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1880 1930
1930 1960
1960 1980
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governanceaccountability
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New Public Administration?
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1968 9 D. Waldo 33
MinnowbrookSyracuse University
Marrini 1971
Toward New Public
AdministrationThe Minnowbrook Perspective
1982 G. L. Wamsley
Blacksburg
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4
1relevant
2postpositivism
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4
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6R. Barton
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Rosenbloom (19984-5) 5
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3
4
5
19986-12199882001
1
1
W. F. Willoughby1927: 1
2
F. J. Goodnow1900: 3
2
L. D. White
(Gulick,
Luther) POSDCORB
3
1970
Thomas Dye
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10
4
5
common sense
consensus(reality)
(sense of
we-relationship)(sense of community)
1968
1Narayanan & Nath
2Bedeian12
3
4
3Scott
4Daft
Peter M. Blau & W. Richard Scott2001
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11
20041996
1
2
3
4
5fragmentation of authority
6
7
8
G. A. Boyne200414-17
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2
3
4
5
6
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1
2
1
2
3
--
12001676-682
2199742
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1.
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13
2.
3.
Wallace Sayre
Bower: 1977: 131government and business
administration are alike in all unimportant respects
1
1
2
3
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
3
1
2
3
D. H. Rosenbloom1998: 6-14
1representativenessdue process
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14
2
3
4
D. Waldo 1968 the crisis of identity
fielddirection
Vincent Ostrom 1986
the intellectual crisis
Gerald E. Caiden 1982
the crisis of confidence
Rohr1986The Legitimacy of Administrative
State
Robert B. Denhardt1993the crisis of legitimacy
the crisis of research quality
-
15
McCurdy Cleary 1984
199713-23
H. F. Fredrickson (1980: 16)New Public administration
Public Administration is a
borrowing field,borrows from many other disciplines
D. H. Rosenbloom
D. H. Rosenbloom1998
1
1
2
3 Wilson 1887
4
5
2
1
21
1
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16
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
234
1
2
3
4
5
1-1
2 3
4
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200032
1996
Managerial Approach
1 19
---
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2Woodrow Wilson1887The
Study of Administration Leonard White1926
Frederick Taylor1917
3
1---
2
-
18
3
4
1position
2hierarchical order
3official duties
4authority
5rules and regulations
6impersonality
7 employment based on technical
qualification
8discipline
9security
10separate personal and organizational
lives
11---
dehumanization
Political Approach
1The New Deal
-
19
2Dwight Waldo1947Paul Appleby
1949Theodore Lowi1969
3
1
2
3
4
5 representativeness political
responsivenessaccountability
4
representative bureaucracy
5agency
1
2
Cultural Approach
1 1970
the
subjective dimension
2Edgar Schein1985
Gareth Morgan1988Peter Senge
-
20
1990
3
1
2
mindset
3
4
5
4---
flattened management hierarchies
5
---
whole person
one-dimension person
1
2
-
21
3
4
1-2
1998
golden-rule approachfact-finding
approach
static approachdynamic approach
-
22
comparative approachecological approach
F. W. RiggsToward a Typology of
Comparative Administration
Agraria
Fused model
Industria
Diffracted model
Transitia
Prismatic model
physiological approachpsychological
approach
indirect approachdirect approach
interpretive theory approach
I. Kant
-
23
critical theory approach
Hegel
action theory approach
Michael Harmon
face-to-face encounter
intentionalityintersubjectivity
active
-
24
social
reification
fallacy of misplaced concreteness
1996125
1
2
1
2
3
4
Issac & Michael
9 (Issac & Michael, 1989: 42)
(Historical)
(Descriptive)
(Developmental)
(Case & Fiel)
(Correlational)
(Causal-Comparative)
(True Experimental)
-
25
(Quasi-Experimental)
(Action)
-
26
1998
1887-1947
1 1887
2
3
1947-1970
1Herbert A. Simon VS.
