004 regarding the SFCD. 2005.

Report on Working Accountability Year 2004. FSCD

FSCD. 2006a. Report on Working Accountability Year 2005. FSCD

FSCD. 2006b. List of Spent Budget Year 2006. FSCD.

ITTO Project. 2007. Second Progress Report of ITTO PD 271/04 Rev. 3 (F) (Period:

September 01, 2006 – February 28, 2007). ITTO PD 271/04 Rev. 3 (F)

PT Purba Margana. 2006. Completion Report on the Nursery Establishment of ITTO PD

271/04 Rev. 3 (F) in Ciamis District. CV Purba Margana, Jakarta.

Yamin Y. 2007. Discussion Result on Visit Study to the CV Calakan, Ciawi, Tasikmalaya

for the Participants of Training on Seedling for the Seedling Providers on ITTO

PD 271/04 Rev. 3 (F), Ciamis.

55

Appendix 1

Activity Report of Consultant Supervision of Ciamis Nursery Project

ITTO Project PD 271/04 Rev. 3 (F)

Dr. Irsyal Yasman

National Expert

Review to Nursery Design

In general, it has fulfilled the standard of a modern nursery where the nursery

office, germination house, workshop, warehouse, water reservoirs, and facility of road

access to the nursery location are available. But the nursery area is very different with

the general nursery, where the area has a slope and the existing terrace system. The

distance from the lowest area to the highest place is 55 meters and the average of

terrace’s wide is 2.5 meters. Several improvements for the design have been discussed

among the international expert (Dr. Masahide Yamato), national expert (Dr. Irsyal

Yasman), consultant of planning (Ir. Bambang), and project leader (Ir. Subarudi, M.Sc).

The discussion’s results of Review Nursery Design are described as follow:

1) Office and other nursery facilities such as warehouse, workshop, and media room

must be built closed to each others so that the monitoring system by the nursery

manager can be more effective. Especially, room for chemical materials (fertilizer,

pesticide, etc), material warehouse (polybag, pottray, sarlon, etc) and other

supported materials should be located next to office building (Note: Office building is

built by Forestry Service of Ciamis District as a counter budget, meanwhile

warehouse is a part of contribution of ITTO Project PD 271/04 Rev. 3 (F)).

2) Shading and unshading bed. Considering ineffectiveness of seedlings replacement

from shading location to unshading location (as a process of seedlings hardening off

before planting) and possibility of causing the death of 3 – 5 % of seedlings, then this

should be replaced. As an alternative, it is done before the transport where seedlings

Appendix 2

57

are ready in transported polybags then place it in open area for about 6 – 12 hours

before transfer to the field.

3) Sheds built in available terrace and the average of wide of terrace is 2.5 meters.

Shed is built in 1 m x 5 m arranged in parallel and at the middle it is built an

inspection road and road for seedlings box carrier. Wide of inspection road is 0.5 –

0.8 m.

4) For terrace in easy erosion must be built a buffer/support (stone, bamboo, or cement)

to avoid the slide lands off.

5) Germination house is built in separate and disconnected with workshop, media

warehouse, and place for media mixing. This is a guarantee for sterilization in

germination house. In germination house it is made germination box and placed 75

cm higher from base land to make easy for the workers. This is also to avoid the box

from any disturbance animals.

6) The size of germination house is 10 m x 10 m. Germination box is built impermanent,

but it made from plastic box placed on table or iron stands. Germination house is

covered with sarlon (50%) in full at up per part and around the germination house.

7) In the original design, the shading area is 7000 m2 but then reduced into 3500 m2.

8) From 2.53 hectares of total area of nursery plan, for the first level it is enough to use

1.5 – 2 hectares only, and the rest becomes a development area. With this area, it

can produce 1,5 – 2 million seedlings per year or for 2 production rotations with

maximum 6 months of fast growing species seedling’s production time for each

production rotation.

9) Water reservoir is placed on the highest site in the nursery so that for watering

activity it is enough to use water pressure only (because of height differences).

Watering system by using sprinkler is not allowed, but it done manually by using

water pipe, considering the slope and unflatted nursery location.

10) Nursery irrigation system must be redesign and match with manual seedlings

watering system and water reservoir position above the nursery.

11) Water source comes from deep well (20 – 30 meters) and the water is lifted to the

water reservoir by using a good KVA water pump.

12) For shading area, watering system by using nozzle is also not allowed because of its

expensive and complicated taking care and its need of clean water and electricity for

the operation, and these things are not always available in location.

13) Nursery drainage system has not known due to unknown the rainfall level and

surface run off at that location. In terrace, it can be built drainage without hardening

off by directing water flow to the end of nursery inspection road. Considering the

slope of nursery area then it is proposed to make drainage using a cement to avoid

drainage erosion at inspection road. If drainage system for shed is not enough, it is

proposed to improve it by making bricks or cement drainage.

14) There is only one road access for seedlings transportation to be built in accordance

with Office Construction plan (Contribution of Forestry Service) designed together

with Housing and Regional Facility Service (Dinas Kimpraswil) so the seedlings

transportation will use a wheel carrier. Therefore inspection road access to the

transportation road must be enough and well distributed.

15) Place for putting media into plastic bag which is conducted as labor intensive job.

This is not only in one place but it done at impermanent working shades using

bamboo construction in every sector (per 0.5 hectares of area) to make easy

transportation of filled polybags to the sheds.

