eoc biology review

EOC BIOLOGY EOC BIOLOGY REVIEWREVIEW

EOC BIOLOGY EOC BIOLOGY REVIEWREVIEW

In DNA, which of the following determines the traits of an organism?

– Amount of adenine– Number of sugars– Sequence of nitrogen bases– Strength of hydrogen bonds

5C – Describe the roles of DNA, RNA and environmental factorsin cell differentiation.

“Thymine—guanine—thymine—cytosine” describes —

– nucleotides within and RNA strand – a sequence of bases within a DNA

section – points of DNA separation during

protein synthesis – points of DNA separation during

protein synthesis

6B – Recognize the components that make up the genetic codeare common to all organisms.

If a cat has 38 chromosomes in each of its body cells, how many chromosomes will be in each daughter cell after mitosis?

– 11– 19– 38– 76

5A – Describe the stages of the cell cycle, including DNA, replication and mitosis, and the importance of the cell cycle tothe growth of organisms.

Ultraviolet radiation can cause mutations in the DNA of skin cells that have been overexposed to the sun. This mutated DNA has no effect on future offspring because —

– changes in skin cell DNA are homozygous recessive

– mutations must occur within the RNA codons

– offspring reject parental skin cells – only changes to gamete DNA can be

inherited6E – Identify and illustrate changes in DNA and evaluatethe significance of these changes.

Part of a DNA strand is represented in the diagram above. In order for DNA to replicate, the strand must separate at which of the following locations?

– Between every phosphate-sugar pair– Between the eight sugar-base pairs– Between the four nitrogenous base

pairs– Between any two chemical bonds

6B – Recognize the components that make up the genetic codeare common to all organisms.

– A protein could not be manufactured.– A lysosome would digest the cell.– Osmosis would not occur in the cell.– Dehydration could be prevented in the cytoplasm.

6C – Explain the purpose and process of transcription andtranslation using models of DNA and RNA.

The diagram shows how an mRNA molecule is synthesized. What would be the most likely result if a bacterial infection stopped the production of the RNA polymerase?

The chain represents three codons. Which of the following changes would be expected in the amino acid chain if the mutation shown occurred?

•The amino acid sequence would be shorter than expected.•The identity of one amino acid would change.•The amino acid sequence would remain unchanged.•The identities of more than one amino acid would change.


Cancer is a disorder in which some cells have lost the ability to control their-

– size– spindle fibers– growth rate– surface area

5D - recognize that disruptions of the cell cycle lead to diseases such as cancer.

Cell division is represented in the figure by the letter-

– A– B– C– D

4B - investigate and explain cellular processes, including homeostasis, energy conversions, transport of molecules, and synthesis of new molecules.

Energy conversion within an animal cell would be severely limited by removal of the cell’s —

– Mitochondria– Golgi Apparatus– Lysosomes– Chloroplasts

4A - compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

What type of cellular process is occurring in the figure below?

– Osmosis– Diffusion– Active Transport– Both A and C


Which of these is a function of the cell membrane in all cells?

– Producing cellular nutrients– Preserving cellular wastes– Neutralizing chemicals– Maintaining homeostasis


Which organelle directs the activity of the cell’s organelles and directions to make proteins?

– Nucleus– Mitochondria– Vacuole– Cell Membrane


Which process occurs in the chloroplasts of all cells?

– Cellular respiration– Photosynthesis– Reproduction– Protein synthesis


The red blood cells in the figure above are in a ____________ solution

– Isotonic– Hypertonic– Hypotonic– Active Transport


What volume should be reported for the solution in this graduated cylinder?

– 64.0 mL– 56.2 mL– 56.0 mL– 50.6 mL

1A - demonstrate safe practices during laboratory and field investigations

Where does cellular respiration take place in the cell?

– Thylakoid – Chloroplast – Mitochondria – Vacuole


Look at the Venn Diagram. It compares the processes of cellular respiration and photosynthesis.

Which elements would you put in section Y?

– I, II– I, III– I, II, III– III

I. CO2II. O2III. C6H12O6


Which of following lists the scientific method in order from beginning to end?

