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English Civil War (1642-1647)1Reasons for the English Civil WarIn 1603, Elizabeth died. She never married, so there were no heirs to continue the Tudor DynastyMary Stuarts son James I became the King of England started Stuart Dynasty in England

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3Reasons for the English Civil WarQueen Elizabeth recognized the importance of working with ParliamentJames I did not; believed he should be absolute monarch because of Divine Right (God chooses royal families to rule); James I did not listen to ParliamentMajor problems between Parliament & King over issues of Authority, Money, & Religion4Problems between the King and ParliamentAuthorityJames I believed in divine right and absolutism; Parliament felt king should be limited by ParliamentMoneyJames I has to ask Parliament for money to finance government and life style

5What is divine right?A) King has power to rule from people.B) King has the power to rule from Congress.C) King has power to rule from Parliament.D) King has power to rule from God.6Problems between the King and ParliamentReligionPuritans were members of the Anglican Church who wanted all Catholic rituals removed; Puritans were active members of Parliament & were angered when James I arranged marriage of son (Charles) to a Catholic princess

7Reasons for the English Civil WarWhen James I died in 1625, his son Charles I became kingCharles was worse than James:Charles believed in divine right & absolute monarchy; refused to discuss ideas with Parliamentonly called Parliament when he needed money

8Reasons for the English Civil WarParliament got fed up with Charles I & refused to give him money unless signed Petition of Rights in 1628:King could not jail people without a good reasonKing could not make taxes without Parliament's approvalKing could not keep his soldiers in peoples homes & could not use army to maintain order during peacetime

9Civil WarCharles I was really mad at Parliament & refused to call another Parliament for 11 years until he needed money to end revolts in Ireland & ScotlandConflict between supporters of King (Royalists/Cavaliers) & Parliament grew so bad that a civil war was inevitable

10Civil WarWar between Cavaliers (Royalists) vs Roundheads (supporters of Parliament) lasted for 5 yearsRoundheads found a strong leader in Oliver Cromwell; Cromwell and Roundheads won & beheaded the king (1st public execution of a king)11

12Do you think the Charles I should have been executed?Strongly agreeSomewhat agreeSomewhat disagreeStrongly disagree13After the Civil WarAfter the Civil War, a Commonwealth was createdtype of government with no king & ruled by ParliamentOliver Cromwell led the Commonwealth, but did not use democracy he became a military dictator

14New CommonwealthLife in the Commonwealth was harsh because it was led by Cromwell & the Puritans; Forced strict religious rules on people of England:It was illegal to go to theaters & sporting events; merrymaking & amusement were illegalCitizens hated living this way & began to want to bring back a king again

15The Restoration (1660)

16RestorationPeople grew tired of the severe, religious rule of Oliver Cromwell & the Puritans; many wanted a king againIn 1660, Charles Is son became King of EnglandCharles II was called the Merry Monarch because he brought back theatres, sporting events, dancing & he got along with Parliament!!

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18RestorationCharles II learned from the lessons of his father & grandfather:Did not try to rule by Divine Right & did not threaten Parliaments authorityPassed Habeas Corpus Laweveryone guaranteed a trial after arrest; cannot be held in jail foreverAnglicanism was official religion, but treated Puritans & Catholics equally

19RestorationDuring the Restoration, Parliament strengthened the Church of Englandonly Anglicans could attend universities, serve in Parliament, be priests in Anglican Church Parliament created Constitutional Monarchy based on Magna Carta & Petition of Right (Guaranteed rights of people & limited king)20RestorationBUT, there were problems:Charles II needed more money than Parliament was willing to give; so he made a secret agreement with Louis XIV of France to convert to Catholicism in exchange for moneyCharles II had no children; when he died, his openly-Catholic brother James II will be king (Parliament's worst fear!!)21This is James II

22Glorious RevolutionJames ignoring Parliaments religious laws, James appointed Catholics to government and university positions.Parliament was worried the throne would go to James II son who was to be raised Catholic.Encouraged William of Orange (ruler of the Netherlands who was married to James II daughter Mary) to invade and take over.23Glorious Revolution (Cont)James II fled to France when he realized he had little support from England.This peaceful transfer of power was called the Glorious Revolution.24William and MaryWilliam and Mary swore an oath that they would govern the people of England.Parliament passed the Bill of Rights.This passage made it clear that Parliament was in control.25What is a constitutional monarchy?Form of government in which monarchs power is limited by the constitution.Form of government in which monarchs power is unlimited by the constitution.Form of government where Parliament is in control.Form of government where Parliament is not in control.26