english grammar stories and exercisespast participle to form the present perfect, we use the past...

English Grammar Stories and Exercises The Perfect Tenses Series Present Perfect

By Really Learn English

English Grammar Stories and Exercises The Perfect Tenses

Past Perfect Published by Really Learn English

www.really-learn-english.com

Copyright © 2014 Ola Zur. All rights reserved.

No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, by any means,

without written permission.

Ola Zur has made her best effort to produce a high quality, informative and helpful book.

But she makes no representation or warranties of any kind with regard to the completeness or accuracy of the contents of the book.

She accepts no liability of any kind for any losses or damages caused or alleged to be caused, directly or indirectly, from using the information contained in this book.

ITEM3847520944

http://www.really-learn-english.com/

www.really-learn-english.com | Copyright © 2014 Ola Zur

Present Perfect Table of Contents

Present Perfect ............................................................................................... 5

Exercise 1 ........................................................................................................ 7

Present Perfect Rules Regular Verbs ............................................................... 8

Exercise 2 ...................................................................................................... 11

Special Spelling Rules for Adding “ed” .......................................................... 14

Exercise 3 ...................................................................................................... 19

Exercise 4 ...................................................................................................... 21

Irregular Verbs ............................................................................................ 25

Exercise 4 ..................................................................................................... 26

Present Perfect, Story 1 ................................................................................ 30Before Reading ............................................................................................. 30Have You Done Your Chores? ....................................................................... 32After Reading ................................................................................................ 33

Present Perfect, Story 2 ................................................................................ 40Before Reading ............................................................................................. 40Guessing ....................................................................................................... 42After Reading ................................................................................................ 43

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4 | English Grammar Stories and Exercises, Present Perfect


Present Perfect, Story 3 ................................................................................ 50 Before Reading ............................................................................................. 50 Mr. Disorganized ........................................................................................... 52 After Reading ................................................................................................ 53

Present Perfect, Story 4 ................................................................................ 60 Before Reading ............................................................................................. 60 An Amazing Trip ............................................................................................ 62 After Reading ................................................................................................ 63

Present Perfect, Story 5 ................................................................................ 70 Before Reading ............................................................................................. 70 Transportation Strike .................................................................................... 72 After Reading ................................................................................................ 73

English Grammar Stories and Exercises, Present Perfect | 5


Present Perfect The present perfect is a form of the verb that shows the action was completed before the present, and has some effect on the present.

We use it to describe:

• Actions that happened at an unspecified time before the present(Examples: “She has finished her homework.” -> Her homework is done now. “They have eaten all the ice cream!” -> The ice cream is gone now.)

• Actions that ended very recently(Examples: “I have just made some coffee.” -> The coffee is ready now. “He has already cleaned his room.” -> His room is clean now.)

• States that started in the past and are still going on(Examples: “We have lived here for three years.” -> We started living here three years ago, and we still live here. “I have always believed in you!” -> I believed in you in the past, and I still do.)

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Examples of typical time expressions:

• just• yet• already• for three years• for a long time• since 2005• since last year• always• ever• never

We use the words “ever” and “never” very often with the present perfect tense. They talk about experiences before the present.

We use “never” to say that we do not have a certain experience (that we never did a specific action).

We use “ever” to ask about experiences that someone had at any time in the past.

For example:

• I have never traveled on an airplane.• Have you ever played basketball?

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Exercise 1 A) Answer the following questions in your native language.

1. Think about something you have done in the past that has an effect on thepresent. It doesn’t matter when you did it. What have you done?

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

2. Think about a state (like be, live, or believe) that you started in the past andis still going on. What have you done and for how long?

_____________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

When you want to talk about these sorts of things in English, you can use the present perfect form of the verb.

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Present Perfect Rules Regular Verbs

Positive Sentences Who? Form of verb Examples

I/You/We/They have past participle

I have worked. He/She/It has He has worked.

Negative Sentences

Who? Form of verb Examples

I/You/We/They have not past participle

We have not worked.

He/She/It has not She has not worked.

Question Sentences


Have I/you/we/they past participle

Have they worked? Has he/she/it Has she worked?

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Past Participle To form the present perfect, we use the past participle of the verb.

A participle is a form of the verb that is used together with another verb to form a certain tense. For the present perfect, that other verb is has/have.