2
3D. Waldo
1970
11968 9
5
2
1998
1887-1930
1
1F. W. TaylorHenry L. Gantt
2FayolGulickUrwick
3Max Weber
-
27
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
1930-1960
1
Elton Mayo
A. H. Maslow
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2K. E. BouldingT. Parsons
1887 Woodrow Wilson
-
28
Jong Jun1994: 49-50
19 1950
1960 1990
1-3
200017-18
()
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
-
29
()
1.
2.
Institutionalism
neo-Institutionalism
3.
PS.3
4.
5.
1.
2.
3. 1.
2.
4.
5.
6.
7.
-
30
paradigm
Nicholas Henry
Henry1989
1locus
2focus
11900-1926Goodnow
L. D. White
1
Goodnow, 1900:
3
2 value
freeefficiency
3 L. D. White 1926
21927-1937Willoughby
Gulick & Urwick
4
context
5
6 Gulick & Urwick 1937
Papers on the Science of Administration
POSDCORB
-
31
31950-1970M. J.
Gaus
1
2
41956-1970J. D.
Thompson
3
4
5
1956
51970-1970
NASPAA
1
2
Vincent Ostrom
Ostrom 1986
Ostrom guiding
ideas
1Ostrom
-
32
1 Weber-Wilson single-centered
administrative power
2
3
4
2Ostrom bottom
up
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 Ostrom
Golembiewski1977
1
2
3nonintervention
4cycles of governance
-
33
Golembiewski Mini-paradigms
Golembiewski 1977
comprehensive
paradigms--
Golembiewski ---
Golembiewski
---
---Golembiewski
Golembiewski
---
Robert Denhardt
1---
2
Golembiewski
1
1199690-91
belief system
-
34
world view
a way of seeing
a general perspective
unit of consensus
2Kuhn 51970: 10-22
scientific community
paradigm(George Ritzer)
image
.
2
1 2
3Kuhn
Thomas Kuhn
4 incommensurability
anomaly
5 Kuhn 1970 disciplinary
matrix
19949
symbolic generalization
metaphysical paradigms
values
exemplars
-
35
1
2
3
5gestalt switch
6conversion
1-4
- -
-
percolate up
-
36
- -
-
-
-
Golembiewski, 1977
Michael Harmon1981Action Theory
Harmon alternative paradigm
active rather than passive
social rather than atomistic
1
2
face-to-face situation
intention
intersubjectivity
Harmon
1
Harmon
-
37
2
1mutuality
we-relationHarmon
Harmon disaggregated
decisions
2consensual decision-making processHarmon
coercion
3 personal responsibilityHarmon
accountability--
Harmon reification
---artifacts
4
Harmon
-
38
1administrative action
1
2
3
2Harmon action theorist
conspiracy
proactive administrative style
predispositionbecause
motives
Harmon active
domain---active self predispositions
social domain---social self
predispositions
-
39
1-5
--- ---
---
---
Harmon, 1981: 70
199454-55
conspiracy of theory
1
2
3
non-conspiracy theory
1
2
3
4
5
-
40
Burrell Morgan 199486-106
Radical HumanistRadical
StructuralistInterpretivistFunctionalist
1-6Burrell & Morgan
radical change regulation
subjectivity
Radical Humanist
Interpretivist
objective
Radical Structuralist
Functionalist
1
2
3
1
2
-
41
Kast Rosenweig
Organization and Management
traditional theory
19001930
modifications 19301960
emerging view
19601970
1Max WeberWeber
1864-1920
2Woodrow Wilson 31
11886 11 3
21887 6 The political Science Quarterly
3Wilson6 Weber
value free
6 Woodrow Wilson 1856 VirginiaJohns Hopkins 1902 Princeton
1924 28
-
42
3 Goodnow1900
1
Wilson
---
businesslike principles
2
3
1
2
3---
1Scientific ManagementFrederick W. Taylor7
1856-1915
11895 A Piece Rate System
7 1856 Midvale Steel
CompanyBethlehem Steel Company
-
43
ASME
21903 Shop Management
8
A.
B.
C.
