ENGLISH – INTERLINGUAA basic vocabulary

B.C. SEXTON

Union Mundial pro Interlingua2019

Original edition: British Interlingua Society, 1979

This edition is a reprint of the original edition, except for a few printing errors

ISBN 978-2-36607-057-6

© 2019 Union Mundial pro Interlingua | www.interlingua.com

Tote derectos reservate. Iste texto es facite disponibile pro uso non-commercial solmente. Toteformas de re-vendita o re-distribution electronic o imprimite es prohibite sin permission inscripto. Nulle parte de iste publication pote esser reproducite, copiate, conservate in un sy-stema de cercar o transmittite in ulle forma o per ulle methodo: graphic, electronic, mechanic,photographic, registrate sur disco o cassetta, transferite a bases de datos o in altere manierasin permission in scripto. Es permittite citar in recensiones con indication del fonte.

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ENGLISH-INTERLINGUA: A BASIC VOCABULARYThis list has been issued to serve new users of Interlingua who need a basic English-Interlingua vocabulary. Although it has only just over 2000 entries, they represent the most frequently employed meanings of the most commonly used words, the corevocabulary of the English language. The Interlingua translations help beginners by deliberately omitting unwanted synonyms and are based on current usage both in Interlingua and its control languages.

Abbreviations and grammatical notes are kept to a minimum. When an English word has just one common meaning it appears in bold letters and its Inter-lingua equivalent in normal letters, e.g. aeroplane avion. If it has one meaning but we have given more than one possible Interlingua equivalent, these are separated bya comma, e.g. ugly fede, repulsive. If the Interlingua words are not in alphabetical order, the first is the more commonly used. If the English word has two or more different meanings, each with a separate Interlingua translation, they are separated by a semicolon and clues to the meanings, unless obviously superfluous, are given within curved brackets. An example is trunk (of tree) trunco; (= box) coffro.

Many English words are capable of use in more than one grammatical category. For instance, milk can be an attributive noun in milkman, a noun in a bottle of milk, and a verb in can I milk the cow? In this vocabulary such uses are separated by the semicolon and preceded by a grammatical abbreviation, in Italic: a means adjective or attributive noun, n means noun, v = verb, adv = adverb, conj = conjunction, int = interjection (=exclamation), prep = preposition and pron = pro-noun. Not all adverbs are given as so many of them can be made from adjectives by addition of the suffix -mente, e.g. since free is “libere”, then freely will be “libere-mente”. Verbs constitute a special case as some are transitive (marked vt), others intransitive (marked vi) or can be either (marked vt/vi). The categories are not marked if the English and the Interlingua verbs are both transitive or both intransi-tive. A few examples will clarify the method. There is no mark for happen because happen and its Interlingua equivalent “evenir” are both intransitive (= do not take an object): you cannot “happen” anything: Similarly kick has no mark because both it and “calcar” always take an object and are therefore transitive. Then look at grow.If you feed a boy he will grow (intransitive = crescer); roses grow (intransitive = vegetar); but to grow carrots uses grow in a transitive sense (object: carrots) and the translation for this is “cultivar”. Often, when an English verb can be used either transitively or intransitively, Interlingua uses the reflexive for the English intransitive. This is indicated in the vocabulary by se in curved brackets, e.g. melt funder (se). This simply means the same as meet vt funder; vi funder se, so that wemelt the wax is “nos funde le cera”, but the wax melts is “le cera se funde”. Simi-larly, Tom meets Dick = “Tom incontra Dick”, but Tom and Dick meet = “Tom e Dick se incontra”.

Care should be taken to distinguish the English word used as adverb, con-junction and preposition. Adverbs answer the question how, where, and when; con-junctions link phrases, and prepositions govern nouns and pronouns. For instance, he came before uses before as an adverb (translate using antea). He stands before me uses it as a preposition (translate by ante) and He died before I was born uses it as a conjunction (translate ante que).

In sub-headings the main English word is not repeated but replaced with a ~. An asterisk indicates a word not included in the Interlingua-English Dictionary

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but correctly extracted from the control languages by the official rules for the forma-tion of vocabulary. Feminine designations ending in “-a” are omitted, as they can be formed by substitution from the masculine and general forms ending in “-o”, e.g. “italiano/italiana”.

B. C. Sexton, Sheffield 6/78

ABBREVIATIONSa adjective; attributive

nounadv adverbanat anatomyarith arithmeticbiol biologycom commerceelec electricitatef femalefig figurativefin financegen generalgeog geographicalhist historyindust industryint interjectionjur juridical

m malemed medicinemil militarymus musicn nounparl parliamentprep prepositionspron pronouncerel religionrly railwaystheat theatrev verbvi intransitive verbvt transitive verbvt/vi verb used both

transitively andintransitively

MEASUREMENTS (Note that in Interlingua the comma takes the place of the decimal point)

acre 0,405 hectaresfoot 0,3048 metrosgallon 4,546 litros; (U.S.) 3,785 litroshorse power 0,750 kilowattshundredweight 50,8 kilogrammas; (U.S.) 45,36 kilogrammasinch 25,4 millimetrosmile 1,609 kilometrosounce 28,35 grammaspint 0,57 litros; (U.S.) 0,473 litrospound 0,453 kilogrammasquart 1,136 litros; (U.S.) 0,946 litroston 1,016 tonnas; (U.S.) 0,907 tonnasyard 0,9144 metros

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ENGLISH-INTERLINGUA: A BASIC VOCABULARY

a un; (= per) perability capacitate, habilitateable capace, habile; be ~ poterabout adv approximativemente, circa;

prep (= around) circa; (= concerning) de, in re, relative a, super

above adv/prep superabroad al estranieroabsence absentiaabsent absenteabsolutely absolutementeaccept acceptaraccident accidenteaccording to secundoaccordingly in consequentiaaccount n (= report) conto, reporto; (in

bank) conto; (= bill) factura; ~ for darconto de; on ~ of a causa de

accuse accusaraccustom accostumar, habituaracross transact n acto; v ager; (theat.) jocar,

representaraction actionactive activeactivity activitateactor actoractress actriceactual effectiveactually effectivemente, realmenteadd adder; ~ up additionaraddress n adresse; v adressar (un

littera)adjective adjectiveadmiration admirationadmire admiraradmission admissionadmit admitteradopt adoptaradvance n avantiamento; v avantiar;

in ~ anticipatementeadvantage avantageadventure aventuraadvertise annunciaradvertisement annuncioadvertising publicitate

advice aviso, consilioadvise consiliaraeroplane avionaffair affaire, cosaafford (= give) dar; we cannot ~ nos

non pote tolerar le expensa deafraid, be timer, haber timorAfrica AfricaAfrican a african; n africanoafter adv postea; conj post que; prep

postafternoon postmeridieagain de noveagainst contraage n etate; (hist.) epochaagency agentiaagent agenteago retroagree consentir, esser de accordoagreeable agradabileagreement accordoagriculture agriculturaahead avanteaim n scopo; v aspirar (a); (gun)

punctarair aereairport aeroportoalike a simile; adv similementealive viveall a omne, tote; n toto; pron omnes,

totes; at all del totoallow permitteralmost quasialone solalong preteraloud a alte vocealready jamalso anquealthough ben quealtogether (= quite) completementealways semperambition ambitionAmerica AmericaAmerican a american; n americanoamong interamount n amonta, quantitate; v

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A

amontar (a)amuse amusarancient antiqueand e; (arith.) plusangle anguloangry irateanimal animalannoy irritaranother (additional) ancora un;