– Purpose-Research-Hypothesis-Experiment-Conclusion-Analysis

– Purpose-Research-Hypothesis-Analysis-Experiment-Conclusion

– Purpose-Research-Hypothesis-Experiment-Analysis-Conclusion

– Purpose-Hypothesis-Research-Experiment-Analysis-Conclusion

2E - plan and implement descriptive, comparative, and experimental investigations, including asking questions, formulating testable hypotheses, and selecting equipment and technology;

Glucose is a sugar which is what type of organic molecule?

– Fructose– Enzyme– Protein– Carbohydrates

9A - compare the structures and functions of different types of biomolecules, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids;

The diagram shows water molecules arranged in a row. What is the most likely reason that each water molecule is arranged so that the oxygen part of the molecule faces a hydrogen part of the molecule?

– The oxygen in a water molecule contains a partial negative charge.

– Gravity rotates the oxygen atoms to face the more massive sodium ions.

– Hydrogen atoms create repulsive forces with chloride ions.

– Oxygen atoms form covalent bonds with sodium ions.

9A - compare the structures and functions of different types of biomolecules, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Proteins are produced according to a special code found in the control center of the cell. Which of these molecules carries this code:

– DNA– ATP– Glucose– Lipid


Which biomolecule is made of amino acids?

– Carbohydrates– Polysaccharides– Polymers– Proteins


Which of the following organelles is present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

– Nucleus– Ribosomes– Golgi apparatus– Endoplasmic reticulum


The swordfish has a heat-generating organ that warms its brain and eyes up to 14°C above the surrounding water temperature. What structures are likely to be found in relatively high concentrations in the cells of this organ?

– Chromosomes– Mitochondria– Nuclei– Ribosomes

4A - compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Why are photosynthesis and cellular respiration often considered opposites?

– Photosynthesis produces twice as many ATP molecules as cellular respiration does.

– Water is released during photosynthesis and consumed during cellular respiration.

– Photosynthesis occurs during the day, and cellular respiration occurs at night.

– Oxygen is produced during photosynthesis and used during cellular respiration.



Saltwater fish remove extra salt from their body by active transport through the gills. What is the result of this activity?

– The salt becomes more chemically active.– Water balance is maintained in the blood.– The rate of energy production is

decreased.– The cell membrane becomes less

permeable to water.

The safest way to dilute concentrated sulfuric acid is to add —

– a series of small volumes of water to the acid while stirring

– the acid to water slowly while stirring constantly

– the acid to a small volume of water and then add more water

– dilute sulfuric acid to a small volume of the concentrated acid

1A - demonstrate safe practices during laboratory and field investigations

In eukaryotes, DNA –

– is located in the nucleus.– floats freely in the cytoplasm.– is located in the ribosomes.– is circular.

4A - compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

During mitosis, the –

– DNA molecules unwind.– histones and DNA molecules

separate.– DNA molecules become more tightly

coiled.– chromosomes condense and sister

chromatids separate.

5A - describe the stages of the cell cycle, including deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) replication and mitosis, and the importance of the cell cycle to the growth of organisms

The chemical factors that determine traits are called –

– alleles– traits– genes– characters

6B - recognize that components that make up the genetic code are common to all organisms

The process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells is called –

– cell division– metaphase– interphase– mitosis


During normal mitotic cell division, a parent cell having four chromosomes will produce two daughter cells, each containing

– two chromosomes.– four chromosomes.– eight chromosomes.– sixteen chromosomes.


Cancer is a disorder in which some cells have lost the ability to control their –

– size– spindle fibers– growth rate– surface area

5D - recognize that disruptions of the cell cycle lead to diseases such as cancer.

The diagram shows chromosomes in a cell undergoing cell division. If one of the chromosomes breaks during this process, which of the following will most likely happen?

– Mutation– Selection– Segregation– Duplication


How many codons are needed to specify three amino acids?

– 3– 6– 9– 12


A tall plant is crossed with a short plant. If the tall F1 pea plants are allowed to self-pollinate –

– the offspring will be of medium height– all of the offspring will be tall– all of the offspring will be short– some of the offspring will be tall, and

some will be short

6F – Predict possible outcomes of various genetic combinations such as monohybrid crosses, dihybrid crosses, and non-Mendelianinheritance.