31911 Principle of scientific Management
2Gantt Gilbreth
1technologyworking
organizing
2
1financial
incentives
2
3---
4
8
-
44
1
2---
3------
4
1
2
19Henri Fayol
1841-1925
11908
21916
2Gulick, 1892-1990Urwick, 1891-1983 1937
7
POSDCORB
1
2
3
9 Commentry-Fourchambault of Decazeville 30
-
45
1Fayol
2Fayol
5
3Fayol 14
scalar chain
4Gulick193710--POSDCORB
1planning, P
2organizing, O
3staff, S---
4directing, D-
5Coordinating, CO
6reporting, R
7budgeting, B
1
1
2
2 10 g. D. Garsone. S. Overman
PAFHRIER PA
FHRIER199870
-
46
1
2
3
VS.
Waldo1948
instrumental rationality
substantive rationality
1Mary Parker Follett, 1868-1933
2
11920 The New State
21924 Creative Experience
31940 Dynamic
Administration: the Collected Papers of Mary Parker Follett
1
2
3
plus value
4
-
47
5
1
2
3
4
6Law of the Situation
7functional
cooperation
1
1Max Weber, 1864-1920
2Bureaucratic Model
2 VS.
1traditional authority
2charismatic authority
3legal- rational authority
3
1
2
3impersonality
4
-
48
5
6
2-1
1996238
4 Bureaucracy
Mintzberg1983: 1-25 Structure in Fives
1mutual adjustment
2direct supervision
-
49
3standardization of work process
4standardization of outputs
5standardization of skills
5
1the operating core
2strategic apex
3middle line
4techno-structure
5support-staff
6
1simple structure
2machine bureaucracy
3professional bureaucracy
-
50
4divisionalized form
5adhocracy
7
1
211trained incapacity
3
4
5displacement of goals
6
7
1
1
2
2
1representative bureaucracy
2affirmative action
11 Robert Merton
-
51
3
4
5
2-2
1996242
The Post-Bureaucratic Model
1Charles Heckscher
M. Weber
1
2Problem Finding
Problem Solving3
2
1---
2
3
3
1
-
52
institutionalized dialogue
2
3
4mission
5
6 ---principles
rules
-
53
7
meta-decision-making
Cross-functionalCross-level
8
---
9
10career
patterns
AT&T12 IBM13
11
12 FCC AT&T
SBC 160 AT&T 13 IBM 2% 8%
-
54
12
Checkpoints---
4
1 VS.
2 VS.
3 VS.
-
55
4 VS.
5 VS.
5
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
7
1
2
1
2
3
4
5
-
56
1
2
3
3
4
(general theory)
-
57
1930
Behavioralism
1 1927 John Deway
Pragmatism 1950
60 1933
2
1David B. Truman
2
3
1
2
-
58
3
4
5multi- disciplinary
4
1
G. Scott
cow sociology
2Argyris
---
3Karl R. Popper
falsification
Seeing is Believing
general statementtentatively
true
4Thomas S. Kuhn
logic positivism
incommensurability
-
59
5Derek L. Philips
truthreal
6Albert Einstien
intuitive
5-
Post- Behavioralism
1
1
197080
John Rawls
2
2
G. Scott humanist organization theory
1
2
3
-
60
4
5
3
David Easton
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
participative management
4
-
61
New
Public Administration
Human Relations
Hawthorne experiments, 1924
1
1
19241927
219241928
19241928 1928
1931
2
E. Mayo
informal relationship
3
1G. E. Mayo 1933 The
Human Problems of an Industrial Civilization
2T. N. Whitehead 1938 The
industrial Worker
3F. J. RoethlisbergerW. J. Dickson
-
62
1939 Management and Worker
4
1
2
3
4
The Hawthorne Experiments
1
2
3
4
5
-
63
1
244670
103
0.06
2
25
---
3
1928
-
64
4
1931 11 14
soldering
1 rate buster
2 chiseler
3
squealer
4
1
1
2 ---
3
2
1 A
BC
2
3
4
-
65
3
1
2
(non-logical social code)
Dynamic Equilibrium Theory
1Chester I. Barnard
21938 the functions of the Executive
coordination
1
-
zone of indifference
2Barnard
3informal organizationBarnard
4
-
66
199872-75
VS.
