episode20 aaas presentation sfsu august 2009
TRANSCRIPT
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8/3/2019 Episode20 AAAS Presentation SFSU August 2009
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PRESENTATIONANDDISCUSSION
PHYSICS3.0: WHYCOMPUTERSCIENCEWILLLEADTHENEXT
PHYSICSREVOLUTION
STEVENBRYANT
AMERICANASSOCIATIONFORTHEADVANCEMENTOFSCIENCE(AAAS)
PACIFICDIVISIONCONFERNCE
SANFRANCISCOSTATEUNIVERSITY
SANFRANCISCO,CALIFORNIA
AUGUST18,2009
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Agenda
Why Correcting the Problem Leads to an
Easier Theory and Better Math Results
Math and Conceptual Mistakes and Why
They Havent Been Caught Before
A Brief Look Back on the History ofMoving Systems Equations
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A. Einstein
Introduced Special
Relativity
SRT explains Michelson-
Morley result as
experimental error
Introduces the concept
and math associated withTime Dilation
Experiment to measure
Earth Velocity of 30 km/s
around the sun
Only detected between
5-8 km/s
Experiment is thought to
be correct
Michelson & Morley
Wanted to explain the
Michelson-Morley
experimental result
Introduces the concept
and math associated
with Length
Contraction
H.A. Lorentz
Historyof
Moving
Systems
Equations
1905 Now1887 1895 1904
LOTS of experiments
that support SRT
Modern navigation and
position systems based
on SRT principles and
mathematics
20th
Century
TheExistingModels,suchas
SRT,arewelltestedand
producereallygoodresults.
Key
Finding
Howanymistakecouldgo
undetected foracenturyand
whatdifferencedoesitmake.
Must
Explain
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TheUndetected
Problem
Wemakethesamemistaketoday,in2009,thatwehavemadefora centuryand
thispreventsusfromeasilydetectingtheproblem.
In physics, the wavelength of asinusoidal wave is the spatialperiod of the wave the distanceover which the wave's shaperepeats.
, the wavelength of a 100 MHzelectromagnetic (radio) wave isabout: 3108 m/s divided by100106 Hz = 3 meters.
Source: Wikipedia, August 2009
If you study waves, you will find that wavelength and frequency are relatedby an equation
Speed of the wave = Frequency x Wavelength
Source: Nasa.Gov Website, August 2009
wavelength can be converted into a frequency by the formula
frequency in Hertz = 300,000,000 /
where the Greek letter lambda, , means wavelength in meters, ....
Source: QST Magazine, September 2009
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DistinguishingTypes
Rates,suchasMilesPerHour,aredifferentthanMeasures,such asMiles.
I live in Oakland, which we can see is 60miles per hour from San Francisco StateUniversity.
Speedometer
Quiz: Which of the followingstatements is true?
A. 60 Miles Per Hour is Greater Than 60Miles
B. 60 Miles Per Hour is The Same as 60Miles
C. 60 Miles Per Hour is Less Than 60Miles
D. None of the above
Generally,we
would
not
mistake
aRate,suchasMilesPerHour,as
aMeasure,suchasMiles.
Key
Finding
DoesourAnswerchangeifI lookat
my
speedometer
and
say
I
live
60
milesfromSFSU?
Key
Question
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Rates
(
MilesPerHour)
Measure
(Miles)
DistinguishingTypes
60 Miles
60 Miles Per Hour
= 120 MilesPer Hour
IfRatesaremathematicallytreatedasMeasures,wecangetthewronganswers.
San Francisco, California San Jose, California
= 120 Miles
Added = 120 miles
Averaged = 60 mph
60 Miles
60 Miles Per Hour
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DistinguishingTypes
(Continued)
Frequency
Is the Number of Cycles that occurs in someamount of time, usually one second, and is mostoften expressed in Hertz
Wavelength
Is the Length of One Cycle of a given Frequencyand is almost exclusively expressed in Meters
Equation
Cycles per unit of time
Length of One Cycle
*fv =
s
m
s
c
c
m
Wavelength,,isaRate,expressedasMeters PerCycle,isdifferentfrom
Length,whichisaMeasure givenin
Meters.