Gametes are produced by the process of

– Mitosis– Meiosis– crossing-over– replication

6G - recognize the significance of meiosis to sexual reproduction

Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of –

– diploid cells– haploid cells– 2N daughter cells– body cells

6G - recognize the significance of meiosis to sexual reproduction

Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of –

– two genetically identical cells– four genetically different cells– four genetically identical cells– two genetically different cells

6G -

Mutations in DNA can occur when —

– replication of DNA is exact– a DNA enzyme attaches to an RNA

codon– RNA codons are replaced by DNA

nucleotides– a change occurs in DNA nucleotide

bases

6E – Identify and illustrate changes in DNA and evaluate thesignificance of these changes.

In which layer would the most recentrelatives of modern day animals be found?

– Layer A– Layer C– Layer E– Layer F

F E

D C

B A

7B – Analyze and evaluate scientific explanations concerning anydata of sudden appearance, stasis and sequential nature of groupsin the fossil record.

Which statement is best supported by the information below?

– Barnacles develop within the whale uterus.

– Whales descended from ancestors with hair.

– Fluid inside the uterus is colder than seawater.

– Adult whales will possess more hair in the future.

7C – Analyze and evaluate how natural selection produces change inpopulations, not individuals.

Differences in amino acid sequences and DNA sequences are greater among species that are more distantly related than between species that are more closely related. These biochemical differences and relatedness are used as evidence of-

– Translation– Transcription– Vestigial structures– Evolution

7A – Analyze and evaluate how evidence of common ancestry amonggroups is provided by the fossil record, biogeography, and homologiesincluding anatomical, molecular, and developmental.

A man treated his home with a pesticide that kills roaches. The first application of the pesticide killed 92% of the roaches. Two months later he applied the pesticide to his home again, but the second application killed only 65% of the roaches. What would best explain the decrease in the effectiveness of the pesticide?

– The pesticide is effective only against mature roaches.

– Once roaches learned how to fight the pesticide, they taught others.

– The surviving roaches were naturally resistant to the pesticide, and that resistance was inherited by their offspring.

– The pesticide caused some of the roaches’ digestive systems to mutate and metabolize the pesticide.


Which of these conclusions can be made based on the graphs shown above?

– Larger mosquitoes have migrated into the area.

– Smaller mosquitoes are being eaten by larger mosquitoes.

– A mosquito length of 2 cm has become a disadvantage in this environment.

– Mosquitoes with a body length of 3 cm have the longest life span.

7D – Analyze and evaluate how the elements of natural selection, including inherited variation, the potential of a population to produce more offspring than can survive, and a finite supply of environmental resources, result in differential reproductivesuccesses.

The diagram shows relationships of selected species over time. According to this information, which of these species is expected to have the greatest phenotypic difference from the ancestral species?

– Species Q– Species R– Species T– Species U


The guppy is a species of small freshwater fish. Scientists observed that the average size of guppies in a pond decreased over a few years after a guppy predator was introduced into the pond. Which of the following best explains the change in guppy size?

– Speciation– Convergent evolution– Inbreeding– Natural selection


Which of the following best explains how the milkweed bug’s coloration helps it avoid being eaten by birds?

– Birds become confused by the bug’s coloration, so the bug has time to escape.

– Birds associate the bug’s coloration with its bad taste and avoid eating it.

– Birds are unable to locate the bug’s head, so the bug can escape.

– Birds cannot locate the bug because it appears to be part of the plant.

7E – Analyze and evaluate the relationship of natural selectionto adaptation and to the development of diversity in andamong species

Which of the following is best supported by the information shown below?

– These lizards evolved in arid habitats.

– Modern lizards drink more water than their ancestors did.

– These lizards cool themselves by evaporation.

– Modern lizards excrete more water than their ancestors did.

7E – Analyze and evaluate the relationship of natural selectionto adaptation and to the development of diversity in andamong species

One of the adaptations that Darwin noted on the species of finches found on the Galápagos Islands was that they displayed different structural adaptations in

– the differences in egg shape and color– the birds’ beaks– the length and type of legs– the number of mating partners


The same kinds of structures/limbs that grow in structurally different patterns in different organisms (bat wing and butterfly wing) are termed as –

– analogous structures– Endosymbiosis– natural selection– vestigial structures


Which factor might determine whether the frequency of the new allele will increase in a population where a mutation occurs?