For regular verbs in English, the past participle ends in ed and looks just like the simple past form of the verbs.

Base Form Past Participle

work => work + ed => worked call => call + ed => called

walk => walk + ed => walked

Contractions

You will also see and hear that native speakers often use contractions (short forms) in the present perfect. We do this by combining the subject pronoun (I, you, he, she, we, or they) with “have” or “has.”

I have => I’ve He has => He’s She has => She’s

It has => It’s You have => You’ve We have => We’ve

They have => They’ve

When we use the negative in the present perfect, we use “have/has” and “not.” Native speakers usually make contractions for these negatives, too.

have not => haven’t has not => hasn’t RANDOM P

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D) Turn these sentences into negative sentences and questions.

1. They have talked about the problem.

Negative:

________________________________________________________________

Question:

________________________________________________________________

2. Paula has printed the pictures.

Negative:

________________________________________________________________

Question:

________________________________________________________________

3. The kids have walked to school before.

Negative:

________________________________________________________________

Question:

________________________________________________________________

4. You have worked on lots of different projects.

Negative:

________________________________________________________________

Question:

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Exercise 4 A) Change the following verbs into the past participle form (irregular verbsonly).

have __________ find __________ do __________

know __________ feel __________ go __________

think __________ leave __________ buy __________

get __________ be __________ let __________

put __________ tell __________ come __________

make __________ say __________ take __________

see __________ give __________ ride __________

B) Fill in the correct form of the verb in the past participle.

1. I have ____________ (make) some sandwiches.

2. She has ____________ (leave) early.

3. We have ____________ (come) to see the exhibit about dinosaurs.

4. Melanie has already ____________ (say) too much.

5. They have _________ (take) some time off from work.

6. The kids have already _________ (see) that movie.

7. He has _________ (buy) a new car.

8. He has _________ (get) mad at Kelly before.

9. They have finally _________ (find) the missing documents.

10. She has _________ (feel) sick all weekend.

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Present Perfect, Story 4

Before Reading A) Look at the title of the story and the picture. What do you think this storyis about?

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

B) Match the words in column A to the words in column B. (There can bemore than one correct answer.)

Column A Column B

mix her spoon

enjoy things

put afraid

do coffee

drop back

become on the counter

go a trip

make time off

be friends

take interested

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Column A Column B

heat up over

tell to

invite about

learn coffee

think with

mix to

give about

be afraid in

interested correctly

work to

Column A Column B

kitchen of coffee

cup mood

scuba changes

amazing experience

good counter

for of

big dive

lots off

a great one thing

a day things

C) After these exercises, what do you think this story is about?

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

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An Amazing Trip Pam has just arrived home after a long vacation. She has invited her friend, Nancy, over for coffee. She is telling her all about the vacation.

“I have been to the most beautiful island,” Pam explains as she heats up the coffee. “It was incredible!”

“That is wonderful,” Nancy says. “Have you enjoyed the trip, then? I hope it was relaxing.” She takes the cup of coffee from Pam and puts it on the kitchen counter.

“I cannot stop thinking about it! I have done so many amazing things!” Pam replies. She gives Nancy a spoon.

“Wow, the trip has really put you in a good mood!” Nancy says, mixing her coffee with the spoon. “Tell me more about it.”

“Well, for one thing, I have learned to scuba dive!” Pam announces.

Nancy drops her spoon in surprise. “Really? But you have always been afraid to swim!”

“I guess I have stopped being afraid,” Pam replies, laughing.

“That is great,” Nancy says. “Well, what else have you learned?”

“Oh, that is all,” Pam answers. “But I have become interested in dancing, and I have made lots of friends!”

“Dancing? You have never danced before!” Nancy thinks maybe her ears are not working correctly. “This trip has made some big changes in your life!”

“Yes, it has been a great experience,” Pam answers.

“I am really happy for you,” Nancy says. “So, now that you have had your amazing vacation, will you go back to work on Monday?”

“Oh, no!” Pam replies. “I have had lots of fun, but I am tired! I have taken some more days off from work. I need a vacation from my vacation!” RANDOM P

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After Reading Grammar—Correct Form of the Verb

A) This is a copy of the original story. Go over it and fill in the blanks with the right form of every verb.

Pam _________________________ (just arrive) home after a long vacation.