(different) un altereanswer n (=reply) responsa; (to a

problem) solution; v responder (a)anxiety anxietateanxious anxieany alicun; (emphatic) qualcunque;anybody alicunoanything aliqueapart a parteappear apparer; (= seem) parerappearance apparentiaapple pomoapply applicar; ~ for sollicitarappoint appunctarapprove approbarApril aprilarch arcoare es; (optional plural) sonargue (= offer reasons) arguer; (=

dispute) disputarargument (= reasoning) argumento; (=

dispute) disputaarise provenirarm bracio; (weapon) armaarmy armeaaround circaarrange arrangiararrangement arrangiamentoarrest n arresto; v arrestararrival arrivataarrive arrivar (a un loco)arrow flechaart arteartist artistaarticle articuloartificial artificialas adv como; conj (= since) pois que,

proque; ~ white as snow si/tanto blanc como le nive

ash cinereashamed, be haber vergoniaAsia AsiaAsian a asiatic; n asiaticoaside a parte, al latereask demandarasleep, fall addormir seassociation associationastonish stupefacerat a; ~ the alAtlantic n Atlanticoattack n attacco; v attaccarattempt n essayo, proba; v essayar,

probarattend (meeting) assister a; (task)

prestar attention aattract attraheraudience auditorioAugust n augustoaunt amitaAustralia AustraliaAustralian a australian; n australianoAustria AustriaAustrian a austriac; n austriacoAutumn autumnoavenue avenueaverage a medie; n mediaavoid evitarawake vigileaway foras

baby baby, neonatoback adv retro; n dorsobad, badly malbag saccobalance n balancia; (fin.) saldo; v

equilibrar (se)ball balla; (large) ballon; (dance) balloband bandabank (river) ripa; (fin.) bancabar n barra: (for drink) bar; (chocolate,

soap) tablettabargain n (= agreement) contracto; (=

purchase) acquisition a bon mercato; v negotiar

barrel barrilbase n basebasin bassino

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B

basket corbebath banio; ~ room camera de banio;

have a ~ baniar sebattle battaliabay baiabe esser; (commands) esse, siabear v (= carry) porter; (= stand)

supportarbeard barbabeat v batter; (= defeat) vincerbeautiful bellebeauty beltatebecause proque; ~ of a causa debecome devenirbed lecto; ~ room camera a dormirbeer birabefore adv antea; conj ante que; prep

antebeg (= entreat) peter, precarbegin vt/vi comenciarbeginning comenciamentobehaviour conductabehind postbeing n esserBelgian a belge; n (both sexes) belgaBelgium Belgicabelieve crederbell campanabelong pertinerbelow adv in basso, infra; prep subbelt cinctura; (fig. ) zonabend n curva; v curvar (se), flecter sebench bancobeneath adv infra; prep sub, infrabeside al latere debesides de plusbest a le melior; adv le meliobetray trairbetter a melior; adv meliobetween interbeyond extra, ultraBible Bibliabicycle n bicycletta; v bicyclarbig grandebill (= account) factura; (parl.) projecto

de legebind ligarbird ave

birth nascentiabirthday anniversariobit pecietta; a ~ un paucobite n morsura; v morderbitter amarblack a/n nigreblade laminablame n blasmo; v blasmarbless benedicerblind cecblock n bloco; v blocar, obstruerblood sanguine blow n colpo; v sufflarblue a/n blauboard planca; (= committee) consilioboast vantar seboat barcabody corpore; (dead) cadavereboil vi bullir; vt facer bullir; cocer in

aquabold harditebone ossobook libroborder bordo; (= frontier) frontieraborn nascite; be ~ nascerborrow facer prestar seboth ambe; both ... and e ... ebottle bottiliabottom basso, fundo; (anat.) culoboundary limitebow n arco; v inclinar (se)box cassaboy puerobrain cerebrobranch branca; (office, etc) succursalbrave braveBrazil BrasilBrazilian a brasilian; n brasilianobread panbreak vt/vi rumperbreakfast n jentaculo; have ~ jentarbreath sufflobreathe respirarbrick briccabridge pontebright brillantebring apportar; ~ about effectuar; ~

back reportar; ~ up educar

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Britain Grande BritanniaBritish a britannic; the ~ le britannosbroad largebrother fratrebrown a/n brunbrush n brossabuild construerbuilding construction, edificioburn vt/vi arderburst vt/vi rumperbury interrarbus autobusbush arbustobusiness affaires, commerciobusinessman commerciante,

negotiantebusy occupatebut ma; (= except) excepte, salvobutter butyrobutton buttonbuy comptarby per; (= before) ante; (= near) apud

cake tortacalculate calcularcall n appello; v appellar; (= summon)

vocarcalm a calmecamp n campo; v camparcan n cassa de latta; v present tense poteCanada CanadaCanadian a canadian; n canadianocanal canalcap bonettocape (geog.) capocapital a/n capitalcaptain capitanocar automobilecard cartacare n attention, cura, sollicitude; v

prestar attention; (= worry) inquietar se; ~ for curar

careful attentivecareless negligentecarpet tapetecarriage carro; (= transport charges)

portocarry portar; ~ out exequer

case caso; (= suitcase) valisecastle castellocat cattocatch v capturar; (a train) prendercattle bestialcause n causa; v causarcent cento; per ~ per centocentimetre centimetrocentre centrocentury seculoceremony ceremoniacertain (both senses) certecertainly certochain catenachair sedechairman presidentechance fortuna; opportunitatechange n cambio, vt/vi cambiarcharacter (= person) persona; (other

senses) charactercharge n carga; (price) precio; v cargarcharm charmecheap a incostose; adv a bon mercatocheck verificarcheer acclamar; ~ up allegrarcheese caseocheque chequechest (anat.) pectore; (= box) coffrochief a principal; n chefchild infanteChina porcellana; (country) ChinaChinese chinesechoice n selectionchoose seligerChristmas Natal, Noelchurch ecclesiacigar cigarrocigarette cigarrettacircle circulocircular circularcity citatecitizen citatanocivilization civilisationclaim n pretension; reclamation; v (=

assert) pretender; (= demand as due) reclamar

class classeclay argilla

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C

clean munde; v mundarclear a clar, libere; v liberar; ~ away

portar via; ~ off fugir; (as order) forasde hic!; ~ out vacuar; ~ up (a mystery) elucidar; (= tidy) regular

clerk commissoclever habile, intelligentecliff precipitioclimb montarclock horologioclose a clause; adv/prep presso; v

clauder (se)cloth drappo; (piece of) pannoclothe vestirclothes vestimentoscloud nubeclub (= society) clubcoal carboncoast costacoat mantello; (=jacket) jachettacoffee caffecoin numismacold a frigide; n frigido; (illness)

rheuma; feel ~ haber frigidocollect colligercollege collegio; universitatecolony coloniacolour n color, v colorarcomb n pectine; v pectinar; ~ one’s

hair pectinar secombine combinar (se)come venir; ~ in entrarcomfort n conforto; v consolarcomfortable confortabilecomma virgulacommand v commandarcommerce commerciocommittee committeecommon communcompanion companioncompany companiacompare compararcomparison comparationcompete concurrercompetition concurso; (com.)

concurrentiacomplain planger se (de)complaint querela; (= illness) maladia

complete a complete; v complercomplicated complicatecompose componercomposed calme, tranquilleconcern n (= firm) interprisa; (=

worry) anxietate; v concernerconcerning concernente, decondition conditionconference conferentiaconfess confessarconfidence confidentiaconfuse confunderconnect vt connecter; vi junger seconnection connexion; (rly.)

correspondentiaconquer conquirerconquest conquestaconscience conscientiaconscious conscienteconsciousness conscientiaconsider considerar; reguardarconsiderable satis grandeconsideration considerationcontain continercontainer receptaculocontent a contentecontents contentocontinue vt/vi continuarcontinuous continuecontrol n controlo; v diriger, governar;

(= check) controlarconvenient commodeconversation conversationcook n coco; v cocercool fresccopper cuprocopy n copia; (of book, etc) exemplar; v

copiarcorn cereales; (= maize) maiscorner angulocorrect a correcte; v corrigercost n costo; v costarcottage cabanacotton cotoncouncil consiliocount n computo; (nobleman) conte; v

contarcountry pais; (= opposite of town)

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campaniacourage coragecourse curso; (of meal) platto; of ~

naturalmentecourt cortecousin cosinocover n copertura; (= lid) coperculo; v

coperircow vaccacrack n fissura; v findercrash n collision; (sound) fracasso;

ruina; v crepar; collider; (fin.) fallercream cremacreature creaturacreep repercrime criminecriminal a/n criminalcritic criticocritical criticcriticism criticacrop (plants, etc) recoltacross n cruce; v transir; ~ out

supprimercrowd n turba; v affluercrown coronacruel cruelcrush v applattar, tunder; (= beat)

vincercry n crito; v critar; (sweep) plorarcultivate cultivarcup (for tea, etc) tassacure n remedio; v curar, sanarcurious curiosecurl n bucla; v buclarcurrent a/n currente; ~ events

actualitatescurse n malediction; v maledicer; (=

swear) blasphemarcurve n curva; v curvar (se)cushion cossinocustom costumecustomer clientecut n incision, sectura; (=wound)

vulnere; (in prices) reduction; v secar; ~ off excider

daily quotidiandamage n damno, injuria; v damni-

ficar, guastardance n dansa; (= ball) ballo; v dansardanger periculodangerous periculosedare osardark obscurdarkness obscuritatedate data; (fruit) dactylo; v datardaughter filiaday diedead mortedeal v tractar (de); commerciar; a

great ~ multodear (both senses) cardeath mortedebt debitadecay n decadentia; v decaderdeceive deciperDecember decembredecide deciderdecision decisiondeclare declarardecrease diminuerdeed factodeep profundedefeat n disfacta; v disfacer, vincerdefence defensadefend defenderdegree gradodelay n retardo; v retardardelicate delicatedelight n delecto; v delectar (se)delightful delectabiledeliver (= free) liberar; (goods) livrar;