– the number of alleles– survival of the fittest and rates of

reproductive fitness– the number of possible phenotypes– whether the mutation causes a

detrimental effect on the population

7F – Analyze and evaluate the effects of other evolutionarymechanisms, including genetic drift, gene flow, mutation andrecombination.

The occurrence of the same amino acid sequence in digestive proteins in two morphologically unrelated species provides evidence that these two species –

– occupy the same niche– have homologous structures – descended from a common ancestor– have evolved convergently

7F – Analyze and evaluate the effects of other evolutionarymechanisms, including genetic drift, gene flow, mutation andrecombination.

A human embryo, when compared to a dolphin embryo, exhibits all of the following similarities during development except –

– pharyngeal gill slits– a bony tail– fins– a coat of fine fur


Based on genes responsible for producing respiratory structures, which pair of organisms would be MOST closely related?

– perch and grasshopper– tadpole and bird– fish and human– snake and monkey


Which of the following statements addresses a weakness of the hypothesis below?Hypothesis: An organism's reproductive fitness is based on the number of male offspring it produces.

– The hypothesis is not testable.– The hypothesis contains multiple variables.– The hypothesis is too long.– The hypothesis does not include a control

variable.7D – Analyze and evaluate how the elements of natural selection, including inherited variation, the potential of a population to produce more offspring than can survive, and a finite supply of environmental resources, result in differential reproductivesuccesses.

The table shows an amino acid comparison of cytochrome c, a protein involved in cellular respiration in aerobic organisms. The two organisms in the table that are least genetically related are the —

– silkworm moth and the fruit fly

– silkworm moth and the screwworm fly

– fruit fly and the screwworm fly

– fruit fly and the hornworm moth

7A – Analyze and evaluate how evidence of common ancestry among groups is provided by the fossil record, biogeography, and homologiesincluding anatomical, molecular, and developmental.

Using the fossil diagram, what inference can be drawn regarding relationship between the fossil in the lower layer of Layer pair 1 and Layer pair 3?

– Both fossils are exactly the same species.– The fossil in Layer pair 1 is older than the fossil in

Layer pair 3.– The fossil in Layer pair 1 is younger than the fossil

in Layer pair 3.– The fossil in Layer pair 1 is the same age as the

fossil in Layer pair 3.

The maps below show the geographic ranges of four species of the order Lagomorpha, which includes rabbits and hares. In which range would developing white fur in winter most likely not be an advantage for a member of this order?

Which of the following factors helps spread disease-causing bacteria?

– Low temperatures– Access to new hosts– Mutation by heat energy– Availability of light

11C – Summarize the role of microorganisms in both maintainingand disrupting the health of both organisms and ecosystems.

Lactose is a naturally occurring sugar found in milk. Some dairy products, such as yogurt, may contain live bacteria. These products are useful to people who lack the ability to digest lactose. What does this information demonstrate?

– Bacteria raise the acidity of processed foods.

– Some bacteria interfere with digestion.– Bacteria can prevent insulin production.– Some bacteria are beneficial to human

health.


Which organism during a red tide would be found in great quantities?

– E. coli– Brown algae– Diatoms– Dinoflagellates

8C – Compare characteristics of taxonomic groups, including Archaea, bacteria, protists, fungi, plants and animals.

The same kinds of structures/limbs that grow in structurally different patterns in different organisms (bat wing and butterfly wing) are termed as –

– analogous structures– Endosymbiosis– natural selection– vestigial structures


What are the advantages of a standardized naming system?

– The name for an organism is the same, no matter which country it is in.

– All scientists have every organism’s name memorized.

– Scientists have a common language to discuss a particular organism.

– Groups of different organisms are classified into the same group.8A – Define taxonomy and recognize the importance of a standardized taxonomic system to the scientific community.

Which of these factors should be compared to best determine how closely species are related to each other?

– number of genes– sequence of amino acids– location of chromosomes– physical similarities in body

structures


The instructions for making new copies of a virus are

– a part of a virus’s capsid.– coded in surface proteins attached

to the protein coat.– coded in either RNA or DNA.– found only in bacteriophages.