She ____________________ (invite) her friend, Nancy, over for coffee. She is

telling her all about the vacation.

“I ____________________ (be) to the most beautiful island,” Pam explains as

she heats up the coffee. “It was incredible!”

“That is wonderful,” Nancy says. “_________________________ (you enjoy)

the trip, then? I hope it was relaxing.” She takes the cup of coffee from Pam

and puts it on the kitchen counter.

“I cannot stop thinking about it! I ____________________ (do) so many

amazing things!” Pam replies. She gives Nancy a spoon.

“Wow, the trip __________________________ (really put) you in a good

mood!” Nancy says, mixing her coffee with the spoon. “Tell me more about it.”

“Well, for one thing, I ____________________ (learn) to scuba dive!” Pam

announces.

Nancy drops her spoon in surprise. “Really? But you

__________________________ (always be) afraid to swim!”

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“I guess I ____________________ (stop) being afraid,” Pam replies, laughing.

“That is great,” Nancy says. “Well, what else ________________________ (you

learn)?”

“Oh, that is all,” Pam answers. “But I ____________________ (become)

interested in dancing, and I ____________________ (make) lots of friends!”

“Dancing? You _________________________ (never dance) before!” Nancy

thinks maybe her ears aren’t working correctly. “This trip

____________________ (make) some big changes in your life!”

“Yes, it ____________________ (be) a great experience,” Pam answers.

“I am really happy for you,” Nancy says. “So, now that you

____________________ (have) your amazing vacation, will you go back to

work on Monday?”

“Oh, no!” Pam replies. “I ____________________ (have) lots of fun, but I am

tired! I ____________________ (take) some more days off from work. I need a

vacation from my vacation!”

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Vocabulary—Find the Right Word

B) Read the description and write down what it is. Use the box below forhelp.

coffee island spoon counter mood scuba diving ears work vacation cup

1. It is a flat surface in the kitchen where you can prepare food.

What is it? ____________

2. It is a trip you take to relax. What is it? ____________

3. It is the way you feel. What is it? ____________

4. You drink something from it. What is it? ____________

5. It is an activity that lets you swim under the water for a long time.

What is it? ____________

6. It is something we do to earn money. What is it? ____________

7. You use them to listen. What are they? ____________

8. It is a strong drink that makes you feel more awake.

What is it? ____________

9. It is a small piece of land in the middle of the ocean.

What is it? ____________

10. You use it to eat soup and other foods. What is it? ____________RANDOM PAGES S

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Grammar—Sentence Structure

C) The following sentences are all mixed up. Put the words on each line in thecorrect order to make a logical sentence.

1. beautiful I have to island the been most.

________________________________________________________________

2. done so I have many things amazing.

________________________________________________________________

3. before You danced have never!

________________________________________________________________

Grammar—Questions, Negative Sentences, and Positive Sentences

D) Turn the following sentences into questions.

1. I have made lots of friends.

________________________________________________________________

2. The trip has really put you in a good mood.

________________________________________________________________

3. It has been a great experience.

________________________________________________________________

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E) Turn the following sentences into negative sentences.

1. I have become interested in dancing.

________________________________________________________________

2. You have had an amazing vacation.

________________________________________________________________

3. I have taken some more days off work.

________________________________________________________________

F) Turn the following sentences into positive sentences.

1. Have you enjoyed the trip?

________________________________________________________________

2. You have not danced before.

________________________________________________________________

3. Have you learned other things?

________________________________________________________________

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Comprehension G) Answer the following questions.

1. Where has Pam traveled?

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

2. What has she learned?

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

3. What has Nancy asked her?

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

4. What has Pam done so that she can relax now?

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

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Essay Writing H) Answer the following questions. Write a short essay for each.

1. Pam has had a fantastic vacation and learned lots of new things. Have youhad an experience that changed your life? What has happened?

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

2. Pam has just had the best vacation ever! Have you ever had a reallyamazing vacation? Where have you traveled in your life?