(speech) pronunciardemand n exigentia; (com.) demanda;

v exigerDenmark Danmarkdepart partirdepartment departimento, section; ~

store grande magazindeparture partitadefend depender (de)descend descenderdescribe describerdescription descriptiondesert n deserto; v desertardeserve meritar

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D

desire n desiro; v desirardespair n despero; v desperardestroy destruerdestruction destructiondetail detaliodetermine vt determinar; vi decider,

determinar sedetermined determinate, resolutedevelop developpar (se)development developpamentodevil diabolodiamond diamantedictionary dictionariodie morirdifference differentiadifferent differentedifficult difficiledifficulty difficultatedig excavar, fossardining-room camera a mangiardinner dinardirect a directe; v dirigerdirection direction; (= way) sensodirector directordirt immunditiasdirty immundedisappear disparerdisappoint disappunctardiscipline disciplinadiscontented discontentediscover discoperirdiscovery discopertadiscuss discuterdiscussion discussiondisease maladia, morbodisgust disgustardish plattodistance distantiadistinguish distinguerdistrict districtodisturb disturbar, perturbardisturbance perturbation, tumultodivide divider (se)division divisiondo facer; (= finish) finir; (= suffice)

bastar, sufficer; (in questions and negative sentences) (omit)

doctor (gen.) doctor; (= physician)

medicodog candollar dollardoor portadouble a duple; v duplardoubt n dubita; v dubitardoubtless sin dubitadown a basso; (= below) in basso; (a

street) perdozen dozenadrag tirar, trainardraw (= pull) tirar; (art) designardream n sonio; v soniardress n roba; v vestirdrink bibita; v biberdrive v pulsar; (a car) guidar; ~ back

repellerdrop n (= globule) gutta; (= fall) cadita;

vt lassar cader; vi caderdrown necar (se)drunken inebriatedry a sic; v siccardue a debite; ~ to a causa dedull pauco brillante; stupide; (sound)

surde; (= boring) enoioseduring durantedust pulvereDutch hollandeseduty carga, deber

each a cata; pron cata uno; le un le altere

eager alacreeagerly con ardorear aureearly a precoce; (= first) prime; adv de

bon hora, tostoearn ganiarearnest serieearth terraease facilitate; at ~ in reposoeast a del est, oriental; n esteasy facileeat mangiaredge bordoeducate educareffect n effecto; v effectuareffective effective, efficace

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E

effort effortioegg ovoeight octoeighteen dece-octoeighth a octave; n octavoeighty octantaeither o le un o le altere; (= each) cata;

~ ... or o ... o; nor ... ~ ni ... non pluselder seniorelect eligerelection electionelectric electricelectricity electricitateeleven dece-unelse altere; or ~ alterementeelsewhere alibiempire imperioemploy emplearemployee empleatoemployer empleatoremployment empleamentoempty a vacue; v vacuarenclose includerencourage incoragiar; (= promote)

promoverend n fin; vt/vi finirenemy inimicoengine motor; (= machine) machina;

(rly.) locomotivaengineer ingeniero; (= mechanic)

mechanicoengineering ingenieriaEngland AnglaterraEnglish a/n angleseEnglishman angleseenjoy gauder de, (= have use of) fruer

deenough a sufficiente; adv satis; be ~

bastar, sufficerenquire demandar, inquirerenter entrar (in)entertain amusar; dar hospitalitate a;

(an idea) considerarentire integre, toteentirely completemente, (in) totoentrance entrata, ingressoenvelope inveloppeequal equal

equality equalitateescape n escappata, evasion; v

escappar (a), evader (a)especially particularmenteessential essential, importanteEurope Europaeuropean a europee; n europeoeven adv mesmoevening vespera, vespereevent evenimentoever (= always) sempre; (= at any time)

jammaisevery omneeveryone omne personas, omneseverything toto, omne cosaeverywhere ubiqueevil a/n malexact exacteexactly al puncto; exactementeexamination examineexamine examinarexample exemploexcellent excellenteexcept excepteexception exceptionexcess excessoexchange n excambio; v excambiarexcite excitarexcitement excitamentoexcuse n excusa; v excusarexercise n exercitio; v exercitar (se)exist existerexistence existentiaexpect expectarexpense expensaexpensive car, dispendioseexperience experientiaexperiment experimentoexplain explicarexplanation explicationexplosion explosionexpress exprimerexpression expressionextend extender (se)extension extensionextensive extensiveextent amplitude, extensionextraordinary extraordinari

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extreme extremeextremely multoeye oculo

face facie; (of clock) quadrantefact facto; in ~ de factofactory fabricafade distinger (se)fail fallerfailure fallimento, insuccessofaint debilefair eque, justefairly (= enough) assatis; (= justly)

justementefaith fidefaithful fidelfall n cadita; (season) autumno; v caderfalse falsefamiliar familiarfamily familiafamous celebre, famosefancy n phantasia; v imaginar; (= like)

amarfar a distante, lontan; adv lontano; as

~ as usque afarm a agricole; n ferma; v cultivarfarmer fermerofarther a ulterior; (comparative of

“far”) plus lontan; adv ultrafashion (= vogue) moda, voga; (= way)

modo, manierafast a rapide; (=immobile) firme; adv

rapidemente; firmementefasten attachar, fixarfat a corpulente; (= fatty) grasse; n

grassiafate fatofather patrefault defecto, faltafaulty defectivefavour n favor; v favorirfavourite favoritefear n timor; v timerfeast festa; (= banquet) banchettofeather plumaFebruary februariofeed nutrir (se)feel sentir; (with fingers) palpar; ~

well sentir se benfeeling sensationfellow companion; (= man) hominefemale a feminin; n feminafence barrierafever febrefew a pauc; pron pauchesfield campofierce ferocefifteen dece-cinquefifth a quinte; n quintofifty cinquantafight n combatto; v combatter (un

persona, contra un persona)figure n figura; (= number) cifrafill plenar (se)film n pellicula; (cine) film; v filmarfind trovarfine a belle; (= not coarse) fin; n

mulcta; v mulctarfinger digitofinish n conclusion, fin; vt/vi finirfire n foco; (destructive) incendio; v

(gun) discargar; ~ engine pumpa de incendios

firm a firme; n firmafirst a prime; adv primo; ~ aid prime

succursofish n pisce(s); v piscarfit a apte, convenibile; n attacco (de

apoplexia); v installar, provider; (clothes) vader ben (a); be ~ esser in forma

five cinquefix fixarfixed fixeflag bandieraflame flammaflash n fulgure; vi fulgurarflat a plan, platte; n appartamentoflee fugirflesh carnefloat vi flottar; vt facer flottarflood n inundation; v inundarfloor solo; (= storey) etageflour farinaflow n fluxo; v fluerflower flor

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F

fly n musca; vi volar; vt pilotarfold n plica; v plicarfollow sequerfollower adherentefood alimentofool idiotafoolish stupidefoot (all senses) pedefootball footballfor conj nam; prep pro; (= during)

durante; (= since) depostforbid prohibirforce n fortia; v fortiarforeign estranieforeigner estranieroforest foresteforget oblidarforgive pardonarfork furcaform n forma; (for filling in)

formulario; v formarformal formalformer anterior; previe; (= first of two)

ille, illa, illoformerly previementefortunate fortunatefortune fortunaforty quarantaforward in avantefour quatrofourteen dece-quatrofourth a quarte; n quartoframe quadroframework armaturaFrance Franciafree a libere; (of charge) gratuite; (=

generous) liberal; adv gratis; v liberarfreedom libertatefreeze vt/vi gelarFrench a/n franceseFrenchman francesefrequent frequentefresh frescFriday venerdifriend amico; (f.) amicafriendly amicalfright terrorfrighten espaventar, terrer

frightening espaventabilefrom de; (when “de” would be

ambiguous) ab; (= out of) ex; ~ the del

front a anterior; n parte anterior, fronte; ~ door porta principal

fruit fructofull plenfun divertimento(s)funny comic, divertente; (= odd)

curiosefur pelle; ~ coat pelliciafurnish fornir; (a room) mobilarfurniture mobilesfurther a ulterior; adv ultrafuture a futur; n futuro

gain n ganio; v ganiargame joco; (= match) partitagap apertura, brecha; (fig.) lacuna,

vacuogarden jardingas gasgate portagather vt colliger; vi (people) reunir se;