4C – Compare the structures of viruses to cells, describe viralreproduction, and describe the role of viruses in causing diseasessuch as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and influenza.

Fungi do NOT

– carry out photosynthesis.– grow on their food source.– digest food outside their bodies.– absorb food through their cell walls.


Fungi resemble plants in that they both always

– have stems.– grow from the ground.– are multicellular.– have cell walls.


All of the organisms in a typical ecosystem are interdependent, helping to maintain the equilibrium of the ecosystem and sustaining each other. Which of the following processes can bacteria perform that is not possible for the other members of a typical ecosystem?

– converting radiant energy into chemical energy

– conserving water – using nitrogen from the atmosphere– decomposing the remains of dead

organisms11C – Summarize the role of microorganisms in both maintainingand disrupting the health of both organisms and ecosystems.

Bread rises because fermentation by yeast produces

– spores.– rhizoids.– water.– carbon dioxide.


Scientists discover a new organism. The organism is autotrophic, with membrane bound organelles. To which of these kingdoms does this organism most likely belong?

– Archaebacteria– Eubacteria– Animalia– Protista


Which of the following does not describe a fungus?

– cell walls made of chitin– can carry on photosynthesis– absorb food through cell walls– reproduce using spores


Which statement about Penicillium is correct?

– It produces mushrooms.– It causes bread to rise.– It is the source of an antibiotic.– It causes athlete’s foot.


The most general group that an organism can belong to is its-

– Genus– Class– Family– Kingdom

8A – Define taxonomy and recognize the importance of a standardized taxonomic system to the scientific community.

Bacteria that cause disease are called

– viruses.– pathogens.– endospores.– antibiotics.


Fungi that absorb food from decaying organic matter are

– parasites.– saprobes.– mutualists.– autotrophs.


Which of the following diseases is NOT caused by a bacterium?

– Tooth decay.– Tuberculosis.– AIDS.– Lyme disease.


What factors do the kingdoms Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia have in common?

– They are all eukaryotes.– They are all photosynthetic

organisms.– They are all multicellular organisms.– They are all prokaryotes.


According to the scientific names, Felis catus and Felis silvestris do NOT belong to the same

– Class– Family– Genus– Species

8A – Define taxonomy and recognize the importance of a standardized taxonomic system to the scientific community.

Which of the following is a definingcharacteristic of a prokaryotic cell?

– absence of a membrane bound nucleus

– the method of cellular respiration– the composition of the cell

membrane– the method of movement

4A – Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

How can viruses be treated medically to reduce the number and prevent them from spreading?

– Use antibiotics to kill them and, use vaccines to prevent them from spreading.

– Use vaccines to kill them and, use antibiotics to prevent them from spreading.

– Prevent them from spreading using vaccines, but do not treat with antibiotics.

– Prevent them from spreading using antibiotics, but do not treat them with vaccines.


Lysogenic viruses DO NOT –

– inject their DNA into the host cell– reproduce and lyse the host cell

immediately– become dormant and divide with

the cell’s DNA– infect a host cell

4C – Compare the structures of viruses to cells, describe viralReproduction, and describe the role of viruses in causing diseasesSuch as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and influenza.

What characteristics are most useful in classifying this organism?

– 4, size– 2, 3, 4– 4, 6, size– 4, 6

4A – Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Using the table below, identify which of the following most accurately describes an organism from the Kingdom Protista?


Kingdom Characteristics

1 Unicellular Prokaryotic Autotrophic

2 Non-livingRequires host high specificity

3 Multicellular Eukaryotic Cell wall

4 Unicellular/multicellular EukaryoticAutotrophic/heterotrophic

Kingdom 1Kingdom 2Kingdom 3Kingdom 4

The result of a bacterial pathogen invading your body is –

– the bacteria undergoes photosynthesis– the bacteria goes into a dormant phase– the bacteria breaks down body tissue

as food– the bacteria goes into the lytic cycle

and divides


Why are algae considered one of the most important groups of organisms on our planet?

– They are rich in vitamin C.– They produce chemicals that are used to

treat health problems.– They produce much of Earth’s oxygen

through photosynthesis.– They produce chemicals that are used to

make plastics, waxes and paints.


In which location would a photosynthetic autotroph be found?