16) Green houses are built closed to the germination house. It also can be functioned as

the extension of germination house. Green house construction made from iron and

the roof made from fiber glass. Inside the green house, 4 tables are made from

concrete (beton) construction and the size is (wide x long x height) = 0,8 m x 4 m x

75 cm (from land) and 4 cuttings (stek) of (w x l x h) = 0,8 cm x 4 cm x 0,6 cm (from

59

height of box) in size. Box for cutting is aimed as place for seed production in

vegetative way (stek/cutting).

Activity of Nursery Establishment

After considering the area condition of nursery plan and the minutes of project

meeting involved team as stated in Decision Letter of The Head of Ciamis District at

June 23rd 2006 in Office of Forestry Service of Ciamis District, it needs synchronized

steps and activities in field simultaneously in order to match to the project schedule. The

synchronization is needed especially for activity of construction of nursery (office

building, and other facilities) and nursery activities (preparing seedling-bed media,

fulfilling polybag, preparing the seeds and seeds nursery). Several activities are

synchronized as follow:

1) Seeds Procurement

High quality seeds procurement is an important thing for the project. People

requirehigh quality seeds which are so difficult to get it for long time (stated on

Meeting of Project Team). Project Manager should have anticipated this need of high

quality seeds by coordinating with Seeds Procurement Agencies or Perhutani which

have good source of high quality seeds. It is expected that seeds can be obtained

around August 2006 to be germinated. It is needed impermanent germination shed

built in seed-bed, while waiting the completion of germination house which is will be

built from ITTO project’s budget. Recommended seeds as a result of public

consultancy in Pangandaran or proposed in meeting of Project Team, for instance:

No. Local Name Scientific Name

1. Pulai/Lame Alstonia scholaris

2. Tisuk Hibiscus sp

3. Manglid Manglitia glauca

4. Mahoni (Mahogany) Swietenia mahagony

5. Jati (Teak) Tectona grandis

6. Jati putih (White Teak) Gmelina arborea

7. Meranti Shorea sp

8. Saninten Quercus spp

9. MPTS (Durian, Rambutan) Durio sp, Nephelium sp

10. Carui/Bayur Peronema canestea

11. Kepal ?

From the result of field visit it is known that there are a lot of primary trees can be

made as seed’s source (for example is Manglid in Banjarsari Village) belong to the

community or Forestry Service. Through this project, it can be decided the reference

of this primary tree as seed’s source so that it is not felled by people and sell its

timber. People can earn income from this tree by selling its seeds. In long term this

seed’s source can be made as seeds supplier for the next nursery management.

2) Filling the polybag

Preparing polybags and filling it can be conducted as soon as possible after the

construction for nursery is started. The filling of polybags can be done as output

based and involving local community. For this activity it is needed a nursery worker

who has a high qualification of working, dedicated, and is able to communicate with

local community in jobs coordination. Technical guidance for community on media

mixing and fertilizing is required.

61

3) Nursery Office Building

Nursery office is a contribution (counter budget) of government of Indonesia, in this

case is local government of Ciamis to the ITTO project. The source of budget is from

budget of local government of Ciamis where the preparation process and

administrative procedure will take a long time. Office construction for nursery should

not become a handicap factor for activity and other physical construction for nursery

which is financed from ITTO’s budget. For this case it is needed a well coordination

in planning level. Without waiting for office construction for nursery, other nursery

activities (preparing the seeds) can be implemented simultaneously.

4) Nursery Facilities Construction

Physical construction of facilities for nursery must be synchronized with plan of office

construction. For the operation of nursery facilities construction, such as green

house, germination house, workshop, and warehouse, then the schedule should be

matched with schedule for office construction because location choice is connected

with land leveling. If it is done at the same time, it will save more money. Meanwhile

nursery activity such as seeds procurement, filling polybags, sowing can be done

earlier without waiting for office construction and other facilities. In order to sow

seeds and moving out seeds at first, the construction of water reservoir and deep

well must be done at first so that produced seeds can be maintained properly.

Report of the working in the first period (15-29 June, 2006)

on ITTO Project PD 271/04 Rev. 3 (F)

International Expert

KANSO Technos Co., Ltd.

Masahide YAMATO

As an international expert on ITTO project PD 271/04

Rev. 3 (F), I visited Indonesia from 15th to 29

th in June, 2006.

First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to

International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) and

Ministry of Forestry, Indonesia to offer me this chance, and

all staffs involved in this project who welcomed me with

their warm-hearts.

This is a project for rehabilitation of degraded forest

involving local communities in Ciamis, West Java

implemented by Forestry Service of Ciamis District, and

Ministry of Forestry, Indonesia for two years. My task for

this project is to review and evaluate the design on nursery

and technical guidelines of seedling production et al.

Because a kind of agribusiness to sell the seedlings by the

local people is planned after this project, sustainability is

required for the nursery. I submit a report of the working as

follows.

15th June

I arrived at Jakarta at 19:30 by CX503. Mr. Subarudi, the

leader of this project, picked me up at the airport to go to

Bogor. We arrived at a Hotel in Bogor at 22:00.

16th

In the hotel, I have a meeting with Mr. Subarudi and Dr.

Irsyal Yasuman, the national expert of this project. I have

handed them the booklet and pamphlet explaining the

achievement on the study on dipterocarp plantation in Jambi,

Sumatra.

I confirmed that the job in this first period is to discuss on

a design of the nursery. The works can be done in

cooperation with Dr. Irsyal.

17th

I visited Bogor Botanical garden with a family of Mr.

Subarudi. Dioterocarps there are gigantic (Fig. 1).

Fig. 1. Shorea leprosula in Bogor Botanical Garden

18th

I came to Ciamis with Mr. Subarudi. It took about 6 hours

from Bogor.