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

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English Grammar Stories and Exercises The Perfect Tenses Series

Past Perfect


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Past Perfect Table of Contents

Past Perfect .................................................................................................... 5

Exercise 1 ........................................................................................................ 8

Past Perfect Rules ........................................................................................... 9

Exercise 2 ...................................................................................................... 12

Simple Past and Past Perfect ........................................................................ 15


Exercise 3 ...................................................................................................... 24

Exercise 4 ...................................................................................................... 26

Irregular Verbs ............................................................................................ 30

Exercise 4 ..................................................................................................... 31

Past Perfect, Story 1 ...................................................................................... 35Before Reading ............................................................................................. 35The Big Meeting ............................................................................................ 37After Reading ................................................................................................ 38

Past Perfect, Story 2 ...................................................................................... 45Before Reading ............................................................................................. 45A Terrible Night ............................................................................................. 47After Reading ................................................................................................ 48

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4 | English Grammar Stories and Exercises, Past Perfect


Past Perfect, Story 3 ...................................................................................... 55

Before Reading ............................................................................................. 55

Happy Birthday! ............................................................................................ 57

After Reading ................................................................................................ 59


Before Reading ............................................................................................. 66

Take Me Dancing .......................................................................................... 68

After Reading ................................................................................................ 69


Before Reading ............................................................................................. 76

On the Way to Class ...................................................................................... 78

After Reading ................................................................................................ 79

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English Grammar Stories and Exercises The Perfect Tenses Series Future Perfect


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Future Perfect Table of Contents

Future Perfect ................................................................................................. 5

Exercise 1 ........................................................................................................ 7

Future Perfect Rules ....................................................................................... 8

Exercise 2 ...................................................................................................... 11


Exercise 3 ...................................................................................................... 19

Exercise 4 ...................................................................................................... 21

Irregular Verbs .............................................................................................. 25

Exercise 5 ...................................................................................................... 26

Future Perfect, Story 1 .................................................................................. 31Before Reading ............................................................................................. 31A Busy Schedule ............................................................................................ 33After Reading ................................................................................................ 34

Future Perfect, Story 2 .................................................................................. 41Before Reading ............................................................................................. 41A Tropical Vacation ....................................................................................... 43After Reading ................................................................................................ 44

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4 | English Grammar Stories and Exercises, Future Perfect


Future Perfect, Story 3 .................................................................................. 51

Before Reading ............................................................................................. 51

Dancing All Night........................................................................................... 53

After Reading ................................................................................................ 54


Before Reading ............................................................................................. 61

Rushing to the Wedding ................................................................................ 63

After Reading ................................................................................................ 64


Before Reading ............................................................................................. 71

A Saturday Picnic .......................................................................................... 73

After Reading ................................................................................................ 74

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English Grammar Stories and Exercises, Future Perfect | 53


Future Perfect, Story 3

Dancing All Night Two students, Dan and Ryan, have decided to go out dancing on Friday night. They have done so much work during the past couple of weeks! They are in the final week of the semester.

But, by Friday, they will have finished all their final projects! They really want to celebrate. So, they will go out dancing and try to meet some fun people.

“After a few minutes listening to the music and looking at all the other people, we will have forgotten about all this hard work,” Dan says, closing his notebook and putting down his pencil.

“For sure,” Ryan agrees. “We will have left all that stress behind!”

“Will we have made some new friends by the time we go home?” Dan asks. “I feel like we have not done anything fun in weeks!”

“It is true that we really only see our classmates,” Ryan admits. “We will not have had time to learn much about the new people we dance with, but I am sure we will have met some nice people. And that is how you make new friends, right?”

“Maybe we will even meet some nice girls,” Dan says. “I will feel very confident, you know?”

“Why is that?” Ryan asks.

“Well, partially because I will have finished a very difficult semester and I will need to unwind…” Dan replies. “But mainly because I will have put on my lucky bowtie before we go out!”

“Your lucky bowtie?” Ryan exclaims. “But maybe after just a few songs, you will have gotten tired of dancing!”

“No way! I will not have gotten tired after just a few of songs. I will have lots of energy. Remember, I will have worn my lucky bowtie!” Dan explains.

“Well, your lucky bowtie may help you with your energy,” Ryan says, “but after about five minutes, it will have scared away all the girls!”