acceptance theory of authority
1Herbert Simon1978
2 1946 (Administrative Behavior-A Study of
Decision-making Process in Administrative organization, 1947)
Simon Gulick, Urwick
specializationunity of command
span of control
organization by purpose, process, clientele, and place
Simon
-
67
---
1The Rational-Comprehensive Theory
1
2economic man
---
Simon
3
2Theory of Bounded Rationality
1
2 Simon administrative man
---
3The Disjointed-Incremental Theory
1Charles E. Lindblom
2
3
-
68
4
4Mixed Scanning
1Amitai Etzioni
2
3
Simon
1Simon
2Simon Simon
---Simon
3Simon
1
2
-
69
1
2--
3
The Hierarchy of Psychological Needs
1Abraham H. Maslow
2
11943 (A Theory of
Human Motivation, 1943)
21954 Motivation and Personality
1
2
3
4
-
70
5
61969
1
2
3
1Maslow
2
3
4
5
6 Maslow
Theory X & Theory Y
McGregor
X
Y McGregor Y
1Douglas McGregor
21960 The Human Side of Enterprise
-
71
X ---
1
2
3
4
Y ---
1
2
3
4
5
6
organization development, OD
-
72
-Motivation-Hygiene Theory, 1950s, 1966
Frederick Herzberg
(Work and the Nature of Man, 1966)
1
2
1
1
2
3
4
5
2
1
2
-
73
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
-
74
1960
Ackoff1972
1
2
sub-system
suprasystemKast &
Rosenzweig, 1974
3
T. Parsons
4
1
2
1 Ludwig Von Bertalanffy 1951
Human Biology
-
75
2Kenneth e. Boulding 1956 Management
Science
1
1 parallelism
2
2
1
2
3
cybernetics
1
2
3
-
76
1
2
3
Kast & Rosenzweig 1974
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
77
2
1
2
3
4
5
subsystems
structural subsystem
technical subsystem
psychological subsystem
goals and values subsystem
managerial subsystem
1T. Parsons 1960
A.G.I.L.
2Philip Selznick 1949
Tennessee Valley Authority,
TVA
1
1
adaptation
-
78
goal-attainment
latency/pattern-maintenance
integration
2
strategic subsystem or level
managerial level
technical level
2
1Selznick
Selznick
whole
person
2
-
79
cooptation
Selznick
John M. Gaus
1936 1947
22
1
2
Contingency Theory
panacea
---
1polarization X Y
-
80
continuum
2flexibility
3efficiency & effectiveness
4equifinality
5
6If Then
2001130-137
1an open system
2homeostasis
3negative entropyentropy
4
5equifinality
6system evolution
1
2
-
81
3
1
2
3
vs.
vs. vs.