– in a grocery store– in a dark cabinet– on your skin or in your hair– at or near the surface of oceans,

lakes, streams, and ponds


In which layer would the most recentrelatives of modern day animals be found?

– Layer A– Layer C– Layer E– Layer F

F E

D C

B A

7B – Analyze and evaluate scientific explanations concerning anydata of sudden appearance, stasis and sequential nature of groupsin the fossil record.

If an animal is not fit for its environment then according to Darwin it could lead to –

– Replication– Mutation– Speciation– Extinction


Birds and reptiles are similar in that they are vertebrates and lay eggs. They differ in that reptiles have teeth and birds have beaks. Some birds do possess teeth. However, these teeth are present only in the embryonic stage. Which conclusion is best supported by the presence of teeth in bird embryos

– Birds and reptiles share a common ancestor.– Modern reptiles are the ancestors of modern birds.– Birds and reptiles eat similar types of food.– Ancestors of reptiles had beaks similar to those of

birds.


Which statement is best supported by the information below?

– Barnacles develop within the whale uterus.

– Whales descended from ancestors with hair.

– Fluid inside the uterus is colder than seawater.

– Adult whales will possess more hair in the future.


Differences in amino acid sequences and DNA sequences are greater among species that are more distantly related than between species that are more closely related. These biochemical differences and relatedness are used as evidence of-

– Translation– Transcription– Vestigial structures– Evolution


A man treated his home with a pesticide that kills roaches. The first application of the pesticide killed 92% of the roaches. Two months later he applied the pesticide to his home again, but the second application killed only 65% of the roaches. What would best explain the decrease in the effectiveness of the pesticide?

– The pesticide is effective only against mature roaches.– Once roaches learned how to fight the pesticide, they

taught others.– The surviving roaches were naturally resistant to the

pesticide, and that resistance was inherited by their offspring.

– The pesticide caused some of the roaches’ digestive systems to mutate and metabolize the pesticide.


Some bacteria thrive in hostile environments, such as salt flats, boiling-hot springs, and carbonate-rock interiors, primarily because of bacteria’s

– biochemical diversity– small sizes– round shapes– methods of movement


Which of the following factors helps spread disease-causing bacteria?

– Low temperatures– Access to new hosts– Mutation by heat energy– Availability of light

12B – Compare variations and adaptations of organismsin different ecosystems.

A study shows that 40% to 100% of raw poultry is contaminated by disease-causing bacteria. Which of the following activities provides people the best protection from these bacteria?

– Rinsing dishes thoroughly– Eating a balanced diet daily– Visiting a doctor regularly– Cooking foods properly


Streptococcus infection in a person’s throat can cause pain and fever. Streptococcus can be controlled by antibiotics. Streptococcus is a —

– Virus– Bacterium– Protozoan– Fungus


Which of the following describes a role of bacteria in the environment?

– Carrying out photosynthesis– Recycling nutrients– Fixing nitrogen– All of the above


Bacteria that cause disease are called

– viruses.– pathogens.– endospores.– antibiotics.


Which of the following is a characteristic of bacteria that is key to keeping them under control?

– Most bacteria cannot survive high temperatures for long periods.

– Most bacteria are resistant to harmful chemicals.

– Most bacteria form endospores when subjected to harsh environments.

– Most bacteria do not cause food to spoil.


Food stored in a refrigerator will keep longer because the bacteria that spoil food

– die at low temperatures.– take longer to multiply at low

temperatures.– require light to live.– grow more slowly in the dark.


Which of the following will NOT kill bacteria?

– Refrigeration– Boiling– Chemical disinfection– Frying


A laboratory investigation includedexamining prepared slides of pond water. Single-celled organisms with a nucleus and either cilia or flagella were visible. These organisms probably belong to the kingdom –

– Animalia– Fungi– Plantae– Protista


Multicellular eukaryotes that are usually mobile and obtain food from other organisms probably belong to the kingdom –

– Plantae– Fungi– Animalia– Protista


Which kingdom does this organism belong to?

– Fungi– Archaebacteria– Plantae– Animalia


This organism most likely is a member of which kingdom?