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Perfect Tenses Mixed


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The Perfect Tenses Mixed Table of Contents

Present Perfect Rules ...................................................................................... 5

Contractions with Have and Have Not ............................................................ 6

Past Perfect Rules ........................................................................................... 7

Contractions with Had and Had Not ................................................................ 8

Future Perfect Rules ....................................................................................... 9

Contractions with Will Have and Will Have Not ............................................ 10


Perfect Tenses Mixed, Story 1 ....................................................................... 13Before Reading ............................................................................................. 13The World Traveler ....................................................................................... 15After Reading ................................................................................................ 17

Perfect Tenses Mixed, Story 2 ....................................................................... 24Before Reading ............................................................................................. 243, 2, 1… Liftoff ............................................................................................... 26After Reading ................................................................................................ 27

Perfect Tenses Mixed, Story 3 ....................................................................... 34Before Reading ............................................................................................. 34Swimming on the Reef .................................................................................. 36After Reading ................................................................................................ 37

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Perfect Tenses Mixed, Story 4 ....................................................................... 44Before Reading ............................................................................................. 44The Practical Joker ........................................................................................ 46After Reading ................................................................................................ 48

Perfect Tenses Mixed, Story 5 ....................................................................... 55Before Reading ............................................................................................. 55The Crazy Work Week ................................................................................... 57After Reading ................................................................................................ 58

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26 | English Grammar Stories and Exercises, Perfect Tenses Mixed


Perfect Tenses Mixed, Story 2

3, 2, 1… Liftoff Brian is an astronaut. In just a few minutes, he will lift off in a spaceship! He will spend three months in outer space doing research.

Brian has had lots of training and preparation. He has even learned to move in places where there is no gravity! He has practiced moving around the spaceship and he has studied about physics and math so that he can do his research. In fact, he had studied physics at university before he started his astronaut training.

Brian has always wanted to be an astronaut. When he was six years old, after his teacher had asked

him what he wanted to be when he grew up, Brian wrote a story about being the best astronaut ever.

Now, after many years, Brian has become an astronaut! He is about to go on his first trip to outer space. After his three-month mission, he will have gotten lots of information about space. He will have helped scientists back on Earth learn about different planets and stars.

Brian is already in the seat of the spaceship, waiting for liftoff! He is talking to a technician at the Command Center by radio. But suddenly he realizes he has made a big mistake… “Oh no!” he exclaims.

“Brian, what has happened? Have you found a problem in the systems on the ship?” the technician asks.

“No,” Brian replies. “I have not seen any problems with the systems on the ship. That is not it.”

“Well, have you found a problem with the fuel supplies?”

“No,” Brian replies. “I have not seen any problems with the fuel supplies. That is not it, either.”

“Then have we missed anything important? Your oxygen supply maybe?”

“Almost as bad!” Brian exclaims. “I have just realized that I have not packed my favorite pajamas! We need to stop the liftoff!”

“Well, obviously we cannot do that…” the technician replies, a little angry.

Brian sighs. It will be a long three months in space without his pajamas!

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Present Perfect Answers


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Your Turn Add “ed” to the following verbs.

study studied play played dance danced

cry cried enjoy enjoyed smile smiled

try tried stay stayed love loved

Your Turn Add “ed” to the following verbs.

plan planned happen happened tip tipped

stop stopped open opened offer offered

commit committed visit visited pat patted

admit admitted mix mixed refer referred

prefer preferred fix fixed deposit deposited

listen listened follow followed hug hugged

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Grammar—Sentence Structure

C) The following sentences are all mixed up. Put the words on each line in thecorrect order to make a logical sentence.

1. done I amazing have really something.

I have done something really amazing.

2. ideas had such You amazing have!

You have had such amazing ideas!

3. now I of gotten have guessing for bored.

I have gotten bored of guessing for now.

Grammar—Questions, Negative Sentences, and Positive Sentences

D) Turn the following sentences into questions.

1. I have forgotten what I wanted to tell you.

Have I forgotten what I wanted to tell you?

2. You have moved to a new house.

Have you moved to a new house?

3. You have adopted an exotic pet.

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2. What does Alex think Paul has done?

He thinks he has moved to a new house. He thinks he has seen a ghost. He thinks he has adopted a really exotic pet.

3. How has Paul reacted to his ideas?

Paul has been very interested in his ideas. He has felt very excited about them.

4. What does Paul say he has done at the end of the story?

He says he has forgotten what he wanted to tell Alex.

Essay Writing H) Answer the following questions. Write a short essay for each.

1. Paul likes his friend’s ideas so much that he forgets what he has really done!It is a mystery for us. What do you think he has done?

Answers will vary.