Key
Finding
Wavelength,suchasMetersPerCycle,isdifferentthanLength,suchasMeters.
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DistinguishingTypes(Continued):WatchOut!
Imagine a mirror is held 300,000,000
meters from a light source. A light isdirected at the mirror at frequency f Hz.
How many cycles are between the lightsource and the mirror?
Now the mirror reflects the light back
to the light source. How many cycles are between the light
source and the mirror?
How many cycles are there in thisround trip journey light source tomirror to light source?
What is the frequency? What is the wavelength?
Number of Cycles
1 Second = Hz
1 Cycle = Wavelength
Number of Meters
Number of Cycles
2 Seconds (not Hz)
Number of Meters
2 Cycles (not Wavelength)
FrequencyandWavelengthsareRates
WavelengthshouldbeAveraged insteadofAdded
Mistreating
Wavelength
for
Length
can
produce
incorrect
results TheMichelsonMorleyAlgorithmAdded insteadofAveraging
Key
Finding
MistreatingWavelengthforLengthcanleadtomistakesinMoving Systems
algorithms.
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InEinsteinsFunction,,
canyouidentifythelocal
andglobalvariables?
Key
Question
Definition
Invocation
( )120
2
1
0
22
2
1
))(,0,0,0(
),0,0,(
),0,0,0(
)Real,Real,Real,Real(
=+
+
+
+=
+=
=
=
vc
x
vc
xt
vc
xtx
t
vc
xvttzyx
Usage
DistinguishingFunctions
isaFunctionandFunctionsmustbehandleddifferentlythanEquations:Functionscanhavelocalvariablesandmustbeinvoked.
--Invocation
Simplification
Global Variables
--Local Variables
--Optimization
Definition
FunctionsEquationsFeature
Source: A. Einstein, 1905
means required.
* For todays discussion, ignore the global t variable in each function invocation and V is replaced with c.
Functionsshouldbe writtenwith
formalsignatures toavoidconfusing
themwithequationsandtoclearly
definelocalvariables.
Note
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Three ways to find (or the average) of
the total:
Add to and divide by 2
Subtract from
Add to
22vc
xv
22vc
xv
vc
x
vc
x
+
vc
x
+
vc
x
What Does Einsteins () Function do?ReverseEngineering,usingEinsteinsfive()functioninvocations,tellsuswhatthefunctiondoes:ItanswersthequestionWhatistheaverageofthe
ApproachingandRecedingDopplershifts?
22
2
221
'''),0,0,(
vc
cx
vc
vx
vc
xc
vc
xxcc
=
=
==
Einstein()functionfindsthe
averageofanApproachingand
RecedingDopplershifts
Key
Finding
Long Line
Short Line
22
vc
xv
22vc
xv
vc
x
vc
x
+
xxxxx
Thisamountis thetotal,or
2
2
1c
v
x
Gives Meaning to 22 'vc
vx
Subtracttheshortlinefromthelongline tofinddisplacement
Divideremainder,ordisplacement, intotwoequalparts
Eithersubtract displacement fromlonglineor addtoshortline
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Optimization
versus
Simplification
Function
Invocations
FormalInformal (Einstein)
DistinguishingFunctions(Continued):
WatchOut!
)()Real,Real,Real,Real(22 vc
xvtatzyx
vtxx
=
=
)1/()(
)(
2
2
2
22
c
v
c
vxt
vc
xvt
vtxx
=
=
=
0andwhere),(
0andwhere),(
andx
where),(
2222
2222
22
=
==
=
=
=
=
=
=
xvc
ztvc
xvt
xvc
yt
vc
xvt
xxvc
tvc
xvt
EinsteindoesnotperformarequiredFunctionInvocationandincorrectly
simplifies asifitwereanequation;mistreatingitasthesingletimevaluewhentherearethree oneforeachaxis!
InEinsteinsderivation, istreatedlikeanalgebraicequation,makingiteasytooverlook
the
need
to
invoke
the
function
before
performingsimplification.
