Free PowerPoint BackgroundsHeat Rate Improvement ConferenceFebruary 5-7 !"#$%cottsda&e 'ri(onaFree PowerPoint BackgroundsPresented by:Richard Kadim MSc (Hons)MIETLead Performance EngineerAbertha Poer Station ! " #!#M$ %oa& 'ired R$E n(oerSo)th $a&es*nited KingdomMaintaining Condenser PerformanceSpeakers Notes : Richard Kadim is Lead Performance Engineer at R$E n(oer Abertha Poer Station in So)th $a&es+ *,K, The station is coa& fired+ began f)&& o(eration in -./- and is o(ted in )nder the Large %omb)stion P&ant 0irecti1e,Free PowerPoint BackgroundsBackground'or T)rbine Heat Rate+ the greatest amo)nt of heat re2ected occ)rs in the condensing steam+ so that maintaining condenser (erformance is a 3ey (arameter for o1era&& (&ant efficiency,A ty(ica& condenser e"ha)st (ress)re de1iation of - mbar can red)ce therma& efficiency by a((ro"imate&y 4,-5,The efficiency &osses for this are:6Increased f)e& b)rn Increased or3s (oerThe commercia& &osses are generation imba&ances on grid demand (rofi&esSpeakers Notes : The steam condenser is critica& in o(timising the (erformance of the (&ant+ and the (otentia& financia& &osses of (oor condenser (erformance are e&& )nderstood,Free PowerPoint BackgroundsCondenser High Exhaust PressureThis is main&y d)e to:6 Higher coo&ing ater in&et tem(erat)res+ hich are seasona& and tida& or (oor coo&ing toer (erformanceLo or restricted coo&ing ater f&o d)e to tides+ ri1er &e1e&s+ debris in strainers or 1a&1e (osition errors$ater bo" (riming (rob&ems%ondenser ater bo" t)be (&ate fo)&ing d)e to a&gae or debrisSpeakers Notes : E&e1ated condenser (ress)re and the res)&ting high t)rbine bac3 (ress)re ca)se &arge inefficiencies+ so their ca)ses sho)&d be )nderstood and in1estigated,Free PowerPoint BackgroundsCondenser High Exhaust Pressure (continued)This is main&y d)e to:6 Steam s(ace fo)&ing or sca&ing of condenser t)bes d)e tocontaminationAir ingress &e1e&s into the condenserPoor air e"traction (&ant (erformanceFree PowerPoint BackgroundsIndentifying Poor Condenser Performance%oo&ing ater tem(erat)res 7 f&os are monitored contin)o)s&y by s(ecific instr)ments+ %$ in&et 7 o)t&et tem(erat)res 7 %$ %ondenser f&o metersAir ingress+ t)be fo)&ing 7 air e"traction (&ant (erformance is not so easy to monitor continuously and reg)&ar man)a& (&ant (erformance tests are re8)ired M)&ti(&e b)siness demands &imit the reso)rces to carry o)t reg)&ar monitoringSpeakers Notes : A&tho)gh o1era&& (&ant efficiency is a ma2or (riority other res(onsibi&ities &imit the time that engineers ha1e a1ai&ab&e for testing+ rea& time a)tomated monitoring is essentia&,Free PowerPoint BackgroundsImproved Monitoring with fast response Instruments'itting an Air ingress Monitor (ro1ides constant+ on&ine condition monitoring and therefore immediate identification of (oor condenser (erformance d)e to Air ingress+ t)be fo)&ing or E"traction (&ant inefficiencyIn o)r many years9 e"(erience of Air Ingress Monitors+ e ha1e o)t()t data to trend air ingress &e1e&s+ (ro1ide tem(erat)re indication on t)be fo)&ing 7 abso&)te (ress)re on deteriorating ()m( (erformanceSpeakers Notes : A&tho)gh the %he&& Instr)ments air ingress monitor:s (rimary f)nction is to 8)antify in rea& time the air being remo1ed from the condenser (and therefore the 8)antity that has &ea3ed in)+ its additiona& abso&)te (ress)re and tem(erat)re o)t()ts are a&so )sef)& in detecting other (rob&ems,Free PowerPoint BackgroundsImproved Monitoring with fast response InstrumentsThis trend data a&&os de1e&o(ing (rob&ems to be identified and addressed ith sched)&ed maintenance before they become critica& and tri( the condenserSpeakers Notes : ;)t()ts from the air ingress monitor+ as indi1id)a& or 1ia the seria& interface are integrated into the (&ant o(erating softare, Trends in indi1id)a& (arameters can be easi&y seen and a&arms can be assigned to (redetermined (oints, 0ata can a&so be &ogged and com(ared to historica& records for f)rther ana&ysis,,Free PowerPoint BackgroundsIM !unctiona"ity# x $%&'m outputs ()&*&+$,#(-. -emperature Pro/e.uct -emperatureir Content.i0erentia" Pressure/so"ute PressureHeated .i0erentia" Capacitance Manometer/so"ute Capacitance Manometerveraging Pitot -u/e)team+ir Mixture from CondenserFree PowerPoint BackgroundsIM !unctiona"itySpeakers Notes : It is essentia& that the air ingress monitor is acc)rate+ re(eatab&e and re&iab&e, The %he&& system )ses an+ a1eraging stain&ess stee& Pitot t)be that has a (&atin)m resistance thermometer don the centre+ fitted in the condenser air e"traction (i(e, They ha1e no mo1ing (arts and do not e"(ose any e&ectronics to the media+ so are 1ery re&iab&e,A sing&e PRT cab&e and to im()&se &ines connect the Pitot t)be to the meas)rement e&ectronics+ hich inc&)de a differentia& (ress)re transd)cer ((ress)re differentia& across the Pitot is (ro(ortiona& to the s8)are of the f&o rate)+ abso&)te (ress)re transd)cer and the signa& (rocessing e&ectronics,The basic theory of o(eration is that the meas)red tem(erat)re is )sed to ca&c)&ate the abso&)te (ress)re of sat)rated steam+ hich is ded)cted from the meas)red tota& abso&)te (ress)re to gi1e the (artia& (ress)re of air, The meas)red and ca&c)&ated (arameters+ together ith the (i(e cross sectiona& area are then )sed to ca&c)&ate the air > steam ratio and the mass f&o rate, ,Free PowerPoint BackgroundsCondenser !ou"ingSpeakers Notes : The Abertha (&ant does not s)ffer ith a high &e1e& of condenser steam s(ace fo)&ing or sca&ing,,Free PowerPoint BackgroundsMonitoring Condenser ir IngressSpeakers Notes : Monitoring of condenser air ingress and abso&)te (ress)re against (&ant &oad,Free PowerPoint Backgrounds-he (isks of High ir IngressPipework corrosion and &eaksSpeakers Notes : After more than