19th

I visited Forestry Service in Ciamis and Monsoon Forest

Research Institute of Ministry of Forestry in the morning. I

explained my experience on dipterocarp plantation in Jambi,

Sumatra. I visited a plantation site of the research institute, in

which planted dipterocarps and mahogany showed good

growth. The dipterocarps, Hopea mengarawan (Fig. 2) and

Shorea ovalis (Fig. 3), planted in 1938, reached around 70

cm in diameter. There also found many saplings of

dipterocarps regenerated from the big master trees (Fig. 4). It

suggested that this region has enough potential of dipterocarp

plantation. The mahogany, planted in 1976 also grew well

to reach 30 – 40 cm in diameter (Fig. 5). In the afternoon, I

visited Perum Perhutani, a stakeholder for tree plantation.

According to the director, M. Judianto, the stake holder forest

have reached to 30,000 ha. He has a view that it is required to

Appendix 3.1

63

have some cooperation between the community forest and

stakeholder forest.

In the ITTO office, I studied the outline of this project by

reading “Term of reference for nursery design plan” and

“Minutes of the first meeting of the project steering

committee”.

Fig. 2. Hopea mengarawan, 70 years old

Fig. 3. Shorea ovalis, 70 years old

Fig. 4. Regenerated dipterocarps

Fig. 5. Mahogany, 30 years old

20th

An original design of the nursery was handed to me by Mr.

BanBang (Appendix-1), a staff of PT. Kreasi Prima

Consultant. We discussed on the design, and I asked him to

improve some points as follows,

・ A design in detail is required for inside of the

greenhouse.

・ Design of seedling beds is required.

・ The total number of seedling beds in each of shaded

and open area should be calculated.

・ It may be better to change the materials to cover the

seedling bed from gravel to sand.

21st

I made a flow chart to show the working in nursery

(Appendix-2), which was given to the staff of PT. Kreasi

Prima Consultant.

I devised an organization for nursery works (Appendix-

3).

Dr. Irshal have arrived at Ciamis in the night.

22nd

and 23rd

I have discussed with Dr. Irshal and Mr. BanBang about

the nursery design.

In the afternoon on 22nd, we have visited the location of the

nursery. We found some points to be improved as follows,

・ The location of germination room, workshop, substrate

handling, compost handling, washing base, pot tray

store, tool store, seed store and chemical store should be

located near the office. They should be located to be

parallel to contours. It makes leveling of the ground

more easily. The loading site should also be located next

to them. The labor to carry the materials and tools

would be saved by the location. It is also possible to

make the supervision for the works more easily.

・ We recommend making some working sheds for

substrate handling, because more space would be

required for the handling. At least two working sheds, at

the back of the office and the middle of the road, would

be required.

・ The location of the water reservoir should be moved to

the highest site in the nursery to make the irrigation more

easily (Fig. 6). The amount of water in the river is very

small (Fig. 7), therefore it is required to dig a well, 30 –

50 m in depth, near the water reservoir.

Fig. 6. The location for water reservoir and well

Fig. 7. A river near the nursery location

・ Some parts of the terrace are overhung. It is necessary to

cut the edge.

・ In the design, it is planned to water by nozzle and

sprinkler. It may be difficult to maintain the equipment,

especially after the completion of this project. Because

the nursery is constructed at a steep slope (Fig. 8), the

difference of water pressure depending on the height

would also make some problems. We recommend

applying manual watering.

Fig. 8. A steep slop in the nursery

・ Seedling bed would be located at the terrace (Fig. 9).

The standard size of the seedling bed is designed to be 1

x 5 m. In each terrace, two rows of the seedling bed, at

interval of 0.5 m, are designed. The interval is required

to carry seedlings by handcart. The size of the terrace is

various, therefore the size of the seedling bed should be

65

changed depending on the terrace. Number and actual

size of the terraces should be measured to estimate the

number of seedlings to be raised.

Fig. 9. A terrace on which seedling beds are put

・ In the original design, the shading area was around 7000

m2. We suppose 3000 - 5000 m

2 would be enough,

because only teak is the target species to be shaded for

the raise of seedlings. An idea to make the shading

“open and close style” was not adopted. It is supposed

to be difficult to handle the screen, because it would

have some angle at the slope. We recommend making

a fixed screen to cover two terraces each (Fig. 10).

Using bamboo supported by cement foundation would

be better to hold the screen. The bamboo is easily

replaced after its degradation. For the seedlings of teak,

they should be placed at the open area for some time

before being loaded to acclimatize to environments to be

planted.

Fig. 10. A location for shading

・ If possible, it is better to make path to carry handcart to

everywhere in the nursery.

・ For drainage, ditch should be made for each terrace.

Some drain made of cement should be placed to be

perpendicular to the contour.

・ In germination house, a germination tray with

transparent plastic cover should be used. The trays are

put on iron stands. Roof is not required for the

germination house. The house should be covered by

screen.

・ For the roof of greenhouse, we recommend to use

fiberglass as the material. It is designed to make two

layers to have some space between them to release heat.

The upper one is transparent to introduce sunlight, on the

・ other hand, the lower one should be painted to avoid

increase of temperature inside. The side of the

greenhouse is consisted of cement wall of 1 m in height,

and iron net above the wall. The iron net is covered by a

plastic sheet that can be rolled to make ventilation.

Inside the greenhouse, 4 tables of 4 x 1 m in size, and 4

boxes of 4 x 1 m in size is prepared. The tables are used

for handling. When more space is required for the seed

germination, the tables can be used to put the

germination tray. The boxes are used for cutting.