(things) accumulargay gaigeneral a/n generalgenerous generosegentle dulce, suave; (breeze, etc)

moderategentleman seniorGerman a german; n germanoGermany Germaniaget vt obtener; vi (= become) devenir; ~

away partir; escappar (a); ~ off descender (de); ~ on montar; succeder; ~ up levar se; he got it printed ille faceva imprimer lo

gift donogirl pueragive dar; ~ back restituer; ~ up

render, resignarglad contentegladly de bon voluntateglass (both senses) vitroglasses berillosglory gloria

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G

go ir, vader; (= become) devenir; (= depart) partir; ~ down descender; ~ on proceder; ~ out exir, sortir; ~ up montar

god deo, Deogold aurogolden de auro; (in colour) aurategood bon; ~ afternoon/morning

bon die; ~ bye a revider nos; ~ eve-ning bon vespera; ~ night bon nocte

goodness bonitategoods benesgovern governargovernment governamentogovernor governatorgrace gratiagradual gradualgrain granogram qrammagrammar grammaticagrand grande; grandiose, magnificgrandfather granpatregrass herbagrave a grave; n tumbagreat grandegreatly multogreen verdegreens verduragreet salutargrey grisgrind molerground n solo; (plot) terrenogroup gruppogrow vi (= become larger) crescer;

(plants) vegetar; vt cultivargrowth crescimento; augmento,

expansionguard n guarda; v guardarguess n conjectura; v conjecturar; (=

believe) crederguest invitato; (at hotel) hospiteguide n guida; v guidarguilty culpabilegun arma de foco; (= cannon) cannon;

(= rifle) fusil; (= revolver) revolver

habit habitohair capillo; (= head of hair) capillatura

half a medie; n medietate; ~ an hour un medie hora

hall (= entrance) vestibulo; (= large room) sala

hammer n martello; v martellarhand n mano; (of clock) flecha; v dar,

passarhandkerchief pannello (de naso)handle n manico; (of cup, jug, etc)

ansa; v manearhang vt suspender; vi penderhappen evenirhappy feliceharbour portohard a (= not soft) dur; (= not easy)

difficile; adv multohardly a penaharm damnoharmless innocueharvest n recolta; v recoltarhaste n haste; v hastarhat cappellohate n odio; v odiarhave haber; (= cause to be done) facer;

(something to eat or drink) prender; he had to sell it ille debeva vender lo

he illehead capite; (= chief) chef; ~ for

diriger se versoheadache mal de capiteheadline tituloheadquarters quartiero generalheal vt sanar; vi cicatrisarhealth sanitatehealthy sanheap cumulohear audirheart cordeheat n calor; v calefacerheaven celoheavenly celesteheavily pesantemente; (= strongly)

forteheavy pesanteheight altitude; (= peak) culmine; (=

stature) taliahelp n adjuta; (= succour) succurso; v

adjutar; succurrer

15

H

helpless inopeher a su; pron lahere hic; ~ and there hic e ibi; ~

is/are eccehers le sue(s)herself sehesitate hesitarhide celar (se)high a alte; n altohighly multohill collinahim lehimself sehinder impedirhire (men) ingagiar; (things) locar,

prender in location; ~ out locarhis a su; pron le sue(s)history historiahit colpar; (a target) attinger; ~ back

defender sehold tener; (= contain) continer; ~ out

vt extender; vi durarhole (= cavity) cavo; (= perforation)

foramineholiday (as in ”bank holiday”) die

feriate; (= vacation) ferias; be on ~ feriar

Holland Hollandahollow a cave; n cavoholy sanctehome a domestic; interior; national; n

casa; (sentimentally) focar; at ~ a casa; go ~ ir a casa

honest honestehonesty honestitatehonour n honor; v honorarhonourable honorabilehook croc, uncinohope n sperantia; v sperarhopeful plen de sperantiahopeless desperate; (= useless) inutilehorizon horizontehorse cavallohospital hospitalhost (at party, etc) hospice, hoste; (at

an inn) tavernerohot calide; feel ~ haber calorhotel hotel

hour horahouse casa, domo; (parliament) camerahousewife *menagerahow como; ~ many quante; ~ much a

quanta; adv quanto; ~ do you do? como sta vos?

however adv comocunque; conj nonobstante, totevia

hullo hallohuman a human; n humanohumble humilehundred cento; two ~ duo centoshungry famelic; be ~ haber famehunt n chassa; v chassar; ~ for (=

search for) cercarhunter chassatorhurry n haste; vt accelerar, hastar; vi

accelerar sehurt vt (= cause pain) facer mal a; (=

harm) nocer a; (=wound) ferir; vi doler; my head ~s le capite me dole

husband maritohut cabana

I ioice glacie; ~ cream gelatoidea ideaideal a/n idealidle otiose; (= without work)

disoccupateif siill a malade; n malillness maladiaimagine imaginar; (= suppose)

supponerimagination imaginationimitate imitarimmediate immediateimmense immenseimportance importantiaimportant importanteimpossible impossibileimprove melior (se)improvement melioration,

perfectionamentoin ininclude includerincrease n accrescimento; vt accrescer;

16

I

vi crescerindeed in effecto, vermente; (with

adjective) multissimeindependence independentiaindependent independenteIndia IndiaIndian a indian; n indianoindoors al interiorindustrial industrialindustry industriainfluence influentiainform informarinformation informationink tintainner interiorinquire demandar, inquirerinquiry inquestainsect insectoinside intrainstant n instanteinstantly prestoinstead of in loco deinstruction instructioninstrument instrumentoinsult n insulto; v insultarinsurance assecurantiaintend intenderintention intentioninterest n (all senses) interesse; v

interessar; be ~ed in interessar se de/pro

interesting interessanteinterfere ingerer seinterference ingerentiainternational internationalinterrupt interrumperinto in, a inintroduce introducerintroduction introductioninvent inventarinvention inventioninventor inventorinvite invitarIreland IrlandaIrish a/n irlandeseiron a de ferro; n ferrois es; ~n’t it? nonne?island insula

it illo; (as object) lo; (impersonal) ilItalian a italian; n italianoits a su; pron le sue(s)itself se

jacket jachettajanuary januarioJapan JaponJapanese a/n japonesejaw mandibula; (upper) maxillajewel joieljewellery joielesjob postojoin junger (se), unir (se); (a club) facer

se membro dejoint a juncte; n junctura; (of body)

articulojoke n burlajourney viagejoy gaudiojudge n judice; v judicar; (= estimate)

estimarjudgement judiciojuice succoJuly juliojump n salto; v saltarJune juniojust a juste; adv justo; (time) justo

nuncjustice justitia

keep vt (gen.) tener; (= old on to) retener; vi tener se; (= stay) restar; ~ on continuar, progressar; ~ right tener se al dextra

keeper guardianokey clavekick v calcarkill occiderkilogram kilogrammakilometre kilometrokind a amabile, benevole; n genere,

speciekindness benevolentiaking regekingdom regnokiss n basio; v basiarkitchen cocina

17

J

K

knee genukneel genicularknife cultelloknock v colparknot n node; v nodarknow (facts) saper; (people and things)

cognoscerknowledge cognoscentia, saper,

scientia

lack n carentia, manco; v carer, indigerlacking, be mancar (a)ladder scalelady senioralake lacolamp lampaland n (opposite of sea) terra; (=

territory) pais; (soil, etc) terreno; vt (from ship) disimbarcar; vi (plane) atterrar

landlord proprietario; (of pub) tavernero

language lingualarge grandelargely in grande partelast a ultime; adv ultime; v durar,

permaner; ~ year le anno passatelate a tarde; (= dead) defuncte; adv in

retardolately recentementelatter a iste; pron iste, ista, istolaugh n riso; v rider; ~ at rider delaughter risolavatory W.C.law legelawful legal, legitimelawyer advocato, juristalay ponerlazy indolente, pigrelead n (metal) plumbo; v (= command)

diriger; (= guide) conducer, guidarleader chefleadership direction, suprematialeaf foliolean appoiar (se)learn apprenderlearned doctelearning erudition, saper

least a minor; adv minus; at ~ al minus

leather corioleave n permission; (= time off)

congedo; v lassar; (= depart) partir (de)

left a leve; n levaleg gambalend prestarlength *longorless minuslesser minorlesson lectionlet lassar; (= may) queletter (both senses) litteralevel a plan; n nivelloliberty libertatelibrary bibliothecalie n mendacio; v (gen. and fig.) jacer;