2. It is nice to tell our friends about interesting or exciting things that we havedone. What have you done recently that you want to tell your best friend about?

Answers will vary.

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Copyright © 2014 Ola Zur | www.really-learn-english.com | Page 1

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By Really Learn English RANDOM PAGES S

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Copyright Practice Speaking English

with English Grammar Dialogues 20 Simple Dialogues in the Perfect Tenses

Published by Really Learn English www.really-learn-english.com

Copyright © 2014 Ola Zur. All rights reserved.

No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, by any means,

without written permission.

Ola Zur has made her best effort to produce a high quality, informative and helpful book.

But she makes no representation or warranties of any kind with regard to the completeness or accuracy of the contents of the book.

She accepts no liability of any kind for any losses or damages caused or alleged to be caused, directly or indirectly,

from using the information contained in this book.

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http://www.really-learn-english.com/


Table of Contents

How to Use the Dialogues ....................................................................................4

Present PerfectPresent Perfect, Dialogue 1 ....................................................................................... 5

Description: Mary and her daughter, Samantha, are at the beach. ...................... 5

Present Perfect, Dialogue 2 ....................................................................................... 7 Description: Two students, Larry and Stephanie, are working on a project together at the university. ............................................ 7

Present Perfect, Dialogue 3 ....................................................................................... 9 Description: Helen and Irene, two friends, are talking .......................................... 9

Present Perfect, Dialogue 4 ..................................................................................... 11 Description: Two brothers, Jared and Andrew, are talking about Jared’s recent promotion. ....................................................... 11

Present Perfect, Dialogue 5 ..................................................................................... 13 Description: Liz, a wedding planner, is talking to her assistant, Michael. ........... 13

Past PerfectPast Perfect, Dialogue 1 ........................................................................................... 15

Description: Tina is talking to her daughter, Wendy, about university. .............. 15

Past Perfect, Dialogue 2 ........................................................................................... 17 Description: Richard is talking to his son, Dan, who is about to become a father for the first time ............................................. 17

Past Perfect, Dialogue 3 ........................................................................................... 19 Description: Two friends, Teresa and Lisa, are at the mall shopping for a very specific item ................................................ 19

Past Perfect, Dialogue 4 ........................................................................................... 21 Description: Two old friends, Amanda and Crystal, meet by chance in heir home town. .................................................................... 21

Past Perfect, Dialogue 5 ........................................................................................... 23 Description: Two actors, Liam and Gregory, are talking before they go on stage. .................................................................... 23

Future PerfectFuture Perfect, Dialogue 1....................................................................................... 25

Description: Two professional chefs, Terry and William, are talking about tonight’s big dinner. ................................................................ 25

Future Perfect, Dialogue 2....................................................................................... 27 Description: Claire is talking to her brother, Doug, about the new puppy she has adopted. ............................................................. 27

Future Perfect, Dialogue 3....................................................................................... 29 Description: Chris and Patricia, a couple, are getting ready to go to a special company dinner party. ............................... 29

Future Perfect, Dialogue 4....................................................................................... 31 Description: Jill is planning a camping trip for her son, Jacob, and some of his friends. ...................................................................................... 31

Future Perfect, Dialogue 5....................................................................................... 33 Description: Two roommates, Beth and Rachel, are doing the shopping. ........ 33

Perfect Tenses Mixed, Dialogue 1 ........................................................................... 35 Description: Melanie and Daniel, a married couple, are cleaning their apartment. ............................................................................. 35

Perfect Tenses Mixed, Dialogue 2 ........................................................................... 37 Description: Judy and Frank, two friends, are training for a marathon. ............ 37

Perfect Tenses Mixed, Dialogue 3 ........................................................................... 39 Description: Ms. Pierce, a teacher, is talking with her student, Allison ............. 39

Perfect Tenses Mixed, Dialogue 4 ........................................................................... 41 Description: Eric, a taxi driver, is talking to Susan, a tourist in his city. .............. 41

Perfect Tenses Mixed, Dialogue 5 ........................................................................... 43 Description: Don, a professional carpenter, is talking to his client, Aaron. ........ 43

Present Perfect Rules .............................................................................................. 45 Past Perfect Rules .................................................................................................... 45 Future Perfect Rules ................................................................................................ 46 Contractions Table .................................................................................................. 46

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How to Use the Dialogues Use the dialogues to practice the perfect tenses and speaking English.