・ The trees and palms growing in the nursery should be

remained. Appropriate shading for the seedlings would

be given by them.

In the afternoon on 23rd there held a meeting about the

project in a meeting room of Forestry Service in Ciamis (Fig.

11). The participants are from ITTO project, Forest Service

in Ciamis, stake holders, agricultural district office,

Agricultural school, NGO, etc. All of the participants are

allocated to have some roles in this project. Because this

project is the first ITTO project directly given to the local

authority, Mr. Sudarmanto, a staff of Forestry Service

explained the significance. He said that the success of this

project would be a good model for the followers. An outline

of this project was then explained by Mr. Subarudi. An

NGO staff insisted that, the tree species to be planted should

be the ones already popular. To the question, Mr. Subarudi

has answered that the tree species to be planted were the

proposed ones in a former meeting by Public Consultation

of this project held in Pangandaran a month ago, that is Pulai,

Tisuk (Hibiscus macrophyllus), Manglid (Manglitea

glauca), Mahoni (Switenia mahogany), Jati (Tectona

grandis), Jati puti, Sanintan and MPTS (Multi Purpose Tree

Species like Durian, Lambutan, etc.). Segon

(Paraserianthes falcataria) was not included, because the

plantation was already popular in this region. Bayur was

newly proposed in the meeting. Because plantation of

dipterocarps was also discussed, I have recommend to

introduce a technique to produce mycorrhizal seedlings

(Appendix-4). A stakeholder requested that the

achievement of project could be accessible for the

stakeholders. An association staff of farmers has requested

that the schedule from nursery construction to seedling

plantation should be harmonized to the seasons. He

requested it because it is usual that some procedures from

government are often delayed.

Fig. 11. A meeting in Forestry Service

24th

In the morning, we visited the location of the nursery again.

It was difficult to determine the location of each facility

before the land leveling.

We visited a community forest in Banjarsari (Fig. 12). At a

lumbermill, logs of Maesopsis eminii (Fig. 13) and timbers

of Paraserianthes falcataria (Fig. 14) were piled. The

cutting rotation was 8 years for M. eminii and 5 – 6 years for

P. falcataria. The trees grow to around 30 cm in diameter at

the cutting. Community forests were distributed on hills at

the back of villages. A Manglid tree was grown to around

70 cm in diameter in 20 years (Fig. 15). In 1991 or 1992,

plantation of Segon was promoted in Indonesia. In Ciamis

especially, the Bubati had strongly promoted. Now, there

found many Segons grown well in this region. Even in a

small space, less than 100 m2, P. falcataria was planted (Fig.

16), which seemed to show an eagerness of the local people

to the plantation.

Fig. 12. A Community forest in Banjarsari

Fig. 13. Logs of Maesopsis eminii

Fig. 14. Tmbers of Paraserianthes falcataria

67

Fig. 15 Manglid, 20 years old

Fig. 16. Plantation of Paraserianthes falcataria in a small space

I came to Jakarta with Dr. Irsyal at night. It took about 5

hours. From Bandung to Jakarta, we drive on a new

highway that was opened last year to commemorate the 50th

anniversary of the Bandung Meeting.

26th

I have a meeting with Dr. Irsyal and Mr. Mhd. Soleh

Purba, Director of PT. Kreasi Prima Consultant about the

nursery construction. We informed him that it was required

by the local people to avoid delay in the schedule of nursery

construction in the meeting held in Ciamis on 23rd June. It is

scheduled to begin the construction from the beginning of

August. The land leveling job is planned to begin at the end

of August though, digging well, installing irrigation pipe and

making seedling bed could be done first. Construction of a

tentative germination house is also important, which makes

it possible to produce seedlings during the nursery

construction.

I have a meeting with Ms. Yani, FORDA Ministry of

Forestry. She is an advisor of this project. We have

explained about some arrangement of the design of this

project. I said that acquisition of enough water would be the

biggest problem, because it is required to dig a deep well.

She had much interest to the plantation of Shorea spp. in

Monsoon Research Institute in Ciamis. It may be possible to

produce a conservation forest of dipterocarps in Ciamis in an

another project.

27th

I have a meeting with Mr. Kawaguchi, Secretary for

Forestry, Fishery and Nature Conservation in Embassy of

Japan. I explained an outline of this project. He was invited

to the first steering committee of this project, though he could

not attend. I informed him that next steering committee

would be held in the beginning of September in Bandung.

28th

I have a meeting with Mr. Sato, The Programme Advisor of

Forestry, in Ministry of Forestry, Japan International

Cooperation Agency (JICA). I explained an outline of this

project. He mentioned that a disease of Segon is currently

prevailing in east Java. In Ciamis, I did not find any

symptoms on the trees.

I have discussed with Dr. Irsyal about the procedure to

make forward the tasks of international and national experts

of this project. It is necessary to make three guidelines for

tree improvement program, seedling treatment and nursery

management. I was assigned to make tentative ones for the

first two items, and Dr. Irsyal was assigned for the last one.

After my coming back to Japan, we will proceed the works

by keeping in touch through E-mail.

29th I came back to Japan.

The second visit period is planned from the end of August. It

is the time of nursery construction. The second steering

committee is planned during the time.

69

Appendix 3.2.

Works for nursery

Collecting seed

From some master trees for each species.

Preparing soil medium

Sowing seeds

Sow seeds into seed beds.

Some seedling beds are converted into seedbeds.