(in bed, etc) cubar; (= tell lies) mentirlife vitalift n ascensor; v levar (se)light a (in weight) leve; (fig.) legier;

(colours) clar; n lumine; v accender; ~up illuminar

like a simile; adv como; v amarlikely a verisimile; adv probabilementelimb membrolimit n limite; v limitarlimitation limitation limited company societate anonymeline n linea; v (clothes) foderarlip labioliquid a liquide; n liquidolist n listalisten to ascoltarliterary litterariliterature litteraturalitre litrolittle a parve; adv pauco; a ~ un paucolive a vive; v viver; (=inhabit) habitarload n carga; v cargarloaf panloan n presto; v prestarlocal locallock n serratura; v serrarlodging *allogiamentolog bloco; (ship's) libro de bordo

18

L

lonely solitarilong a longe; for ~ appeter, desirarlonger a plus longe; adv pluslook n reguardo; (= air) aere; int ecce!;

vi parer; ~ at reguardar; ~ for cercarloose laxeloosen disserrarlord senior; (as in “Lord Derby”) lordlorry camion; ~ driver *camionerolose perder; get lost perder seloss perditalot, a multoloud a alte; adv altolove n amor; v amarlovely bellelover amantelow a basse; adv bassolower a plus basse, inferior; v abassarloyal fidel, loyalloyalty fide, loyalitateluck fortunalucky fortunate

machine machinamachinery machineriamad folle; (= furious) furiosemail a postal; n (= letters) currero;

(service) posta; v postarmain principalmake n (com.) marca; v facer; (=

compel) fortiar; (in calculations) esser;(= manufacture) fabricar; (money) ganiar; (a speech) pronunciar; ~ friends amicar se; ~ out comprender, decifrar; ~ up n cosmeticos; v fardar (se)

male a mascule; n masculoman homine; (mil. ) soldato; (=

worker) obrero; v guarnir de homines;(pumps) facer functionar

manage administrar, diriger; (as agent)gerer; (= get along) arrangiar se; (= succeed) poter

management direction, gerentiamanager gerentemankind humanitatemanly virilmanner maniera

manners manierasmanufacture n manufactura; v

manufacturarmanufacturer fabricantemany a multe; pron multesmap mappamarch n marcha; (month) martio; v

marcharmark n marca; (in school) nota; v

marcar; notarmarket mercatomarriage maritagemarry (= get married) maritar se;

(=perform ceremony of marriage) maritar

mass n massa; (rel.) missamaster maestromat mattamatch n (for striking) flammifero;

(sport) partita; v equalar; (of colours) assortir (se), harmonisar (se)

material a/n material; (= fabric) stoffa; raw ~ materia prime

matter n (= business) affaire, cosa; (substance) materia; v importar; what’s the ~? que passa?

may (auxiliary verb indicating possibility) qualify the main verb with the adverb “forsan”; (indicating wish) prefix subject with “que”; (month) maio; ~ I smoke? pote io fumar?, permitte vos que io fuma?

maybe forsanme memeal repastomean a avar; v intender; (= signify)

voler dicermeaning significationmeans medio; (fin.) medios; by ~ of

per medio demeanwhile interimmeasure n mesura; v mesurarmeat carnemechanic n mechanicomechanical mechanicmedical medicalmedicine (remedy) medicamento;

(science) medicina

19

M

meet incontrar (se); (club, etc) reunir se

meeting reunionmelt funder (se)member membromembership (numero de) membrosmemorial monumentomemory memoriamend repararmention n mention; v mentionar;

don’t ~ it nulle causamerchant mercator; ~ ship nave

mercantemercy mercedemere a *mermerry allegremessage messagemessenger messagerometal metallometre metromiddle a medie; n medio; ~ class

burgesiamilk n lactemill (for grinding) molino; (=factory)

fabricamillimetre millimetromillion million; two ~ duo millionesmind n mente; v prestar attention a(l);

do you ~? es il equal a vos?mine n mina; pron le mie(s); v minarminer minatormineral a/n mineralminister ministrominute a minute; n minutamirror speculomiserable miserabilemisery miseriamisfortune infortunamiss n senioretta; v faller attinger;

(train, etc) perdermistake n errormistaken, be esser in errormisunderstand comprender malmix v miscer (se)mixed mixtemixture mixturamodel modello; scale ~ modello in

scala

moderate a moderate; v moderarmodern modernemodest modestemoment mementoMonday lunedimoney monetamonkey simiamonth mensemonthly mensualmoon a lunar; n lunamoral a/n moralmore a plus de; adv plusmoreover in ultramorning matino; good ~ bon jornomost a le major parte de; adv le plusmostly in general, principalmentemother matremotion motionmotor motormotorbike motocyclettamountain montaniamouth buccamove v mover (se)movement movimentoMr. seniorMrs. senioramuch a multe; adv/pron multomud fangomultiply multiplicar (se)murder n assassinato, homicidio; v

assassinarmurderer assassino, homicidamusic musicamusical musicalmusician musicomust debermy mimyself (subject) io mesme; (object) memysterious mysteriosemystery mysterio

nail n (anat.) ungue; (for nailing) clavoname n nomine; v nominarnamely a sapernarrow strictenation nationnational nationalnative a natal; n indigena, nativo

20

N

natural naturalnaturally naturalmentenature naturanear a proxime; adv proxime (a)nearly quasineat ben ordinate, elegantenecessary necessarinecessity necessitateneck colloneed n necessitate; v haber necessitate

deneedle agulianeglect v negligerneighbour vicinoneighbourhood vicinitateneighbouring vicinneither ni; ~ ... nor ni ... ninephew neptonest nidonet, network retenever nunquamnew novenews novasnewspaper jornalnext a proxime; adv postea, le proxime

vice; ~ to juxtanice (of persons) sympathic; (things)

agradabileniece neptanight noctenine novemnineteen dece-novemnineteenth a dece-none; n dece-nononinth a none; n nonono a nulle; adv (opposite of “yes”) nonoble (all senses) nobilenobody nemonoise ruitonoisy ruitosenone nullenoon meridienor ninorth a del nord; n nordnose nasonot nonnote n note; v notar; take ~ of

constatarnotebook quaderno

nothing nihilnotice n attention; (=notification)

aviso; (printed, etc) annuncio; v observar, remarcar

noun substantivoNovember novembrenow nunc, ora; (with past tense) alora;

(= well) aloranowhere in nulle partenuisance molestia; (person) cruce,

flagellonumber n numero; v numerar; a large

~ of multe; a ~ of alicunnumerous numerose; (=many) multenurse n infirmera; v curar; male ~

infirmero

obey obedir aobject n objecto; v objectarobjection objectionobserve observaroccasion occasionoccasionally de tempore in temporeocean oceanoOctober octobreof de; ~ the deloff adv (=away) via; (=distant) distante;

(without) sin; prep (= from) deoffence falta, offense; (= crime)

crimine, delicto; (= outrage) ultrageoffend offenderoffer n offerta; v offerer (se)office officio; (room) bureauofficer (mil.) officiero; (of society)

membro del committeeofficial a official; n functionario,

officialoften frequentementeoil n oleoold vetule; ~-fashioned antiquate;

how ~ are you? quante annos ha tu?omit emitteron adv continuemente; prep super, sur;