It is important to read the dialogues aloud.

The special thing about these dialogues is that they only use one main tense per dialogue. Moreover, there are five dialogues for every tense. That way, the student can practice each tense to perfection.

There are several ways to use the dialogues:

• In a private lesson, the teacher and student read the dialoguetogether. The teacher reads the lines of the first character and the student reads the lines of the second character. Then they switch and re-read the dialogue. Now the student reads the lines of the first character, and the teacher reads the lines of the second character.

• With more than one student, divide the students into pairs.Student A reads the lines of the first character and Student B reads the lines of the second character. Then they switch and re-read that dialogue. Now Student A reads the lines of the second character and Student B reads the lines of the first character.

• After reading, encourage a conversation on the topic and usingthe same tense.

Since contractions are very common in spoken English, the dialogues have many contractions. Refer to the contraction table at the end of this book to see all contractions and their full forms.

IMPORTANT: To get the most out of these materials, make sure the students understand all the words used. Do not let them guess words from context. If the students encounter a new or unclear word, explain to them what it means or have them use the dictionary. For more on this, read the article Building Vocabulary and Some Common Mistakes.

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Present Perfect, Dialogue 3 Description: Helen and Irene, two friends, are talking.

Helen: Oh, I’m so glad you’ve finally arrived, Irene!

Irene: It’s good to see you, too! But why do you look so excited? Has something happened?

Helen: Actually, yes! I’ve recently gotten some wonderful news and I wanted to tell you about it right away.

Irene: Well, go ahead, then! What’s happened?

Helen: I’ve won an art competition! My paintings have been selected for an exposition at a very important gallery.

Irene: That’s so exciting! I’m really happy for you. But why haven’t you said anything about it before? I didn’t know that you participated in any competitions.

Helen: Well, I have actually participated in several. I’ve sent paintings to different competitions here in the city, but I haven’t won any of them before. I don’t like to say anything until I am sure.

Irene: Well, I guess that makes sense. So what have they told you about your big exposition?

Helen: Well, they have shown me the gallery where they will hang all the paintings. It’s really beautiful. They’ve said that I can plan a reception if I want to.

Irene: That sounds like fun! Have you made any plans yet?

Helen: Well, that’s actually another reason why I wanted to talk to you. Since you work with big events at your job, I wonder if maybe you could help me. Have you ever planned an art reception before?

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Irene: Hmm, well, no. But I have organized lots of dinners and cocktail parties. That’s a big part of my job with the event and party planning service.

Helen: Do you think you will have time to help me?

Irene: Of course! This will be so fun! What have they said about the gallery space?

Helen: Well, they’ve already planned where each painting will be, but they haven’t made any plans for food or drinks.

Irene: Have they brought in any tables or chairs?

Helen: No, they have decided to leave the space open so that people can walk around and look at all my paintings.

Irene: Yes, that’s really much better. But have they set up a space to put a table with some elegant snack food and maybe some beverages?

Helen: No, but they’ve told me that they have a table like that if I want to use it. I haven’t confirmed anything with them yet.

Irene: I think we should use that table. I’ve made lots of contacts from work, so we’ll call some good caterers.

Helen: That sounds great! Oh, but Irene, I haven’t decided how much I will be able to pay for the food. The gallery has said that they will only give me a little money for it. Will it be very expensive?

Irene: Don’t worry about that. The caterers know me, and they will give me a very good price. I’ll find you a really good deal. I’m very proud of you for winning this contest. Congratulations!

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Future Perfect Rules Who? Form of verb Examples

I/You/We/TheyHe/She/It will have past participle They will have played.


I/You/We/TheyHe/She/It will not have past participle I will not have played.


Had I/you/we/theyhe/she/it

past participle

Will he have called?

Contractions Table Full Form Contraction

I have I’ve He has He’s She has She’s It has It’s

You have You’ve We have We’ve

They have They’ve I had I’d

He had He’d She had She’d It had It’d

We had We’d They had They’d I will have I’ll have

He will have He’ll have She will have She’ll have It will have It’ll have

You will have You’ll have We will have We’ll have

They will have They’ll have Have not Haven’t Has not Hasn’t Had not Hadn’t

Will not have Won’t have

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english grammar stories and exercisespast participle to form the present perfect, we use the past...

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