The seedbeds are filled with soil.

Making pot seedlings

Put the soil medium into pots.

Transplant germinated seeds into the pots.

Management of the seedling

Watering, Fertilizing, etc.

Transfer the grown seedlings from shaded area to open area.

Loading

Bring the seedling to the “Tempat Bongkar muat” to load the seedlings.

Load the seedlings to truck.

Appendix 3.3.

Organization for nursery working

Seed preparation (5 people?)

・ Collention of seeds

Collect seeds from master trees

in or around Ciamis

・ Preservation of seeds?

Head of nursery

Making pot seedlings (10 people?)

・ Preparing soil medium

Collect the materials and mix

them.

・ Sowing seeds

Sow seeds into seed beds to

make them germinate.

・ Making pot seedlings

Put the soil medium into pots

and transplant the germinated

seeds into the pots.

Put the seedlings into seedling

beds.

Management of the seedlings

(5 people?)

・ Watering, Fertilizing, etc.

・ Seedling transfer

Transfer the grown seedlings

from shaded area to open

area.

・ Loading

Bring the seedling to the

“Tempat Bongkar muat” to

load the seedlings.

Ware house

(1 people?)

・ Purchase materials

・ Accounting

71

Appendix 3.4.

A technique to produce mycorrhizal seedlings

Collect top soil around trees of the target species in plantation or natural forest.

(The top soil contains inoculum of mycorrhizal fungi.)

Mix the top soil with soil medium and put into plastic pots.

Make seedlings of the target species in the pots.

(Mycorrhizal fungi in the topsoil colonize the roots of the seedlings.)

Transplant the seedlings to the open area in the nursery.

The seedling grow to a small tree, an inoculum tree.

(The mycorrhizal fungi spread in the open area with growth of the inoculum tree.)

Mycorrhizal fungi spread from the inoculum trees to seedlings placed in nursery beds.

(Producing mycorrizal seedling is achieved)

Appendix 4

Report of the working in the second period (7-21November, 2006)

on ITTO Project PD 271/04 Rev. 3 (F) Masahide YAMATO

International Expert, KANSO Technos

Co., Ltd.

As an International Expert on ITTO project PD 271/04 Rev. 3 (F), I visited Indonesia

from 7th

to 21st in November, 2006. I would like to express my gratitude to International

Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) and Ministry of Forestry, Indonesia to offer me this

opportunity, and all staffs involved in this project who welcomed me with their warm-

hearts.

My tasks in this second visit was to evaluate the activity of nursery construction, to

make manuals for tree improvement and nursery management, and to review some

documents relating to this projects.

I submit a report of the working as follows.

7th

November, 2006, Tuesday

I arrived at Sukarno Hatta Airport at 20:00. A brother and a wife of Mr. Subarudi, the

leader of this project, picked me up and took me to Hotel Santika, in Slipi, Jakarta.

8th

November, Wednesday

I had a meeting with Mr. Subarudi and Dr, Irsyal Yasman, the National Expert of this

project. We discussed about the schedule in this time. I was handed a final report of

nursery design presented by PT Kreasi Prima Consultant. In the afternoon, I reviewed the

final report.

9th

November, Thursday

I went to Ciamis with Dr. Irsyal. I arraived at Hotel Tyara at 20:00.

10th

November, Friday

In the morning, I discussed about the organization for nursery management with Dr.

Irshal. In the original idea presented by Mr. Subarudi, it is planned to have 26 sections.

The organization structure has to be slim, therefore we rearranged it to have 7 sections in

total, that is, Nursery manager, Operational manager, Administration and Financial

manager, Planning division, Operational division, Administration division and Financial

division. We discussed about the tasks of each section. In the afternoon, we visited the

nursery with Mr. Sudarmanto, Forestry Service of Ciamis District. The staffs of PT

Kreasi Prima Consultant explained about the progress of the nursery construction.

Making a well, 90 m in depth (Fig. 1), and land flattering, nursery land clearing, and

terrace flattering for the seedling beds were finished. A office (Fig. 2), a workshop (Fig.

3), a green house and a warehouse (Fig. 4) were being constructed. The progress was being rather delayed. According to the staffs of PT Kreasi Prima, it will be completed

until the end of December. Because it was planned to conduct seedling distribution in the

first year, it would be required to accelerate the construction of germination house and

some seedling beds. There found many new cliffs produced by the Land labeling (Fig. 5,

6). Because there were little plants grown on the cliffs, it is anticipated to have some

erosion during the coming rainy season. The soil in the nursery is rather soft after

digging, which can be used as the media for pot seedlings.

73

Fig. 1. A well constructed at the top of the nursery, 90 m in depth

Fig. 2. The office being constructed

Fig. 3. The workshop being constructed

Fig. 4. The warehouse being constructed

Fig. 5. A cliff formed at the back of the office

Fig. 6. A cliff formed at a side of the workshop

75

Fig. 7. The conservation forest (5400ha) in Ciamis district

Fig. 8 Plantation of Pinus merksii for resin production

Fig. 9. Tree stumps of Pinus merksii burned

11th

November, Saturday

Dr. Irsyal and I visited the Desa Darmacaan, Kec. Cikoneng to see a view of the

consirvation forest (Fig. 7). The forest is 5400 ha located in mountainous region in

Ciamis district. It was rather far from the village, therefore it was difficult to identify the

tree species. However, it seems to consist of diverse tree species. Some of them might be

used as the mother trees for the seedling production in this project. In the village, there

found a plantation of Pinus merksii for resin production (Fig. 8). In a part of the

plantation, villagers burned tree stumps (Fig. 9). According to them, the pine trees were

felled down by strong wind in the part.