1closed-system
Taylor Gulick &
Urwick
1
2
3
2open-system
Gouldner
-
82
1
1
2
2
1
-
83
2
Gouldner
-
84
Bozeman 1991 73 the
Maxwell School at Syracuse University
Peters and
Pierre, 1998a: 223-224
1
2
governance without
governmentRhodes, 1997
3hollow states and governments
negotiated states and economies
4
1
2
-
85
3
moral hazard
D. H. Rosenbloom1998
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
P the P
approach, Down from Public Policy B the B approach, Up from
Business Management
1P down from public policy
1
2
Kettl1993P
-
86
2B up from business
1
2
Bozeman B
-
87
Process-Oriented
Farnham & Horton New Public Management,
NPM---
rational approach
---
------
---
3B P
1
2
3
4
5
1
2/external/integrate
/internal/technical
-
88
3
4
1New RightRanson & Stewart
1
2 quasi market
3
4 purchaserprovider
5
6
7
3 1993 National Performance Review, NPR
1
2
3
4 ---
Al Gore
-
89
1993 The Report of National
Performance Review, NPR 1993
Government Performance and Result Act of 1993
1John Stewart 1998: 16-22
1
2 the dangers of universalism
3
4
5
6
7 tamed issue
wicked issue
2Dinsdale1997: 382
-
90
John Stewart1998: 22-26
1
2
3
4
5
D. Waldo 1968 Syracuse University
Minnowbrook Conference Center 33
1988
32
36
relevancesocial justiceadaptation
clients-focushistorical context
8627
-
91
1
60
public
administrationPublic Administration
Waldo, 1971: xiiiD. Waldo
1968
Frank Marini
Toward a New Public Administration
1988
new
holy words
---
individual moralityauthenticity
individual salvation
D. Waldo, 1971:
xvi-xix H. George Frederickson
Frederickson, 1989: 97
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
-
92
9
2
Guy, 1989: 219
Holzer, 1989: 221
Guy, 1989: 219-220
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8seams of
society
9
10
11
-
93
3
2008 9 3 7
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnowbrook_Conference
9 3 5
56
:
/
/
( 9 5 7 )
-
94
300
80
1, 1968 1988
2008
2NPM 30
3
&
4 WaldoMosherRedford
5,
6 3
4
1
G. L. WamsleyC. T. GoodsellJ. A. Rohr
Wamsley 1983
Wamsley
Blacksburg
Blacksburg Perspective
-
95
2
3
4
1
---
---
2
positivism
-
96
normative
3depersonalization
objectification---
social equity
4Selznick
12
1
2
-
97
5-1
- - -
/
Jong Jun, 1986: 50
-
98
1George H. Frederickson19711997
The Spirits of Public
Administration
publicprescriptiveclient oriented
normative
genericdescriptiveinstitution
oriented
2Herbert Kaufman
social equity
3
Jong Jun1986: 18-21 6
beyond syndication
1
Mathews Mathews,
1984: 122
1
2
3
-
99
4
2Jong Jun, 1986
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1Robert B. Denhardt Janet V. Denhardt 2000 Public
Administration Review
The New Public Service: Serving Rather than Steering
2 2003The New Public Service:
Serving not Steering
B approach
P approachC
approach
-
100
1999 Paul Light
The New Public Service
21
1theories of democratic citizenship
2models of community and civil society
3organizational humanism and new public
administration
4postmodern public administration
Denhardt & Denhardt2003: 42-43
7
1serve citizens not customers
yes no
2seek the public interest
-
101
3value citizenship over
entrepreneurship
4think strategically, act democratically
5recognize that accountability is not simple
6serve rather than steer
rowingsteeringserving
7value people, not just productivity
-
102
Denhardt and Denhardt2000: 5542002181-182
7 91 12
Bergquist Postmodern Thought in a Nutshell: Where Art and Science
-
103
Come Together
1989 Peter Drucker1991
Frederick Jamson
1
2
3 1976 Daniel Bell
1989 Peter Drucker The New
Realities
4 1987
James Gleick Ilya Prigogine
1
2
3
-
104
1 50 60 Jordan
Freeman 1955
Ripley & Franklin 1960 1970
micro-level
2Rhodes
meso-level
aggregate level disaggregated
levelRhodes
meso-level the macro-level
the meso-level
the micro-level
Rod Rhodes
1micro-level
2meso-level
3macro-level
5-2
-
105
Borzel, 1997
Rhodes1988257
policy communitiesissue
communities professional networks
inter-governmentalproducer networks
Rhodes1997 Understanding Governance
1197720
2
3whole person
partial person
-
106
4
5
6
714transpersonal psychology
8
double-loop learning
deutero-learningsingle-loop learning
Pfeffer
1
1
2
3
4
14
-
107
2
1
2
3
4
1
French & Raven
1 coercive power
2 reward power
3 legitimate power
4 referent power
5 expert power
6 representative power
2
1 traditional authority
2 charismatic authority
3 legal-rational