~ the wall al muro; ~ Wednesday le mercuridi

once adv un vice; (= formerly) antiquemente, olim

one (numeral) un; (person) on; (as

21

O

object) uno; ~ another le un le altereoneself seonly a sol; adv solmente, soloopen a aperte; v aperir (se); ~ air aere

libereopening aperturaoperate vt operar; (= work) manovrar;

actionar; vi operar; (machine) functionar

operation operationopinion opinionopportunity occasion, opportunitateoppose opponer se aopposite a opposite; adv/prep contraor oorange orangeorder n ordine; (com.) *commanda,

ordine; v commandar, ordinar; (com.) commandar; in ~ in ordine; in ~ to pro; out of ~ in reparation

ordinary ordinariorgan (all senses) organoorganization organisationorganize organisar (se)origin origineoriginal originalornament ornamentoother altereotherwise alteremente, aliasought (v conditional) debereaour nostreours le nostre(s)ourselves nosout adv foras; ~ of exouter exterioroutline n contorno, skeleto; idea

general; v contornaroutput (of worker) production; (of

machine) rendimentooutside a exterior; adv foras, al

exterior; prep foras de, al exterior deover super; (= across) trans; (=

finished) finiteovercome superaroverlook dar super; (fig.) *condonar,

non viderowe deberowing to a causa de, gratias e

own a proprie; v possederowner possessor, proprietario

Pacific n Pacificopack n pacco; v (esp. large items)

imballar; (small items) impacchettarpackage pacchettopage paginapain dolorpainful dolorosepaint n color; v pingerpainter pictorpainting picturapair parpale pallidepan (frying) patella; (= saucepan)

casserolapaper papiro; news~ jornalparcel pacchettopardon v pardonarparent parentepark n parco; v parcarparking parcamentopart n parte; v partirparticular particularparticularly particularmente, super

totopartly in partepartner partenarioparty (political) partito; (social) partitapass vt/vi passarpassage passagepassenger passageropast a passate; n passatopath sentiero; (course) viapatience patientiapatient a/n patientepause n pausa; v pausarpavement trottoirpay n paga; v pagar; (attention) prestarpayment pagamentopeace pacepeaceful pacibilepearl perlapeculiar peculiarpen penna, plumapencil stilopenny penny

22

P

people populo; (collectively) gente; ~ say on dice

perfect a perfecteperform (drama) representar; (a duty)

exequerperformance representation;

executionperhaps forsanpermanent permanentepermission permissionpermit permitterperson personapersonal personalpersuade persuaderpetrol gasolinaphotograph n photographia; v

photographarpick (= choose) seliger; (= gather)

colliger; ~ up prenderpicture picturapiece peciapig porcopile n cumulo; v cumularpin spinulapinch *pinciarpipe tubo; (tobacco) pipapity n pietate; v haber pietate deplace n loco; v placiar, ponerplain a plan; simple; n planaplan n plano; v planarplant a vegetal; n planta; (indust.)

machineria; v plantarplate platta; (for food) plattoplay n joco; (theat.) drama, spectaculo;

vt jocar (a); (mus.) sonarplayer jocatorpleasant placenteplease int per favor; v placer apleasure placerplentiful abundanteplenty abundantia; ~ of multe, un

abundantia deplough n aratro; v ararplural pluralpocket tascapoem poemapoet poetapoetry poesia

point n puncto; (= sharp end) puncta; vpunctar; ~ of view puncto de vista

poison n veneno; v invenenarPoland Poloniapole palo; (elec., geog.) polo; (= Polish

national) polaco, polonesepolice policiapoliceman agente de policiaPolish a polac, polonese; n (wax) cera;

vt polirpolitical politicpolitician politicopolitics politicapool stagnopoor (both senses) povrepopular popularpopularity popularitatepopulation populationPortugal PortugalPortuguese a/n portugeseposition positionpossess possederpossession possessionpossibility possibilitatepossible possibilepost a postal; n (= pole) palo; (= job)

posto; (= mail) posta; v postar; ~ office posta

postman curreropot (cooking) marmita; (= jar) *pottopound (money) libra sterlingpour vt *versar; (tea) servir; vi currer

multo; ~ in vt infunder; vi entrar in massa; ~ out vt effunder

poverty povressapowder n pulverepower (gen.) poter; (= strength) fortia;

(mech.) potentia; (elec.) energia; ~ station central

powerful potentepractical practicpractically quasipractice practicapractise practicarpraise n laude; v laudarpray precarprayer precariapreach predicar

23

precious precioseprefer prefererprejudice prejudiciopreparation preparationprepare prepararpresence presentiapresent a presente; n (in time)

presente; (= gift) dono; v presentar; be ~ assistar (a)

preserve preservar; (food) conservarpresident presidentepress n pressa; v premer; (= urge)

insister (super)pressure pressionpretence pretexto, simulationpretend finger, simular; (= claim)

pretenderpretty a belle; adv bastante; quasiprevent evitar, impedirprevention preventionprice preciopride orgolio; (in a good sense) feritatepriest prestreprint v imprimerprinter imprimitorprinting impressionprison prisionprisoner prisioneroprivate a privateprize premioprobable probabileproblem problemaprocession processionproduce v producer; (indust.) fabricarproduct productoproduction productionprofession professionprofit n profito; v profitar (de)programme programmaprogress n progresso; v progressarpromise n promissa; v promitterpromptly tostopronounce pronunciarproof provaproper proprieproperly correctementeproperty proprietateproposal proposition

propose (= suggest) proponer; (= plan)proponer se (de)

protect protegerprotection protectionproud orgoliose; (in a good sense) ferprove provarprovide fornir, providerprovided that a condition quepub tavernapublic a public; n publicopublication publicationpull n tirada; v tirarpump n pumpa; v pumparpunish punirpunishment punitionpupil scholarpure purpurpose fin, intentionpurposely con intentionpush n pulsata; v pulsarput poner; ~ (something) in mitter

(alique) in; ~ on (clothing) vestirpuzzle n enigma, problema; v

confunder

quality qualitatequantity quantitatequarrel n querela; v querelarquarter a quarte; n quarto; (place)

quartiero; a ~ past plus un quarte; a ~ to minus un quarte

queen reginaquestion n question; v questionar; ~

mark puncto de interrogationquick rapidequickly rapidemente; (= without delay)

prestoquiet silentiose, tranquillequite (= entirely) toto; (= rather)

bastante

rabbit coniliorace cursa; (biol.) raciaradio radiorail (=bar) barra; (rly.) railrailway ferroviarain n pluvia; v pluverraincoat impermeabile

24

Q

R

raise (= lift) altiar, levar; (= breed) elevar; (a question) sublevar; (prices) augmentar

rank rangorapid a rapiderare rarrat rattorate ratarather (= somewhat) bastante; (=

sooner) plus tostoraw crude; ~ material materia primeray radiorazor rasorioreach attingerread legerreader lectorreading lecturaready preparate; (= willing) disposite,

prestereal realreality realitatereally realmente, vermenterealise (= understand) comprender; (=

make real) realisarreason n ration; v rationarreasonable rational; (= inexpensive)

rationabilereceipt (act) reception; (document)

quitantiareceive reciperrecent recenterecognition recognitionrecognize recognoscerrecommend recommendarrecord n registro; (grammophone)

disco; (sport) record; v registrarred rubiereduce vt reducerreduction reductionrefer referer (se) (a)reference referentiareflect vt reflecter; vi pensarreflection reflexionrefuse n immunditias; v refusarregard n reguardo; v reguardarregret n regret; v regrettarregular regularrejoice v gauder

relate narrar; (= refer) refererrelation (in gen.) relationrelative a relative; n cognatorelief alleviamentorelieve (pain) alleviarreligion religionreligious religioseremark n observation; v observarremarkable remarcabileremedy n remedio; v remediarremember memorarremind rememorar (un cosa a un

persona)rent n location; v locarrepair n reparation; v repararrepeat v repeterreplace reimplaciarreply n responsa; v responderreport n reporto; v reportarrepresent representarrepresentative n representanterepublic republicareputation reputationrequest n requesta; v requestarrescue n salvamento; v salvarreserve n reserva; v reservarresign dimitter se (de)resignation dimission; (state of mind)

resignationresist resister aresistance resistentiarespect n respecto; v respectarresponsibility responsabilitateresponsible responsabile (de)rest n reposo; (= remainder) resto;

vt/vi reposarrestaurant restauranteresult n resultato; v resultarretire vi retirar se; (on pension)

pensionar seretirement retiroreturn n retorno; vt/vi retornarreview n revista; (of book) recension; v

revider; (a book) recenserreward recompensa; (= prize) premiorich ricrid of, get eliminarride v ir (a cavallo, a motocycletta)