12th

November, Sunday

In the morning, I discussed with Dr. Irsyal about a manual of good quality seedling

production (Tree improvement program). He went back to Jakarta at 11:00. In the

afternoon, I have revised the manual following the suggestions from him.

13th

November, Monday

There held a meeting about the progress of this project in the ITTO office. A staff of the

PT. Kreasi Prima Consultant explained the progress of the nursery construction. Mr. Joni

Siswandi in Forestry Tree Agency introduced his idea about a seed tracking system which

enable to evaluate the growth of the planted trees in relation with their mother tree. I

handed him the tentative manual of good quality seedling production to get his comment.

He said that the contents are basically same to his idea of the seed tracking.

14th

November, Tuesday

I revised the manual of good quality seedling production. I asked the secretary in ITTO

office to translate the documents handed from Mr. Joni Siswandi. That is “guideline of

planning on seeding and seedling process in establishment of nursery of sustainable

private forest development model.” Because these held a wedding ceremony on 16th

November in Hotel Tyara, they have no vacancy from today. I move to Hotel Mahkota

Graha in Tasikmalaya.

15th

November, Wednesday

I read the translated documents from Mr. Joni Siswandi. I calculated the number of

seedling beds required for each species according to the ratio of them suggested by Mr.

Subarudi. I revised the manual of good quality seedling production by introducing his

idea of seed tracking system.

16th

November, Thursday

I made some revisions to the report on Review on Final Report of Permanent Nursery

Design, Review on Paper: System of Administration and Nursery Management,

Supervision on Activity in Nursery Location. I also reviewed the documents presented by

Mr. Joni Siswandi.

17th

November, Friday

I came back to Jakarta with Mr. Subarudi. I arrived at Hotel IBIS Slipi at 1:00 pm.

19th

November, Sunday

I had a meeting with Mr. Subarudi and Dr. Irsyal in Hotel IBS Slipi. I handed a manual

of good seedling production to Dr. Irsyal. Because the nursery construction is delayed,

we discussed about the seedling production of the first year. To purchase seedlings for

77

distribution to the community is not recommended because of the policy of this project.

We made a conclusion that for the three fast growing species, Manglid, Pulai and

Carui/Bayur, it would be possible to make seedling in the nursery during the coming

rainy season. However, the preparation is required immediately, that is, seed collection,

media preparation, construction of germination house and seedling beds, and preparation

of working staffs. Mr. Subarudi suggested an idea to purchase seedlings for seed orchard.

We suggested that it is required to collect the identified seedlings for the establishment of

the seed orchard.

20th

November, Monday

I had a meeting with Dr. Irshal in his office, PT. Inhutani I. We discussed about the

manual of good quality seedling production. I revised the manual following his

suggestion. The number of seedling beds on which shading is requirea is discussed. We

recommend that shading is requires for the 4 species, Pulai, Meranti, Carui/Bayur and

Gmelina.

21st November, Tuesday

I left Jakarta at 9:15 by CX 718. I arrived at my house in Uji, Kyoto at 23:45.

The documents submitted for are attached. I will finalize the manuals until the end of

February, 2007 in cooperation with the National Expert, Dr. Irsyal Yasman.

Appendix 4

No. Position Job Description

A. Coordinator of Nursery Operational 1. Main Tasks 1. Establishing the coordination and guidance to his/her operational

units under his/her supervision

2. Making the operational activity and the plan of annual nursery cost

3. Formulating the required nursery tools and materials for the

seedling production

4. Conducting the administration and technical guidance to the

operational and administration units

5. Supervising and controlling the nursery operational activities

6. Conducting the periodical meeting to solve the nursery field

problems

7. Conducting the evaluation and reporting, directly to his/her

coordinator

8. Making the Standard on Operational Procedure (SOP) for each

nursery operational activity

9. Making the monthly report regarding the implementation of nursery

operational

10. Implementing another tasks given by his/her coordinator

2. Responsibilities and

Authority

1. He/she is responsible to the Coordinator of Forestry Planning and

Nursery Establishment

2. Implementing the effective and efficient nursery management

3. Stopping the nursery operational activities

4. Giving sanction and punishment to his/her staffs

5. Collaborating with another stakeholders

6. Signing the collaboration form with other institutions/parties and

known by the head of Forestry Service

3. Outputs 1. Annual Plan on Nursery Operational

2. Monthly Report on Nursery Operational

3. Report on Working Accountability of Nursery Unit

4. SOP for all nursery operational activities

4. Reward/

Remuneration

No. Position Job Description

B. Head of Nursery Planning Unit 1. Main Tasks 1. Making the draft of operational planning and annual nursery cost

plan

2. Making the draft of SOP for the nursery operational activities

together with other operational units

3. Arranging the draft of required nursery tools and materials for

seedling production

4. Making the annual plan of seedling production and its time

schedule

5. Conducting the monitoring and evaluation on the implementation of

nursery operational plan and report it to the nursery coordinator

6. Making the map of nursery location and the division of seedling

production of each species

7. Establishing the coordination with other operational units

8. Making the monthly report regarding the realization of nursery

operational plan

9. Implementing other tasks given by the coordinator of nursery

operational

2. Responsibilities and

Authority

1. He/she is responsible to the coordinator of nursery operational

2. Implementing an effective and efficient nursery operational plan

3. Giving sanction and punishment to the daily workers on the nursery

planning department

79

4. Giving the recommendation on the required tools and materials for

nursery planning activity

5. Giving recommendation on the activity of nursery planning

facilities maintaining and repairing

6. Giving recommendation for the improvement of seedling

production process in field

3. Outputs 1. Draft of Annual and Monthly Plan on Nursery Operational

2. Draft of Monthly Report on Nursery Operational Plan

3. Draft of SOP for Nursery Operational Activity

4. Recommendation on the Seedling Production Improvement

4. Reward/

Remuneration

No. Position Job Description

C. Head of Seed and Seedling Process Unit 1. Main Tasks 1. Making the draft of seed operational planning (seed storing and

