Engr. Eric A. Toledo

Telecom. Training Institute

Types of FTTxTypes of FTTx

FTTP FTTP –– Fiber to the PremisesFiber to the Premises

FTTN FTTN –– Fiber to the NodeFiber to the Node

FTTC FTTC –– Fiber to the Cabinet or Fiber to the Cabinet or FTTC FTTC –– Fiber to the Cabinet or Fiber to the Cabinet or

(HFC) (HFC) Hybrid fiber CoaxialHybrid fiber Coaxial

FTTB FTTB –– Fiber to the BuildingFiber to the Building

FTTH FTTH –– Fiber to the HomeFiber to the Home

EVOLUTION TO BROADBAND

ADSL 2 Mbps

ADSL 224 Mbps

vDSLvDSLvDSLvDSL

100Mbps

Functionalityand

Capabilities

IDSL128 kbps

Dial-up64 kbps

ADSL384 kbps

Pre 1997 1997 1998 1999 2000 2002 2004

TELECOM �ETWORK

TRA�SMISSIO�

OPTICAL FIBER CABLE

Cross Connect

CabinetLOCAL ACCESS �ETWORK

Local Loop �etwork

D

P

Main Dist. Frame

(MDF)

DIG.

SW.

Cross Connect

Cabinet

FIBER TO THE CABI�ET

D

P

DLC

M

D

F

T

X

R

X

R

X

T

X

O

D

F BAT

D

C

C

T

X

R

X

R

X

T

X

O

D

F

DIG.

SW.

Transport over HFC network

* By using frequency division multiplexing, an HFC

network may carry a variety of services, including

analog TV, digital TV (standard definition and HDTV),

Video on demand, telephony, and high-speed data. Video on demand, telephony, and high-speed data.

Services on these systems are carried on Radio

Frequency (RF) signals in the 5Mhz to 1000MHz

frequency band.

FIBER TO THE HOME

N S F

EXCHANGE

ONU

BUILDING

O

N

U

HOME

Metallic Lead - in

N

O

D

E

S

L

T

F

T

M

SLT - Subscriber Line Terminal

FTM - Fiber Termination Module

O�U - Optical Network Unit

Optical Fiber Cable Splice Enclosure

ONU

OPTICAL �ETWORK U�IT

LI�E CARDS FOR MULTIMEDIA SERVICES

OPTICAL �ETWORK U�IT

AC POWER SOURCE

METALLIC LEAD IN

OPTICAL FIBER CABLE

Outdoor Installation Type

OPTICAL FIBER DROP

OPTICAL �ETWORK U�IT

Indoor Installation (Apartment Block)

OPTICAL �ETWORK U�IT

I

�

D

O

O

R

I

��

S

T

A

L

L

A

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�

Direct FiberDirect FiberSimplest distributionSimplest distribution

Each fiber leaving the central office Each fiber leaving the central office

goes directly to the customergoes directly to the customer

Provide excellent bandwidthProvide excellent bandwidth

Very expensiveVery expensive

Use if the service area is very smallUse if the service area is very small

The customer is close to centralThe customer is close to central

Shared FiberShared FiberEach fiber leaving the central Each fiber leaving the central

office shared by many office shared by many

customercustomercustomercustomer

There are 2 competing optical There are 2 competing optical

distribution network distribution network

architectures which achieve architectures which achieve

this splitthis split

Passive Optical Network Passive Optical Network

(PON)(PON)

Do not use electrically powered Do not use electrically powered

components to split the signalcomponents to split the signal

It uses BEAM SPLITTERSIt uses BEAM SPLITTERSIt uses BEAM SPLITTERSIt uses BEAM SPLITTERS

It can split a fiber into 16, 32, or It can split a fiber into 16, 32, or

64 typically64 typically

Several splitters can be Several splitters can be

aggregated in a single cabinetaggregated in a single cabinet

PONPONBeam Splitter cannot provide any Beam Splitter cannot provide any switching or bufferingswitching or buffering

It is a point to multi point linkIt is a point to multi point link

It provides broadcast signal, including It provides broadcast signal, including to whom the signal is not intendedto whom the signal is not intendedto whom the signal is not intendedto whom the signal is not intended

Up to ONU / ONT to filter out any Up to ONU / ONT to filter out any signals intended for the customersignals intended for the customer

Each ONT/ONU must be coordinated in Each ONT/ONU must be coordinated in a multiplexing scheme to prevent a multiplexing scheme to prevent signals from customer colliding at the signals from customer colliding at the intersection intersection

Active Optical Network (AON)Active Optical Network (AON)

Star Network capable of multicastingStar Network capable of multicasting

Having multiple splitters housed in the Having multiple splitters housed in the same cabinetsame cabinet

Rely on some electrically powered Rely on some electrically powered Rely on some electrically powered Rely on some electrically powered equipment to distribute the signalequipment to distribute the signal

Switch, router or multiplexerSwitch, router or multiplexer

Each signal leaving the central office is Each signal leaving the central office is directed only to the customer for which directed only to the customer for which it is intendedit is intended

AONAONAvoid colliding at the Avoid colliding at the

intersection intersection

The powered equipment The powered equipment The powered equipment The powered equipment

provides buffering provides buffering

Common type of AONCommon type of AON

EMF EMF –– Ethernet in the First MileEthernet in the First Mile

Uses optical Ethernet switches to Uses optical Ethernet switches to

distribute the signaldistribute the signal

Each switching cabinet can handle Each switching cabinet can handle

1000 customer, 4001000 customer, 400--500 is more 500 is more

typicaltypical

Capable up to 100 MbsCapable up to 100 Mbs

Single-mode Star/Tree Couplers

Multi-mode Star/Tree Couplers