25

right a juste; (= not left) dextre; adv directemente; n (legal) derecto; (=opposite of “left”) dextra

ring n (= circle) rondo; (of metal, etc) anulo; vt/vi sonar

ripe maturrise n ascension; (prices, wages)

augmento; v levar se; (mountain, tree)elevar se; (sun) levar se

risk n risco; v riscarrival a/n rivalriver fluvio; (small) rivieraroad cammino, viaroar n rugito; v rugirroast rostir (se)rob robarrock petrarod barra, virga; connecting ~ biella;

fishing ~ canna a piscarroll n role; (of bread) panetto; vt/vi

rolarroof n tectoroom camera; (large) sala; (= space)

spatioroot radicerope n corda; (thick) funrough rude; brutal; (= not smooth)

aspere; (of figures) approximative; (sea) grosse

round a ronde; adv (use verbal prefix:) circum-; prep circa

row (of people, seats, etc) rangoroyal royalrub v fricarrubber a de gumma; n gummarude (both senses) ruderuin n ruina; v ruinarrule n governamento; (= ruling) regula;

v governar, regerruler soverano; (for drawing lines)

regularun vi currer; (river) fluer; (= pass)

passar; (machine) functionar; vt diriger

rush vi precipitar seRussia RussiaRussian a russe; n russorust n ferrugine; v oxydar (se)

sacred sacresacrifice n sacrificio; v sacrificarsad tristesaddle sellasafe a secur; (= unhurt) salvesafety securitatesail n vela; vt/vi navigarsailor marinerosake considerationsalary salariosale vendita; (= clearance) liquidationsalt salsame mesmesand sablosatisfaction satisfactionsatisfactory satisfactorisatisfy satisfacerSaturday sabbatosave (gen.) salvar; economisar;

(money) sparniarsay dicerscale scalascarce pauco commun, rarscarcely a penascatter dispersar (se)scene scenascenery (natural) paisage; (theat.)

decorationschool schola; ~ boy scholar

(mascule); ~ girl scholar (feminin)science scientiascientific scientificscientist scientistascorn n disdigno; v disdignarScot scotoScotland ScotiaScottish scotesescreen pannello de projectionscrew n vite; v vitarsea a marin; n marsearch n cerca; ~ for cercarseason n saisonseat n sedeseated seditesecond a secunde; n secundasecret a secrete; n secretosecretary secretariosee vider; (= understand) comprender

26

S

seed semineseem parerseize sasirseldom rarmenteself ego; see also myself, yourself etcselfish egoisticsell vender (se)seller venditorsend inviar; (= shoot) lancear; ~ away

dimitter; ~ for facer venirsensation sensationsense (both senses) senso; common ~

senso communsensible practicsentence phraseseparate a separate; v separarSeptember septembreserious seriose; (wound, etc) graveservant domestico, servitorserve vt/vi servir; ~ as servir deservice servicio; church ~ servicio

divinset n collection, serie; (china) servicio;

v poner; (sun) poner se; ~ out partir; ~ up establir

settle decider; (colony) colonisar; (debt) pagar; (quarrel) componer; ~ down installar se

settlement colonia; (of quarrel) composition

settler colonoseven septeseventeen dece-septeseventeenth a dece-septime; n dece-

septimoseventh a septime; n septimoseventy septantaseveral a plure; pron pluressevere sever; (weather) rigorosesew suersex sexoshade n umbra; (fig.) nuanceshadow umbrashake vt succuter; vi tremer; ~ hands

stringer le manosshame n vergoniashape n forma; v formarshare n (= what you put in)

contribution, quota; (= what you get out) parte, portion; (fin.) action; v posseder/usar in commun; ~ in prender parte in; ~ out distribuer, divider

sharp (of blade) affilate; (needle, senses) acute; intelligente; (= distinct) nette

shave rasar (se)she illasheep ove; (plural) ovessheet (metal, etc) lamina; (for bed)

drappo de lecto; (paper) folio; (water) extension

shelf plancashell a (gen.) scalia; (= seashell)

concha; (crab) *carapace; (mil.) granata; (fig. ) *carcassa

shelter n refugio; v proteger (se)shield scuto; (fig. ) protectionshine vi lucer; (sun) brillarship n nave; vt (= send) expedirshipment cargoshirt camisashock n choc; v choccar; electric ~

succussa electricshocked scandalisateshoe scarpa; ~ lace cordon de scarpasshoot vt tirar (un balla); fusilar (un

persona); vi lancear seshop n boteca; (= store) magazin;

(indust. ) officinashopping, go visitar le botecasshore bordoshort breve, curte; (= not tall) de parve

staturashortly in paucoshot a fusilate; n tiroshoulder spatulashout n crito; v critarshow n monstra; (theat.) spectaculo; v

monstrar; (= exhibit) exponer; (= indicate) indicar; (= prove) demonstrar

shower pluvia passager; (toilet) ducha; have a ~ duchar se

shut a clause; v clauder (se)sick malade; be ~ esser malade; (=

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vomit) vomirside a lateral; n latere; argument, (in

argument, etc) partesight (= power of seeing) viso; (= thing

seen) vista; v apperciper; catch ~ of intervider; in ~ in vista

sign n signo; (board, etc) pannello/tabula indicator; v signar

signal n signal; v signalarsilence n silentiosilent silente; be ~ tacersilk a de seta; n setasilver a de argento; (colour) argentee;

n argentosimple simple; (= easy) facilesimplicity simplicitatesimply simplemente; (= quite) totosince adv postea; conj post que; (=

because) proque; prep depostsincere sincersing cantar single sol; (= not married) celibesink v (gen. and fig.) declinar; (ship)

*affundar (se)sir senior; (as in “Sir John”) sirsister sororsit vt/vi seder; ~ down seder sesitting room salonsituation situationsix sexsixteen dece-sexsixteenth a dece-sexte; n dece-sextosixty sexantasize grandor; (of garment) numero,

taliaskilful habileskill habilitateskilled experteskin n pelle; v pellarskirt n gonna; v costearsky celoslave sclavoslavery sclavitudesleep n somno; v dormir; go to ~

addormir sesleeper dormiente; (rly.) transversa; (=

sleeping car) wagon lectosslide vt/vi glissar

slight legier, superficial; (= small) parve

slightly un paucoslip vt/vi glissarslippery lubricslope n inclination; (downward)

declination; vi inclinar; declinarslow lente; ~ down *decelerar (se)small parvesmell n odor; vt olfacer; vi odorarsmile n surriso; v surridersmoke n fumo; vt/vi fumarsmooth a lisie; v lisiarsnake serpentesnow n nive; v nivarso adv (= accordingly, thus) assi;

(qualifying adjective or adverb) si, tanto; conj (= therefore) dunque; ~ asto a fin de; ~-called si-nominate; ~ do we anque nos; ~ many tante; ~ much a tante; adv tanto; ~ that (purpose) a fin que; (result) de sorta que; as ... so como ... assi

soap n saponsocial socialsociety societatesock calcettasoft molle; (= tender) tenere; stupidesoil n solosoldier soldatosolemn solemnesolid a solide; n solidosolution (both senses) solution solve solversome a alicun; adv circa; pron

alicunos;somehow de un modo o un alteresomeone alicunosomething alique, qualcosasometimes de tempore in temporesomewhat bastantesomewhere in alicun parteson filiosong cantosoon tosto; as ~ as si tosto que; as ~

as possible al plus tostosore dolorosesorrow dolo, tristessa

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sorry n pardono!; be ~ doler se (de)sort a sorta; v assortirsoul animasound n sono; v sonarsouth a del sud; n sudspace a spatial; n spatioSpain EspaniaSpaniard espaniolSpanish a/n espaniolspare a disponibile; (mech.) de

*recambio; v sparniar; (= do without) *passar se sin

speak parlarspeaker parlator; (radio, etc)

altoparlatorspecial specialspeech linguage; (= oration) discursospeed velocitatespell orthographiarspelling orthographiaspend dispender; (time) passarspin vt/vi girar; (thread) filarispirit (gen.) spirito; alcohol; energiaspite n despecto; in ~ of nonobstantesplendid splendidesplit n fissura; v finder (se)spoil v guastar (se)spoon coclearsport sportspot (= mark) macula; (= dot) puncto;

(= place) localitatespread n diffusion, extension; v

extender (se); (fig.) diffunder (se)spring (season) primavera; (mech.)

resortosquare a quadrate; n quadrato; (in a

town) placiastaff personalstage stadio; (theat.) scenastairs scalastamp n (postal) timbro; v timbrar;

