environmental issues & pollution control measures in … prstn_thermal april2012... ·...
TRANSCRIPT
Saturday,Apr 21, 2012
Environmental Environmental
issues & issues &
Pollution Control Pollution Control
Measures Measures
in Power sectorin Power sector
Tushar Kumar
Sr. Manager ( Envt. Management)
Email- [email protected]
Presentation Structure
Introduction
Environment Management in NTPC
Presentation Structure
Introduction
Environment Management in NTPC
Ranked electrification as the greatest engineering achievement of the 20th century, ahead of automobiles, telecommunications, computers, and even healthcare in terms of its positive impact on quality of life.
Cycles of Demographic Growth
With the onset of the Industrial Revolution, humankind’s ability to extract and use energy from nature increased dramatically. Whereas biomass and animal power fueled the agrarian boom, fossil fuels powered the Industrial Revolution and the modern societies that grew out of it.
World Benchmarks- Global Energy System 2000 2020 2050
Population (billion) 6.2 8 10
Primary Energy, Gtoe/yr 10 13 17
Electricity Fraction of primary energy (%) 0.38 0.5 0.7
Electricity Consumption (trillion kWh/yr) 13 28 60
Electricity Generating Capacity (thousands of GW) 3 5 10
Maximum Carbon Emissions (GT per year) 7 8 10
World Energy Systems- getting electrified
The world is predicted to become more and more dependent on electricity
Shares of energy sources in world primary energy demand
Incremental world primary energy demand by fuel, 2000-10
Coal accounted for nearly half of the increase in global energy use over the past
decade with the bulk of the growth coming from the power sector in emerging
economies
Per Capita Electricity Consumption
Carbon footprints in various economies
Source – Human Development Report 2007
Rapidly Growing Energy Demand – India
Energy demand driven by GDP, population and higher urbanisation
� India’s economy expected to grow by 7-8%
� Population expected to touch 1.32 Billion and Urbanisation levels is expected to touch 43% by 2020.
� Energy per capita at 510 KwH per capita is low vis-à-vis a Global average of 1818 KwH.
� By 2020, India’s energy per capita is expected to touch 722 KwH per capita.
� Increasing environmental concerns will play a role in determining the fuel mix.
Indian Electricity Generation Mix
Source: World Energy Outlook 2007, IEA
Coal
Gas
2010~32 GW
NTPC Generation Mix
Coal
Gas
Nuclear
HydroRenewable
2017 ~ 75 GW
Coal
Gas
Nuclear
Hydro
Renewable
2032 ~ 128 GW
Presentation Structure
Introduction
Environment Management in NTPC
Institutional Setup for Addressing Envt. Issues
Engineering
Phase
Operation
Phase
Research
Area
Engg/Envt Engg.
Envt Clearances
Equipment Specifications
R&M Activities for Envt Eqpt.
Envt Mgmt.,AU & Aff Compliance Assurance
Policy Advocacy
Scientific Data base etc.
Envt. Perf. Enhancement
Energy ConservationCEETEM
CEENPEP Efficiency Improvement
NETRA Research for SPM reduction
Research for GHG capture
IGCC / Solar Power Initiatives
Enhancing Ash Uti. & Affores.
Material Flow Diagram for Thermal Power plant
Air EmissionsSPM,CO2, SO2, NOx
Electricity
Fuel ( Coal, Gas, LDO/HFO)
Air
Aux.Power
Recycled Water
Water
ASH (Coal)
Waste
Lub Oil/ Grease
Ferrous Scraps
Non Ferrous Scraps
Batteries
Bio-Medical Waste
Effluents
Main Plant Eff.
Ash Pond Eff. (Coal)
Domestic Eff.Domestic Waste
Air Emissions: SPM, SO2, NOx & CO2
• SPM Reduction (Design Approach) • ESP Retrofit
–Dummy Field Filling at Singrauli,
Ramagundam
– Replacement of Electrical energisation
system at Unchahar (St-1), Singrauli,
Rihand ( St-1), Ramagundam (St-1 &2),
Farakka, Korba, Badarpur, Tanda
– Additional Fields at Badarpur, Talcher
Thermal
350
150
100
SP
M (
mg
/Nm
3)
No Limit For SPM Emissionbef: 1986
Lim
it –
15
0 m
g/n
m3
( E
P A
ct
1986
)
Design Criteria (<100 mg/nm3)
Year1986 1996
• Flue Gas Conditioning
–Ammonia based FGC at following Stations
• Farakka – St-1 & 2
• Singrauli- St-1 & 2
• Rihand – St-1
• Badarpur – St-1 & 2
• Korba – St-1 & 2
–SO3 based FGC at
• Rihand St-2
Air Emissions: SPM, SO2, NOx & CO2
• NOx Emission Abatement
– High stack for Better dispersion
–low NOx wall fired coal burner Over fire
Dampers in Coal Based units
– Combustion optimization
– Water Injection, Low NOx burners & DeNOx
arrangements in Gas Based Units
– Real time NOx Measurement Systems are
available in all Gas Based units
– Real time NOx Measurement Systems are
available in new coal based units• SO2 Abatement
– Through tall stack of Height 220 mts for
200 MW units & 275 mts for 500 MW units
– Space left for FGD in 500 MW Units
– FGD has been incorporated in plant
configuration at Bongaigaon Units to burn
Assamese Coal
– Real time SO2 Measurement Systems are
available in new coal based units
• Facts about SO2 Emission
–Sulphur Content in Indian Coal is inherently
low (0.2- 0.6 %) only as compared to 2- 5 %
in western coal
– Sweetened Gas is used in Gas based power
plants, which does not have Sulphur
content.
