Essential QuestionEssential Question

Which events brought Which events brought the United States into the United States into

World War II?World War II?

America Enters the WarAmerica Enters the War

Norway and DenmarkNorway and Denmark Germany needed Germany needed

iron shipments iron shipments from Sweden for from Sweden for industryindustry

April 1940 – April 1940 – German army took German army took control of Norway control of Norway and Denmark to and Denmark to protect iron protect iron shipmentsshipments

Netherlands, Belgium, Netherlands, Belgium, LuxembourgLuxembourg

Germany’s plan – Germany’s plan – move around the move around the Maginot LineMaginot Line

May 10, 1940 – May 10, 1940 – Hitler launched a Hitler launched a blitzkrieg in the blitzkrieg in the westwest

France SurrendersFrance Surrenders

June 22, 1940June 22, 1940

France France surrendered to surrendered to GermanyGermany

Germany installed Germany installed a puppet a puppet governmentgovernment

England’s ResponseEngland’s Response

Winston Churchill Winston Churchill – new prime – new prime ministerminister

Hitler expected Hitler expected Britain to Britain to negotiate peacenegotiate peace

Churchill Churchill remained defiantremained defiant

Speech in Parliament, Speech in Parliament, ChurchillChurchill

““Even though large tracts of Europe Even though large tracts of Europe have fallen . . . We shall not flag or have fallen . . . We shall not flag or fail . . . We shall defend our island, fail . . . We shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be, we shall whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender.”surrender.”

Battle of Britain (1940)Battle of Britain (1940)

German German Luftwaffe Luftwaffe attempted to attempted to destroy the destroy the British Royal Air British Royal Air ForceForce

Bombing of LondonBombing of London

August 23, 1940 August 23, 1940 – German planes – German planes first dropped first dropped bombs on Londonbombs on London

England England retaliated by retaliated by bombing Berlin bombing Berlin the next nightthe next night

Bombings of LondonBombings of London

Hitler’s new Hitler’s new goal – terrorize goal – terrorize British British population into population into surrenderingsurrendering

British hid British hid nightly in nightly in bomb shelters, bomb shelters, subway subway tunnelstunnels

British TechnologyBritish Technology

Developed radar, Developed radar, placed stations placed stations along the coastalong the coast

British planes British planes shot down more shot down more Germans than Germans than could be could be replacedreplaced

Germany’s Plan ChangesGermany’s Plan Changes

Oct. 12, 1940Oct. 12, 1940

Hitler cancelled Hitler cancelled the invasion of the invasion of BritainBritain

British pilots had British pilots had saved Britain from saved Britain from invasion invasion

Quote, ChurchillQuote, Churchill

““Never in the field Never in the field of human conflict of human conflict was so much was so much owed by so many owed by so many to so few.”to so few.”

Lend-Lease ActLend-Lease Act

By Dec. 1940 – By Dec. 1940 – Great Britain ran Great Britain ran out of money to out of money to fight Germanyfight Germany

Allowed shipment Allowed shipment of supplies to of supplies to Britain as a country Britain as a country “vital to the “vital to the defense of the defense of the U.S.”U.S.”

Hitler Attacks Soviet UnionHitler Attacks Soviet Union

June 1941 – June 1941 – launched an launched an invasion into the invasion into the U.S.S.R.U.S.S.R.

Churchill said that Churchill said that any “who fights any “who fights against Nazism against Nazism will have our aid.”will have our aid.”

Atlantic Atlantic CharterCharter

August 1941August 1941

Roosevelt and Roosevelt and Churchill met Churchill met off the coast of off the coast of NewfoundlandNewfoundland

Agreed to a Agreed to a postwar world postwar world of democracy of democracy and free tradeand free trade

U.S. vs. JapanU.S. vs. Japan

Japan threatened Japan threatened British colonies in British colonies in the Pacificthe Pacific

Roosevelt Roosevelt blocked the sale blocked the sale of airplane fuel of airplane fuel and scrap iron to and scrap iron to JapanJapan

Axis PowersAxis Powers

Japan signed an Japan signed an alliance with alliance with Germany and Germany and ItalyItaly

Pearl HarborPearl Harbor

Japan made a surprise Japan made a surprise attack on Dec. 7, 1941attack on Dec. 7, 1941

Sank or damaged 21 Sank or damaged 21 ships of the U.S. ships of the U.S. Pacific fleetPacific fleet

Destroyed 188 Destroyed 188 airplanes, killed 2403 airplanes, killed 2403 AmericansAmericans

Pearl HarborPearl Harbor

Pearl HarborPearl Harbor

Pearl HarborPearl Harbor

Declaration of WarDeclaration of War

Dec. 8, 1941 Dec. 8, 1941 – Roosevelt – Roosevelt asked asked Congress to Congress to declare wardeclare war

PassedPassed

Roosevelt’s SpeechRoosevelt’s Speech““Yesterday, December 7, 1941 – a date which Yesterday, December 7, 1941 – a date which

will live in infamy – the United States of will live in infamy – the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by the naval and air forces of attacked by the naval and air forces of Japan . . . I believe I interpret the will of the Japan . . . I believe I interpret the will of the Congress and of the people when I assert Congress and of the people when I assert that we will not only defend ourselves to the that we will not only defend ourselves to the uttermost, but we will make certain that this uttermost, but we will make certain that this form of treachery shall never endanger us form of treachery shall never endanger us again . . . No matter how long it may take us again . . . No matter how long it may take us . . . The American people in their righteous . . . The American people in their righteous might will win through to absolute victory.”might will win through to absolute victory.”

Germany’s ResponseGermany’s Response

Dec. 11, Dec. 11, 19411941

Both Both Germany Germany and Italy and Italy declared declared war on war on the U.S.the U.S.

Mobilizing for Mobilizing for WarWar

U.S. War ProductionU.S. War Production

American war American war production production turned the tide turned the tide in favor of the in favor of the AlliesAllies

Tanks Replaced CarsTanks Replaced Cars

Automobile Automobile industry mass industry mass produced trucks, produced trucks, jeeps, and tanksjeeps, and tanks

Assembly lines Assembly lines for most military for most military equipmentequipment

Liberty ShipsLiberty Ships

Basic cargo Basic cargo ship for the ship for the warwar

Welded in Welded in shipyardsshipyards

Liberty Ships, BrunswickLiberty Ships, Brunswick

Liberty Ships, BrunswickLiberty Ships, Brunswick

Liberty Liberty Ships, Ships,

BrunswicBrunswickk

Liberty Liberty Ships, Ships,

BrunswicBrunswickk

War Production BoardWar Production Board

Determined the Determined the most important most important goods to be goods to be produced and the produced and the distribution of distribution of raw materialsraw materials

Selective Service and Training Selective Service and Training ActAct

Peacetime draft Peacetime draft begun after begun after Germany Germany invaded France invaded France in 1940in 1940

Women’s Army Corps (WAC)Women’s Army Corps (WAC)

Allowed women Allowed women in the militaryin the military

Not in combat Not in combat positionspositions

Most were Most were administrative or administrative or clerical positionsclerical positions