Key
Finding
),0,0,0(
),0,0,0(
),0,0,(
22
22
vc
z
vc
y
vc
xx
z
y
x
=
=
=
Incorrectly
Simplified
As
An
Equation Cannot
Be
Simplified
As
An
Equation
is a Function!
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WhatChanges?
TheMichelson
Morley
Experiment
Lorentz wanted to explain the failure to get 30 km/s
SRT requires that the measured results are
attributed to experimental error
Interpreted as measuring null or 0 km/s
No Experimental Convergence
Distinguishes between Wavelength and Length Types
Uses Wavelength versus Length Math Operations
Aligns Expected Result Measurement Angle with Actual
Result Measurement Angle
30 km/s is Statistically Supported
Experimental Convergence with Miller 1933 - 30 km/s!
Original Algorithm Revised Algorithm
TherevisedequationsincorporateourunderstandingofWavelengthandLength
andstatisticallysupportstheexpectedresultof30km/s.
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WhatChanges?
TheIves
Stillwell
Atomic
Clock
Experiment
TherevisedalgorithmpredictstheIvesStillwellAtomicClockexperimentwith
equalorgreateraccuracythantheSRTequations.
# Plate Actual
Result
Einstein
Expected
Result
Einstein
Variance
REVISED
Expected
Result
REVISED
Variance
1 169 10.35 10.3610 0.0110 10.3500 0.0000
2 160 14.02 14.0403 0.0203 14.0201 0.0001
3 163 15.40 15.4245 0.0245 15.4002 0.0002
4 170 16.49 16.5181 0.0281 16.4902 0.0002
5 165 14.07 14.0904 0.0204 14.0701 0.0001
6 172 18.67 18.7060 0.0360 18.6703 0.0003
7 172 15.14 15.1637 0.0237 15.1401 0.0001
8 177 21.37 21.4172 0.0472 21.3704 0.0004
mean 15.69 15.7151 0.0264 15.6889 0.0002
Einsteins equations produce close
results with a small error of 0.02 to
0.03, to the degree of accuracy of the
experiment
ChallengesthebeliefthatSRTis
theonly
predictor
of
the
Ives
Stillwellexperiment.
Key
Finding
Expected and Actual Results of the Doppler Displacement
The new moving system equationsproduce 0 error, to the degree of accuracy
of the experiment
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WhatDoes
This
Mean?
Ataminimum,ourtheoreticalunderstandingofMovingSystemswillchangeand
ouranalyticalmodelsandequationscanimprove.
Improved Navigation Systems
New Moving Systems Models New Ideas and Products
Improved Scientific Instrumentation
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Summary
Area Summary
WhyHasntTheMistake
BeenDetectedSooner?
Wemakethemistakeallofthetimeandithasntcausedusaproblemyet,so
weignoreit
RequiresanunderstandingofthenuancesofFunctions
WhatDoes
It
Change? Our
understanding
of
any
SRT
experiment
that
uses
Frequency
or
Wavelength
MovingRods =WavelengthandStaticRods =Length
EinsteinsconceptofsimultaneitydoesnotapplytoWavelength
WhatDoesItMean? Newtheoriesandpracticalsolutionswithimprovedaccuracy
Wecanexplainwhatthe functiondoes
New
algorithms
that
live
within
the
error of
the
existing
models
WhatComputerScience
ToolsAndAnalytical
TechniquesDoWeUse
ComputerSciencetools,techniquesandapproacheswillneedtobe
incorporatedintoMathandPhysics
Formalfunctionnotationandterms(types)makesproblemidentificationeasier
WhatDoYouNeedTo
Remember?
Averages,Rates,and Functions
TheaverageoftheapproachingandrecedingDopplershifts
ComputerSciencetechniquesprovidetoolsandanalyticalprocessesthatcan
improveourunderstandingofMovingSystemstheoriesandequations.
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Thank You
StevenBryant
www.RelativityChallenge.com
(website,presentations,papersandpodcasts)
2009Steven
Bryant
&
RelativityChallenge.com