treatment) and annual seedling process

2. Making the draft of SOP for the activity of seed and seedling

operational activities

3. Arranging the draft of required nursery tools and materials for seed

and seedling activity

4. Making the annual plan on seed and seedling process and its time

schedule

5. Conducting the monitoring and evaluation on the implementation of

seed an seedling operational and report it the nursery coordinator

6. Making the trial process on seed storing and seed treatment in small

scale for each tree species

7. Making coordination with other operational units

8. Making the monthly report on the seed and seedling activity

realization

9. Conducting other tasks given by the coordinator of nursery

operational

2. Responsibilities and

Authority

1. He/she is responsible to the coordinator of nursery operational

2. Conducting the effective and efficient operational plan on seed and

seedling activities

3. Giving the sanction and punishment to the daily workers under the

seed and seedling unit

4. Giving recommendations on required tools and materials for the

seed and seedling activities

5. Giving the recommendations for maintaining and repairing the seed

and seedling facilities

6. Giving the recommendations for repairing the seed storing and

treatment in field

3. Outputs 1. Draft of Annual and Monthly Plan on Seed and Seedling

Operational

2. Draft of Monthly Report on Seed and Seedling Operational Plan

3. Draft of SOP for Seed and Seedling Operational Activity

4. Recommendation for Improving the Seed and Seedling Activities

4. Reward/

Remuneration

No. Position Job Description

D. Head of Seedling Replacement and Replacement House Maintenance 1. Main Tasks 1. Making the draft of annual operational planning on seedling

