essential question
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Essential Question. How did western settlement affect the Plains Indians?. Miners and Ranchers in the West. Growth of the Mining Industry. Deposits of gold, silver, and copper Needed by growing industry in the East Brought settlers to the mountain states. Virginia City. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Essential Question
How did western settlement affect the
Plains Indians?
Miners and Ranchers in the West
Growth of the Mining Industry
Deposits of gold, silver, and copper
Needed by growing industry in the East
Brought settlers to the mountain states
Virginia City
Pikes Peak, Colorado (1858)
Leadville, Colorado
Black Hills, South Dakota
Copper in Montana
New States
North Dakota
South Dakota
Montana
Cattle Ranching
Texas longhorn cattle thrived on the tough prairie grass
Arrival of Railroads By the 1860s –
railroads reached Kansas and Missouri
Western ranchers sold cattle to be shipped east
Cattle Drives
Moved cattle to the railroads
Chisholm Trail – to Abilene, Kansas
Chisholm Trail
Homestead Act (1862)
Individuals could file for a 160-acre homestead (tract of public land)
Received title after living on land for five years
Great Plains
Great Plains Homestead
New Farming Inventions
Steel plows
Reapers
Threshing machines
Wheat Belt
Nebraska
Kansas
Dakotas
Oklahoma April 22, 1889
Opened the territory for settlement
10,000 people chose land within hours
Native Americans
Western Environment, 1860s
Plains Indians Nomads
following the buffalo herds
Divided into bands headed by governing councils
Arrival of Settlers Deprived Indians
of hunting grounds
Broke treaties guaranteeing Indian lands
Forced Indians to relocate
Chief Red Cloud
Chief Sitting Bull
Crazy Horse
Crazy Horse Monument
Sand Creek Massacre Nov. 1864
Chief Black Kettle brought Cheyenne to negotiate peace at Fort Lyon
American troops attacked their village
Loss of Buffalo Native
Americans depended on the buffalo for life
By 1889, few buffalo were left
Battle of the Little Bighorn Gold found in
the Black Hills (SD)
Americans violated Indian treaties
Indians attacked
Battle of the Little Bighorn June 25, 1876
George A. Custer attacked a large force of Lakota and Cheyenne
All of Custer’s forces dead
Nez Perce Led by Chief
Joseph
Refused to move to a reservation in Idaho
Fled to Canada
Nez Perce Traveled 1300
miles
Surrendered in October 1877
Exiled to Oklahoma
Quote, Chief Joseph
“Our chiefs are killed . . . The little children are freezing to death. My people have no blankets, no food . . . Hear me, my chiefs; I am tired. My heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands I will fight no more forever.”
Nez Perce Trail
Wounded Knee Lakota
reservation (1890)
Continued to practice the Ghost Dance
Led by Sitting Bull
Wounded Knee Soldiers sent to
arrest Sitting Bull, who died by gunfire
Dec. 29, 1890
Soldiers attacked Native Americans at Wounded Knee Creek – hundreds killed
Indian Frontier to 1890