– Real time SO2 Measurement Systems are
available in Gas Based units
Air Emissions: SPM, SO2, NOx & CO2
• CO2 Emission Abatement
–Super Critical units
–Bigger size Units (500 MW or more)
–Renovation & Modernization of Old units
–Energy efficient Systems ( VFD, Adnaced
Controllers)
–Efficiency Improvement through Energy
Conservation
–Performance Optimization through real
time efficiency monitoring (PADO etc.)
• Advantages of Super Critical Units
– Reduction for 500 Mw at 68.5% PLF
PER YEAR is approximately.
• CO2 : 78300 TONS
• SO2 : 365 TONS
• NOX : 71 TONS
• Facts about CO2 Emission
–Presently 81% of installed capacity of NTPC
is Coal based and balance is Gas based
–CDM Methodology for North Karanpura
Project has been approved by CDM Exe
Board
–Real time CO2 Measurement Systems are
under installation .
– Presently Tree Wealth of more than 18.7
Million acting as GHG sink
Supply Side
Increased use of
Non fossil energy
Improved efficiency
of power system
Nuclear or LNG thermal power generation sources
Hydroelectric, Geothermal, Solar & Wind power
Combined cycle , supercritical,IGCC thermal power plants
Use of Extra High Voltagetransmission systems
Demand Side
Energy Conservation
Regeneration
Energy conservation in industries,households , lighting etc
Development of high efficient energysaving applications
Concept of energy efficient buildings
Use of Regenerative systems in grid
Co2 Control Measures for Electricity sector
Ambient Air Quality
• Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
–61 Nos. of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
Systems have been installed and
commissioned successfully at 20 NTPC
Stations.
–These systems have capability of
measurement of following parameters
–SO2, NOx, PM10, PM2.5 & CO2
– Wind Speed, Wind Direction, Rain fall,
Relative Humidity, Solar Radiation &
Temerature.
–These AAQMs helps to establish linkage
between emissions from TPP with Ground
Level Conc of pollutants
– Data from these AAQMS has been made
available to CPCB ( Hourly Average)
Ash Management
• Areas of Ash Utilization• Presently ash generated at Coal based plants is
used in
‒ Mine filling
‒ Roads & Railway Embankments
‒ Cement , RCC & HVFAC
‒ Ash based Bricks , Blocks , Tiles etc
‒ Agriculture
‒ Railway Concrete sleepers ( Lab Scale)
Ash Pond Management – Fugitive Emission Control
BTPS Ash Pond covered with Greenry Arrangement of Water Sprinklers
Green Cover at Ash PondLand reclamation
Effluent Management
Cycle of Concentration
• Systems Installed for Effluent Mgmt.
LWTP /STPs AT
Dadri, Badarpur, Anta, Auraiya, Singrauli, Rihand, Tanda, Unchahar, Farakka, Kahalgaon, Talcher Super, Talcher Thermal, Ramagundam, Simhadri, Kayamkulam, Vidhyachal, Sipat, Korba, Kawas & Jhanor
Effluent discharged from the above is used for horticulture purpose extensively
AWRS AT –
Rihand, Unchahar, Kahalgaon, Talcher Thermal,Talcher Super, Ramagundam, Simhadri, Vindhyachal, Sipat, Korba, Singrauli (U/c)
Above provisions at NTPC stations has resulted in Water recycling upto 85-90% at many stations
PLANT EFFLUENT IS USED FOR HORTICULTURAL PURPOSE.
WATER GRID (HDPE PIPELINE) COVERING THE ENTIRE PLANT
AREA IS AVAILABLE FOR THIS PURPOSE
RGCCPPRGCCPP
Waste Management
• Waste Management Policy.
• Lub Oil , Transformer Oil , Grease – Sold to registered recyclers ( registered with CPCB/SPCBs)
• Ferrous Scrap / Non Ferrous scarp – e Auction through MSTC/STC.
• Hazardous Waste: Member to TSDF Facilities in states
(AP,Mah,Kerala,Guj,Delhi & UP)
At other plants kept in safe, identified places.
• Batteries : Returned under buy back arrangement / obligation
• Domestic Waste : Efforts are being made to segregate waste at source for
proper disposal.
• Bio- Methanation plant : completed at Faridabad & Singrauli & being under process of award at Kawas & Dadri.(Consultancy from TERI)
• Vermi–Composting : at most of NTPC Plants
• Bio-Medical Waste : Disposed off through SPCB approved agencies for Bio-Medical waste Handling
NTPC - Committed to
protect Environment for
future generation