replacement and replacement house maintenance

2. Making the draft of SOP for operational activity on seedling

replacement and replacement house maintenance

3. Arranging the draft of required nursery tools and materials on seedling

replacement and replacement house maintenance

4. Making the monthly plan on seedling replacement and replacement

house maintenance, including its time schedule

5. Conducting the monitoring and evaluation on operational

implementation of seedling replacement and replacement house

maintenance, then reporting it to the nursery coordinator

6. Making the trial process of seedling replacement and replacement

house maintenance

7. Establishing the coordination with other operational units

8. Making the monthly report on realization of seedling replacement and

replacement house maintenance

9. Implementing other tasks given by the coordinator of nursery

operational

2. Responsibilities and

Authority

1. He/she is responsible to the coordinator of nursery operational

2. Implementing the operational plan on seedling replacement and

replacement house maintenance effectively and efficiently

3. Giving sanction and punishment to the daily workers in seedling

replacement and replacement house maintenance unit

4. Giving recommendation on tools and materials for the activity of

seedling replacement and replacement house maintenance

5. Giving recommendation on seedling replacement and replacement

house maintenance through the maintaining and repairing activity

6. Giving recommendation on the process of seedling replacement and

replacement house maintenance in field

3. Outputs 1. Draft of Annual and Monthly Operational Plan on Seedling

Replacement and Replacement House Maintenance

2. Draft of Monthly Report on Operational Plan of Draft of SOP for the

operational of Seedling Replacement and Replacement House

Maintenance

3. Recommendation for Improving the Seedling Replacement and

Replacement House Maintenance Activities

4. Reward/Remuneration

81

No. Position Job Description

E. Head of Watering and Water Installation Maintenance Unit

Main Tasks 1. Making draft of annual operational plan on seed watering and water

installation maintenance

2. Making draft of SOP on operational activities of seed watering and

water installation maintenance

3. Arranging the draft of nursery tools and material for seed watering

and water installation maintenance activities

4. Making the plan of monthly seed watering and water installation

maintenance, including its time schedule

5. Conducting the monitoring and evaluation on seed watering and

water installation maintenance operational implementation then

reporting it to the nursery coordinator

6. Making the trial process on seed watering and water installation

maintenance in small scale for each tree species

7. Establishing the coordination with other operational units

8. Making the monthly report for the realization of seed watering and

water installation maintenance activities

9. Conducting other tasks given by the coordinator of nursery

operational

3. Responsibilities

and Authority

1. He/she is responsible to the coordinator of nursery operational

2. Implementing the operational plan on seed watering and water

installation maintenance effectively and efficiently

3. Giving sanction and punishment to the daily workers in seed

watering and watering installation maintenance units

4. Giving recommendation regarding the required tools and materials

on seed watering and water installation maintenance

5. Giving recommendation on facilities of the seed watering and water

installation maintenance through the maintaining and repairing

activities

6. Giving recommendation regarding the improvement of seed

watering and water installation maintenance processes in field

4. Outputs 1. Draft of Operational Plan on Annual and Monthly Seed Watering

and Water Installation Maintenance

2. Draft of Monthly Report on Operational Plan of SOP Draft for the

Operational Activities of Seed Watering and Water Installation

Maintenance

3. Recommendation on the Improvement of Seed Watering and Water

Installation Maintenance Activities

5. Reward/

Remunerations

No. Position Job Description

F. Head of Public Relation and Extension Unit

1. Main Tasks 1. Making planning draft of operational activities on annual

nursery public relation and extension

2. Making draft of SOP for the operational activities of nursery

public relation and extension

3. Menyusun draft kebutuhan alat dan bahan persemaian untuk

kegiatan kehumasan dan penyuluhan persemaian

4. Making monthly plan on nursery public relation and extension

including its time schedule

5. Conducting the monitoring and evaluation for the operational

implementation realization of public nursery relation and

extension then reporting it to the nursery coordinator

6. Making the brochure and leaflet the activities of nursery

public relation and extension

7. Establishing the coordination with other operational units

8. Making the monthly report regarding the realization of

nursery public relation and extension activities

9. Conducting other tasks given by the coordinator of nursery

operational

3. Responsibilities and

Authority

1. He/she is responsible to the coordinator of nursery operational

2. Implementing the operational plan on nursery public relation

and extension effectively and efficiently

3. Giving sanction and punishment to the daily workers in the

nursery public relation and extension unit

4. Giving recommendation regarding the tools and materials on

nursery public relation and extension activities

5. Giving recommendation on the nursery public relation and

extension facilities through the activity of maintaining and

repairing

6. Giving recommendation regarding the improvement of

nursery public relation and extension in field

4. Outputs 1. Draft of Operational Plan on Annual and Monthly Nursery

Public Relation and Extension Activities

2. Draft of Monthly Report on Operational Plan of Nursery

Public Relation and Extension

3. Draft of SOP for Operational Activities of Nursery Public

Relation and Extension

4. Recommendation on Improvement of Nursery Public Relation

and Extension

5. Reward/

Remunerations

83

No. Position Job Description

G. Head of Nursery Secretary and Administration

1. Main Tasks 1. Planning formulation on the annual activities of nursery

secretariat matters and administration

2. Making the draft of SOP on the operational activities of nursery

secretariat matters and administration

3. Arranging the draft of required nursery tools and materials for the

activities of nursery secretariat matters and administration

4. Making the plan on nursery secretariat matters and administration

including its time schedule

5. Conducting the monitoring and evaluation on operational

implementation on the nursery secretariat matters and

administration then reporting it to the nursery coordinator

6. Making the forms for nursery secretariat matters and

administration activities

7. Establishing the coordination with other operational units

8. Making monthly report on realization of nursery secretariat

matters and administration activities

9. Conducting other tasks given by the coordinator

2. Responsibilities

and Authority

1. He/she is responsible to nursery coordinator

2. Managing the secretariat matters, administration and financial

effectively and efficiently

3. Stopping the operational activity on administration and financial

if it is necessary

4. Giving sanction and punishment to the daily workers in the unit

of nursery secretariat matters and administration

5. Giving recommendation regarding the required tools and

materials on nursery secretariat matters and administration

activities

6. Giving recommendation regarding the improvement on nursery

secretariat matters and administration in field

7. Proposing the activity of maintaining and repairing the office

building and it facilities

3. Outputs 1. Draft of Annual and Monthly Operational Plan on Nursery

Secretariat Matters and Administration

2. Draft of Monthly Report of Operational Plan on Nursery

Secretariat Matters and Administration

3. Draft of SOP for the Operational Activity of Nursery Secretariat

Matters and Administration

4. Recommendation regarding the Improvement of Nursery

Secretariat Matters and Administration

4. Reward/

Remunerations

Appendix 5

THE BUDGET PLAN FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF INSPECTION ROAD IN ITTO NURSERY LOCATION

No. Description Volume Unit Price (Rp)

Quantity (Rp)

Remarks

I Material

1. Paving Blocks 19.000 pcs 650 12.350.000 Length = 950 m

2. Bricks 33.844 pcs 350 11.845.400 Width = 1 m

3. Sand 36,5 m3 90.000 3.285.000 Analyze Code

4. Cement 70 sacks 45.000 3.150.000 G.33i

Subtotal 1 30.630.400

II Fee

11. Labor 107 dpw 45.000 4.815.000

12. Workers 534 dpw 35.000 18.690.000

13. Supervisor 27 dpw 45.000 1.215.000

Subtotal 2 24.720.000

Total 55.350.400

Ciamis, April 16, 2007

Planner,

Signed

Darniwa

85

Appendix 6

THE BUDGET PLAN FOR THE MEETING ROOM ESTABLISHMENT IN THE ITTO NURSERY LOCATION

No. Description Volume Unit Price (Rp)

Quantity (Rp)

Remarks

I Material

1. Cacao 3,50 m3 1.500 5.250.000

2. Bricks 3000 pcs 350 1.050.000

3. The river stones 10,50 m3 90.000 945.000

4. Sands 16 m3 90.000 1.440.000

5. Cement 22 sacks 45.000 990.000

6. Ceramic 170 m2 75.000 12.787.500

7. Wavy Asbestos 135 pcs 22.500 3.037.500

8. Asbestos Wood Frame

76 pcs 15.000 1.140.000

9. Asbestos Nail 5 boxes 10.000 50.000

10. Mixed Nail 17,4 kg 15.000 262.500

Subtotal 1 26.952.500

II Fee

11. Labor 123 dpw 45.000 5.535.000

12. Worker 180,5 dpw 35.000 6.317.500

13. Supervisor 9 dpw 45.000 405.500

Subtotal 2 12.257.500

Total 39.210.000

Ciamis, April 16, 2007 Planner, Signed

Darniwa

DESIGN OF MEETING ROOM IN THE ITTO NURSERY LOCATION

Fro

nt

Vie

w

Sket

ch

Sty

le A

- B

87