English Colonies

I. French & Indian War

A. Albany Plan of Union (Ben Franklin)1. Military cooperation of colonies

a. Raise $ (Taxes)

b. Raise Militia

2. Failed

a. Colonies too independent

B. William Pitt Takes Charge After Capture of Fort William Henry

1. Raise taxes

2. Increase military

3. Choose “good” men

4. Good strategist

I. Treaty of Paris (1763)A. Britain Doubles Empire

1. Canada (New France)2. Ohio Valley3. French lands east of Mississippi River

B. France1. Keep New Orleans, Caribbean Islands

C. Spain1. Keep Louisiana Territory

a. Given them by the French for military aid.

2. Gave Florida to British

I. New Colonial Policy

A. New Problems1. War debt

2. Defense of new territory

3. How to govern new territory

I. Tax Colonies to Pay Debt?

A. War benefited who?1. Britain

a. Protect trade

b. Provide protection

2. Colonies

a. Supply resources

b. Purchase goods

I. Defending Ohio ValleyA. Pontiac’s Rebellion

1. Ottawa chief

2. Attacked forts

3. Cost in $ and lives

B. Proclamation of 17631. Stop further settlement

2. Anger colonists

Change Colonial Policy – Prime Minister George

Grenville

Colonial Acts

I. Navigation Act (1651)A. Four Provisions

1. Only use English ships

2. Products must be sold only to England

3. Imports from other countries must pass through English ports

4. Tax on goods not shipped to England

B. “Healthy Neglect”

I. Sugar Act (1764)

A. Force payment of tax on molasses

B. Customs collectors1. “Snoops & Spies”

a. Search ships, warehouses

b. No warning

I. Quartering Act (1765)

A. Pay for soldiers room & board

I. Stamp Act (1765)A. Direct tax on “everyday” goods

1. Playing cards, newspapers, legal documents

B. Colonists respond 1. “no taxation without representation”2. Protest

a. Sons of Libertyb. March in the streetsc. Ministers give sermonsd. Boycott – refuse to purchase goods

I. Stamp Act Congress

1. Delegates from 9 colonies

2. Declaration to King1. Loyal, but law is unjust.

2. Declaratory Act

a. Britain repeals the Stamp Act

V. Townshend Act (1767)A. Tax on paint, lead, tea, paper

1. Made in Britaina. Tax used to pay British officials in

colonies

b. Sons of Liberty protesti. Sign petitions

ii. Women boycott tea, cloth

iii.Spinning Clubs

a. Homespun cloth worn as a symbol of protest

VI. Writs of Assistance

A. Enter any place to search for smuggled goods

1. Smuggle goods to avoid taxes

I. Search for Solutions

A. Want to stay loyal1. Samuel Adams leads protest

2. Send letters “respect colonial rights”

3. Letters published in newspapers

4. Political cartoons

I. Boston Massacre – March 5, 1770

A. Britain stationed to keep order1. Marching drills

a. Mocked by the crowds

B. Surrounded by angry crowd1. Pelted with snowballs

2. Someone shouted “fire”

3. Five colonists killed a. Crispus Attucks was

first to fall

C.Britain repeals Townshend Act1. Keep tax on tea

III. Committees of Correspondence (1772)

A. Formed by Samuel Adams1. Report political events

2. Spread from Massachusetts to all the colonies

a. A sign of unity & cooperation

IV. Tea Act (1773)

A. British East India Company (BEIC)

1. $ troubles due to boycotts

2. Warehouse full, can’t sell

B. Tea Act says BEIC can sell direct to colonists w/out import tax

C. Colonists Upset1. Why?

a. BEIC can offer the lowest price

b. Monopolyi. Drive out the competition

c. Members of British Parliament own BEIC stock – get rich!

V. Boston Tea PartyA. Ship arrives w/342 chests of tea

1. Colonists want to refuse entrance2. Gov. Hutchinson orders British

patrol boats to aim cannons at Boston shore

3. “Indians” boarded ships and dumped the tea overboard!

VI. Coercive Acts (1774) – Intolerable Acts

A. Punish for “Tea Party”1. Closed Boston ports

a. Blockade until tea is paid for

2. Banned “committees of correspondence

3. House troops wherever necessary

4. British officials charged w/crime>tried in Britain

VII. First Continental Congress – September 1774 – Philadelphia

A. Every colony represented except Georgia

B. Declaration of Rights1. Oppose Intolerable Acts by force if

needed

2. Arm and train militia

3. Boycott trade with Britian

4. No taxation w/out representation

5. Loyal to King George III

6. Meet again May 1775

C. King replies1. Mass. in “state of rebellion”

2. British troops sent to Mass.

3. Orders in Spring 1775a. Troops to go to Lexington to arrest John

Hancock and Samuel Adams

b. Then to Concord to seize ammunition stores

i. Paul Revere & William Dawes spread the news

VIII. Lexington & Concord–April 19, 1775

A. Militia ready when British arrive at Lexington

1. “Shot heard ‘round the world”a. No one knows who fired first

b. 8 colonists killed

2. Marched on to Concord & destroyed military supplies

3. Greeted by 4000 militiaa. British lost 234 men

b. Colonist lost 95

IX. Second Continental Congress – May 1775

A. All colonies represented1. Appoint commander

2. Raise army

3. “Olive Branch”a. Want to stay loyal

b. Remove Intolerable Acts & troops

X. Making a Choice

A. “Common Sense” by Thomas Paine – January 1776)

1. Independence

2. King is a tyrant

B. Helped persuade colonist

to fight!