ess2710 week 6
TRANSCRIPT
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Coach athlete relationships
Martin I. JonesBSc MSc PhD CPsychol CSci AFBPsS SFHEABASES accredited Sport and Exercise Scientist (Psychology)HCPC registered Sport and Exercise Psychologist
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Intended Learning Outcomes On successfully completing this week’s study you will be able to...
Define the core constituents of the coach-athlete relationship
Describe how theoretical knowledge has been applied to change the dyad
Manage self-learning, set and meet targets, manage time, and read extensively for information
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Why do we study the coach athlete relationship?
http://www.theage.com.au/news/swimming/swim-coach-who-beat-daughter-faces-sanctions/2007/03/28/1174761567030.html
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No (wo)man is an IslandWe are all socially connected and relatedness is a basic psychological need
Need to study relationships
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Research shows that there are important cognitive, affective and behavioural consequences associated with effective and ineffective coach athlete relationships
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An athlete who is committed and trusts her coach (cognition and affect) is likely to respond to her coaches instructions more readily (behaviour)
RECIPROCITY?
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The coach-athlete relationship is not an add on to, or by product of, the coaching process . . . Instead it is the foundation of coaching
Jowett (2005)
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Heart of coaching
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“There is considerably less information on the psychology of coaching, particularly as it pertains to the personal and social development of young children”
Smoll, Smith, & Curtis, 1983 (p. 61)
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Look at the date, is this still true?
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Good coach Bad coach ?
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In groups find an example of
a good coach athlete relationship and
a bad coach athlete relationship
What makes them good or
bad?
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A focus on coaches behaviour?
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Congruence HypothesisAthletes’ satisfaction is a function of the congruence between the leadership behaviour preferred by athletes and the actual leadership behaviour exhibited
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Are they always the same thing? Preferred and perceived leadership
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The mediational model
of coach leadershipCoaching Behaviours
Player Perceptionsand Recall
Player’s Evaluative Reaction
Coach’s perception of player
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Coach Behaviours Players’ evaluative reactions
Player perception and recall
Coach perception of players’ attitudes
Individual difference variables Coaching goals/motives Behavioural intentions Perceived coaching norms & role conception Inferred athletes motives Self-monitoring, Sex
Individual difference variables Age, Sex, Perceived coaching norms Valence of coach behaviours Sport-specific achievement motives Competitive trait anxiety General & Sport self-esteem
Situational factors Nature of sport, Level of competition Practice vs. game, Previous success/failure Present game/practice outcomes Intra-team attraction
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Coaches’ behaviours do not accurately reflect what goes on in the coach-athlete relationship
Jowett & Cockerill, 2002, 2003
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A relationship is a characteristic of two individuals.
A relationship is that which goes on between two people and is made up of the combined interrelating of both of them.
This interrelating involves aspects other than just coaches’ behaviours
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What drives people to form relationships with
other people?
What drives athletes to form relationships with their coaches
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There is a mutual and inevitable interdependence
Athletes and coaches are motivated to form relationships to fulfil basic complementary needs,
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To provide/receive training and instruction, and
To provide/receive support in the pursuit of excellence and improved performance.
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Effectiveness and Success
Effectiveness relates to helpful caring relationships
Success relates to prize winning
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Active breakFeel free to watch the video or leave the room
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Effective and
unsuccessful
Effective and
successful
Ineffective and
unsuccessful
Ineffective and
successful
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When would you want an effective but unsuccessful
relationship?
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A coach-athlete relationship is defined as the situation in which coaches’ and athletes’ emotions, thoughts and behaviours are interdependent.
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What makes a good coach-athlete relationship?
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Lorimer & Jowett (2014)Sport typeCompetitive levelRelationship durationAgePersonalityGenderRelationship typeCultureCoach education
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ClosenessCommitmentComplimentarity
Co-orientation
3 + 1c model
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Closeness reflects an affective element
Commitment defines a long-term orientation
Complementarity Concerns co-operative behaviours
Co-orientationDimensions of co-oriented perspectives
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Complementarity (behaviours) being at ease, responsive, ready and friendly during training
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Closeness (feelings) Interpersonal likeness, trust, respect, appreciation
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Commitment (cognitions) Committed to each other over time
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Where did it come from?A series of qualitative case studies were conducted to explore coaches and athletes underlying reality about their athletic relationships.
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Definition of two-person relationship (Kelley et al 1983)
Closeness (Berscheid et al., 1989a, 1989b), Commitment (Rosenblatt, 1977), Complementarity (Kiesler, 1997)
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SatisfactionPhysical self conceptPassion for sportMotivationFear of failureBurnoutPerceived performance
Intrapersonal
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Team cohesion
Collective efficacy
Positive motivational climate
Support
Reduced interpersonal conflict
Interpersonal
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Typical
Coach Athlete
Andy Murray & Ivan Lendl
Atypical
Family
Seb Coe and Peter Coe
Romantic
Jo Pavey and Gavin Pavey
Educational
John Wooden
Correspondence
John McEnroe and Milos
Raonic
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Find examples of coach athlete relationships
that are also husband and wife
Challenges?
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Find examples of coach athlete relationships that are also father/ mother and son / daughter
Challenges?
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Direct perspectiveMeta perspective
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DIRECT PERCEPTION Athlete: I respect my coachCoach: I respect my athlete
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META-PERCEPTION Athlete: My coach respects meCoach: My athlete respects me
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CART-QCoach athlete relationship questionnaire
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Dyad mapping
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MaintenanceTrustFriendshipFamiliarityRealistic expectationsProlonged contactCommunication
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A coach-athlete relationship is defined as the situation in which coaches’ and athletes’ emotions, thoughts and behaviours are interdependent.
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Martin I. JonesBSc MSc PhD CPsychol CSci AFBPsS SFHEA
BASES accredited Sport and Exercise Scientist (Psychology)HCPC registered Sport and Exercise Psychologist
E: m.i.jones@exeter Tw: @drmijones