– Eubacteria– Protista– Animalia– Plantae


Some zooplankton belong to the kingdom Protista. Members of this kingdom are characterized as —

– having segmented bodies with jointed appendages

– containing one or more eukaryotic cells

– laying eggs with a leathery protective shell

– having a four-chambered heart


Which is a characteristic of members of the plant kingdom that distinguishes them from members of the animal kingdom?

– Storage of energy in chemical bonds– Exchange of H2O with the environment– Use of mRNA during protein production– Use of chlorophyll for solar-energy

transformation


Fungi do NOT

– carry out photosynthesis.– grow on their food source.– digest food outside their bodies.– absorb food through their cell walls.


Fungi resemble plants in that they both always

– have stems.– grow from the ground.– are multicellular.– have cell walls.


Which statement about Penicillium is correct?

– It produces mushrooms. – It causes bread to rise.– It is the source of an antibiotic.– It causes athlete’s foot.


An important role of fungi in an ecosystem is

– photosynthesis.– breaking down dead organisms.– making alcohol.– killing bacteria.


Fungi that absorb food from decaying organic matter are

– parasites.– saprobes.– mutualists.– autotrophs.


A person who comes down with malaria can infer that he or she contracted it from

– contaminated water supplies.– infection by the animal-like protest

Giardia.– the bite of the Anopheles mosquito.– the bite of the tsetse fly.


What is the most common threat to a host organism posed by an invading virus?

– Production of viral fluids in the bloodstream – Fermentation of acids in the digestive

system– Destruction of cells by viral reproduction– Stimulation of muscle tone in the heart


Viruses differ from bacteria in that all viruses —

– cause insect-borne diseases– can be destroyed by antibiotics– have rigid cell walls– must be reproduced in living cells


Enzymes allow viruses to insert their genetic material into the host cell’s DNA. The virus benefits from this action by —

– acquiring the traits of the host cell – causing the host cell to produce

viruses – introducing random deadly mutations

into the host cell– turning the host cell into a virus


Which of the following is a characteristic of all viruses?

– Genetic information is stored as DNA– Contain protein coats– Has the machinery to reproduce– Can control its metabolism


Diseases that can be spread fromperson to person are known as communicable diseases. Communicable diseases can be caused by many different types of organisms and also by viruses. Which of the following communicable diseases is caused by a virus and can be transmitted from an infected mother to her baby during childbirth?

– Herpes– Malaria– Ringworm– Tetanus


8B – Categorize organisms using a hierarchical classification systembased on similarities and differences shared among organisms.

Genetic material would best fit into area –

- W- X- Y- Z

Viruses Plant Cells

X

Y

Z Bacterial Cells

W

Which of the following diseases is NOT caused by a bacterium?

– Tooth decay.– Tuberculosis.– AIDS.– Lyme disease.


Bacteriophages infect

– other viruses.– bacteria only.– any available host cell.– cells undergoing the lytic cycle.


Viral diseases can be

– treated with antibiotics and prevented with vaccines.

– treated with vaccines and prevented with antibiotics.

– prevented with antibiotics but not treated with vaccines.

– prevented with vaccines but not treated with antibiotics.


Which of the following structure or structures shown in Figure 19-1 do prokaryotes and viruses have in common?

– A, B, C– A, B, E– D only– E only


The human disease ringworm is caused by

– worms.– bacteria.– a fungus.– yeasts.


X Y

Ferns Pine Trees

Moss Wheat

Horsetails Bluebonnets

Which of the following is an appropriate title for column Y?

-Seed bearing-Angiosperms-Gymnosperms-Non-vascular

10B – Describe the interactions that occur among systemsthat perform the functions of transport, reproduction andresponse in plants.

Vascular plants use a variety of methods of reproduction to ensure the survival of its species. Which of the following statements supports this idea?

– Animals assist in carrying seeds away from the parent plant to prevent competition.

– Flowering plants produce small numbers of seeds.

– Stems hold leaves toward the sun to capture energy.

– Insects decrease self-pollination of many plants.


What adaptation enables leaves at the top of a tall pine tree to receive water?

– Xylem in the roots, trunk, and branches

– Phloem in the trunk and bark.– Photosynthesis in the trunk and

branches– Vacuoles in the cells of the trunk and

roots.


Which structure regulates gas exchange during the process of photosynthesis and respiration?

– Q– R– S– T


eoc biology review

Documents