Erection of steel portal Erection of steel portal frame for warehouse frame for warehouse

ConstructionConstruction

Presented to: Mr.Jeremy HamPresented to: Mr.Jeremy HamDone by: Oneil BaburamDone by: Oneil Baburam

ID: 400270468ID: 400270468

Portal FramePortal Frame

Portal framePortal frame construction is a method of building and designing simple structures, construction is a method of building and designing simple structures, primarily using steel or steel-reinforced precast concrete. primarily using steel or steel-reinforced precast concrete.

The connections between the columns and the rafters are designed to be moment The connections between the columns and the rafters are designed to be moment resistant, i.e. they can carry bending forces. This allows the frames to be stable resistant, i.e. they can carry bending forces. This allows the frames to be stable while only having simple foundations, only able to withstand compressive, tensile while only having simple foundations, only able to withstand compressive, tensile and shear forces. and shear forces.

Foundations capable of carrying moments can be deep and are generally very Foundations capable of carrying moments can be deep and are generally very expensive to build compared to connections. Portal frame construction is typically expensive to build compared to connections. Portal frame construction is typically seen in warehouses, barns and other places where large, open spaces are required at seen in warehouses, barns and other places where large, open spaces are required at low cost. Several companies manufacture software to assist in the efficient design low cost. Several companies manufacture software to assist in the efficient design of portal frame structures.of portal frame structures.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal_framehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal_frame

Warehouse VisitedWarehouse Visited

InIn order to accomplish the task of this assignment I visited current warehousesorder to accomplish the task of this assignment I visited current warehouses

Under construction and others which are complete.Under construction and others which are complete.

The address for the warehouses are:The address for the warehouses are:

1).Hoppers crossing warehouse, Old Geelong road approximate 2mins from1).Hoppers crossing warehouse, Old Geelong road approximate 2mins from

Freeway.Freeway.

2). Aldi2). Aldi Warehouse on Harricks Road, Keilor Park Warehouse on Harricks Road, Keilor Park

Typical Warehouse Sketch PlanTypical Warehouse Sketch PlanPortal frame construction is typically seen in warehouses, and other places where large, open spaces are required at low cost. Historically, most economical solution was a steel truss sitting on walls, but now due to increased labour costs, rigid jointed portal frames are the most economical

Erection of steel portal frame Erection of steel portal frame warehousewarehouse

Columns are part of a structure Columns are part of a structure whose purpose is to transmit whose purpose is to transmit through compression the weight through compression the weight of the structure. Other of the structure. Other compression members are often compression members are often termed columns because of the termed columns because of the similar stress conditions. Columns similar stress conditions. Columns can be either compounded of can be either compounded of parts or made as a single piece. parts or made as a single piece. Columns are frequently used to Columns are frequently used to support beams or arches on which support beams or arches on which the upper parts of walls or the upper parts of walls or ceilings rest. ceilings rest.

In this warehouse The steel In this warehouse The steel columns are erected and bolted columns are erected and bolted down on the pad footingdown on the pad footing. .

RE: Project 4: Case-study: Portal Frame Construction

• Most warehouse and factory buildings which are composed of portal frames will have metal cladding on the walls and roof.

• Cladding in this instance refers to process of covering one metal with another (usually achieved by pressure rolling, extruding, drawing, or swaging) until a bond is achieved.

• The cladding is connected to the roof using purlins.

Steel Portal FrameSteel Portal Frame

RE: Project 4: Case-study: Portal Frame Construction

Purlins are typically C- or Z-sections and are relatively thin-walled, cold-formed members.

The purlins run perpendicular to the portal frames.

The cladding is attached to the purlins using screws.

The purlins are attached to the frames using cleats which are welded to the roof beam.

Depths vary from 100 mm to 350 mm.

The cladding is connected to the wall using girts.

Girts are the same as purlins except they are on the wall.

Steel Portal Frame-cntdSteel Portal Frame-cntd

• Splices are often used at the point of lowest bending moment for field erection

• The need for splicing is created due to required spans being larger than what can easily be transported;

• Columns are generally bolted to beams using bolted moment end plate connections which are considered to be rigid.

• Beams are generally bolted together at the ridge using bolted moment end plate connections which are considered to be rigid

• Base plate connections are usually flexible (pinned).

• Below is a picture taken of a knee joint connection on the warehouse

HAUNCHES AND SPLICESHAUNCHES AND SPLICES

Ref: Centre forAdvancedStructuralEngineering

BOLTED CONNECTION (Ridge & Eave)BOLTED CONNECTION (Ridge & Eave)

Ref: Centre forAdvancedStructuralEngineering

Steel Portal Frame buildingsSteel Portal Frame buildings• Buildings made from portal frames are usually one-way

rigid, one-way braced systems• The portal frames span in one direction and are rigid• Purlins and girts run perpendicular to the frames• Bracing is used perpendicular to the frame as connections in

this direction are flexible so a bracing system is required to take lateral loads

• Bracing is typically provided in the end bays;• For longer buildings, bracing is generally provided about

every fourth bay• Bracing is used in the roof and the walls to stabilise frames

and to resist load on the end of the building

Bracing PanelsBracing Panels

Steel Portal Frame-cntdSteel Portal Frame-cntd• The warehouse consists of metal cladding on the walls and

roof;• The cladding is connected to the roof using purlins;• Purlins are typically C- or Z-sections and are relatively thin-

walled, cold-formed members; • The purlins run perpendicular to the portal frames• The cladding is attached to the purlins using screws;• The purlins are attached to the frames using cleats which are

welded to the roof beam;• Depths vary from 100 mm to 350 mm;• The cladding is connected to the wall using girts;• Girts are the same as purlins except they are on the wall.

Purlin and CleatPurlin and Cleat

Warehouse OpeningsWarehouse Openings

In the warehouse the Wall In the warehouse the Wall openings should be big enough openings should be big enough for vehicles, heavy equipment, for vehicles, heavy equipment, and other large items to pass and other large items to pass through through

The warehouse should have at The warehouse should have at least two openings for in traffic least two openings for in traffic and out traffic, in general steel and out traffic, in general steel portal frame buildings the portal frame buildings the Opening Opening is usually opened by a column and is usually opened by a column and lintel. lintel.

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

Lots of Thanks to the SRT 251 Lecturer Mr. Lots of Thanks to the SRT 251 Lecturer Mr. Jeremy Ham for all the input that he gave to us Jeremy Ham for all the input that he gave to us in the lectures which helped me in the in the lectures which helped me in the assignment.assignment.

Secondly, I would like to thank the tutorial Mr. Secondly, I would like to thank the tutorial Mr. Rob for tirelessly helping me in some aspects Rob for tirelessly helping me in some aspects of the assignment.of the assignment.

ReferencesReferencesConstruction and Structures 2 readerConstruction and Structures 2 reader

www.steel-sci.org www.steel-sci.org

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal_frame http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal_frame

Centre for AdvancedStructural Engineering

www.warehouse-building.com/standard-steelwww.warehouse-building.com/standard-steel

portal portal