(with foot) calcar; ~ out extirparstand vt (= bear) suffrer; (= put) poner;

vi star; ~ up levar se; ~ up to resister a

standard a normal; n standardstar stellastart vt/vi comenciar; (mech.) poner

(se) in marchastate n (both senses) state; v declararstatement declarationstatesman homine de statostation stationstay restar; (on holiday) sojornarsteady continuesteal furarsteam vaporsteamer (nave a) vaporsteel a de aciero; n acierosteep precipitosesteer dirigerstep n (walking) passo; (= stair) scalon;

v facer un passostick n baston; vi attachar; vi (mech.)

esser bloccatestiff rigidestill a immobile; adv ancorastock n (= provision) stock; (fin.)

actiones; v stockarstocking calceastomach stomachostone a de petra; n petrastop int basta!; vt/vi (= cease) cessar;

(= halt) stoppar; (= prevent) impedir; bus ~ halto/station de autobus; pull ~ puncto

store n provision (= shop or warehouse) magazin; v immagazinar

storm tempestastory (= tale) conto; (narrative) historiastraight a (= not curved) recte; adv

directe; ~ ahead directementestrange estraniestranger estranierostraw a de palea; n paleastrawberry fragastream rivo; (fig.) *jecto, torrentestreet stratastrength fortiastretch v extender (se)strict strictestrike n (indust.) exopero; v (= hit)

colpar; go on ~ exoperarstring corda; (= series) seriestrip n lista; v spoliarstripe n lista, *stria

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stroke n (= blow) colpo; (pen) tractostrong fortestrongly fortestruggle n lucta; v luctarstudent studentestudy n (all senses) studio; v studiarstuff n substantia; (worthless) cosalia;

v reimplerstupid stupidesubject a subjecte; n subjecto; v

submittersubstance substantiasucceed (both senses) succeder (a)success (bon) successosuccessful succeditesuccessfully con (bon) successosuch a tal; adv si; ~ a un talsudden subitesuddenly subitosuffer suffrersuffering n suffrentiasugar sucrosuggest suggerersuggestion suggestionsuit n (clothing) habito; v convenir asuitable convenibileSummer estatesun solSunday dominicasunrise levar del solsunset poner del solsunshine (lumine del) solsupper soupersupply n provision; v fornirsupport n supporto; (= backing)

appoio; v supportar; (= back) appoiarsuppose supponersure certe, secursurely certo, sin dubitasurface superficiesurprise n surprisa; v surprendersurround circumferersurroundings ambientesuspect v suspectarsuspicion suspicionswallow v glutirswear (solemnly) jurar; (bad language)

blasphemar

Swede svedeseSweden SvediaSwedish svedesesweep vt scopar; vi avantiar

rapidementesweet a dulce; n bonbon; (= dessert)

dessertswell vi tumer; vt tumefacerswim natarswing balanciar (se)Swiss a switze; n switzoSwitzerland Switzasympathy sympathiasystem systema

table tabulatail caudatake prender; (= carry) portar; (= need)

requirer; ~ away levar, subtraher; ~ back reprender; ~ off (clothes) dis-vestir se de; ~ place occurrer

talk n conversation; (= lecture) discurso; v parlar

tall alte; (of a man) grandetap n valvula; v (= hit) colpar legier-

mentetaste n gusto; v gustartasty saporosetax n taxa; v taxartea theteach inseniar (un cosa a un persona)teacher inseniante; (at school) maestroteaching inseniamentoteam equipatear n lacrima; (= rent) laceration; v

lacerar (se)telegraph n telegrapho; v telegraphartelephone n telephono; v telephonartelevision televisiontell (gen.) dicer, informar; (story)

contar; (= order) dicer (a un persona de facer un cosa); (= distinguish) distinguer; (= know) saper

temper (bon/mal) humor; lose one’s ~ inrabiar se

temperature temperaturatemple (building) templotend tender; (= care for) curar

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T

tendency tendentiatender a teneretent tenttenth a decime; n decimoterm termino; (= period) periodo;

(scholastic) trimestreterrible terribiletest n prova; (med., scholastic) test; v

prosar; (in school) examinartext textotextbook manualthan quethank v regratiar; ~ you gratias; ~ you

very much multe gratiasthat a ille; conj que; pron illo; relative

pron que; (= who) qui, que, le qual(es)the le; ~ ... ~ quanto ... tantotheatre theatrotheir lortheirs le lore(s)them (m. and gen.) les; (f.) las; (things)

losthemselves (subject) (illes) mesme;

(object) sethen alora; (= next) posteathere ibi, illac; ~ is/are il hatherefore dunque, ergothese a iste; pron (things) istos;

(persons) istesthey (m. and gen.) illes; (f.) illas;

(things) illos; (people in general) onthick spissethin tenue; (= lean) magre; (not dense)

rarthing cosathink pensar; (= believe) creder; ~ of

pensar a; (= hold an opinion about) pensar de

third a tertie; n tertiothirst setethirsty, be haber setethirteen dece-tresthirteenth a dece-tertie; dece-tertiothirty trentathis a iste; pron istothorough minutiosethoroughly a fundothose (things) illos; (persons) illes

though ben quethought (= idea) pensata; (=thinking)

pensamentothousand mille; two ~ duo millesthread filothreat menaciathreaten menaciarthree tresthroat gorgethrough per, a transverso dethroughout adv/prep in omne parte

(del)throw jectar; ~ back rejectarthumb pollicethunder n tonitro; v fulminarThursday jovedithus assiticket billet (pronounce ‘bilyet’)tide marea (alte o basse)tie n cravata; ~ up ligartight strictetill prep usquetime tempore; (as in ‘three times’) vice;

~ table horario; what’s the ~ qual hora es il?

tin (metal) stanno; (= can) cassa de latta

tip n (= advice) aviso; (= money) gratification; (= point) puncta; v inclinar (se); avisar; gratificar

tire fatigar (se)tired fatigatetitle tituloto a; (purpose) pro; to the altobacco tabacotoday hodietoe digito (de pede)together conjunctemente, insimultoilet (= lavatory) W.C.; ~ paper

papiro hygienictomorrow deman; day after ~ post-

demantongue (both senses) linguatonight iste vesperatonne tonnatoo (= excessively) troppo; (= also)

anque, tamben; ~ many troppe; ~ much a troppe; adv troppo; you ~

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anque tutool utensiletooth dentetop alto, parte superior; on ~ of supertotal a/n totaltouch n tocco; contacto; v toccartouch dur, forte, *resistentetour tourtourist touristatowards versotowel toaliatower turretown citate, urbe; ~ hall palatio

municipaltoy joculotrack piste; (rly.) viatrade n commercio; (= occupation)

mestiero; v commerciar; ~ union syndicato

train n traino; v exercitar (se)tram tramtramway tramviatransistor transistortranslate traducertranslation traductiontrap n trappa; v trappartravel n viages; v viagiar; ~ agency

bureau de viagestreasure tresortreasurer cassero, tresorerotreat v tractar; (med.) curartreatment tractamento; (med.)

therapiatree arboretremble tremertrial prova, tentative; (= jur.) judiciotribe tribetrick n (= artifice) artificio; (= swindle)

fraude; vt dupar, *ingannar; (= hoax) mystificar

trip n (= run) cursa, percurso; (= excursion) tour

trouble n (= distress) affliction; (= difficulty) difficultate, pena; (= bother)molestia; (indust.) conflicto; v incommodar (se); (= upset) disturbar

trousers pantalonestrue ver; (= faithful) fidel

truly vermente; yours ~ fidelmente vostre

trunk (of tree) trunco; (= box) coffrotrust n confidentia; responsabilitate;

(fin.) trust; v fider se atruth veritatetry v provar, tentar; (jur.) judicartube tubo; (rly.) metroTuesday marteditune melodiaturn n torno; vt tornar, girar; vi rotar,

girar; ~ into converter (se) in; ~ off (elec.) accender; (a tap) aperir; ~ right *virar/girar al dextra

twelfth a dece-secunde; n dece-secundo

twelve dece-duotwenty vintitwenty-nine vinti-novemtwist n torto; v torquer (se)twisted tortetwisting n torquimentotwo duotype n typo; v scriber a machinatypewriter machina a scriber

ugly fede, repulsiveumbrella parapluviaun- (negative prefix) with adjectives use

“in-”, which becomes “il-” before L, “ir-” before R, “im-” before M and P; with verbs, use “dis-”

uncle oncleunder subunderground (rly. ) metrounderneath adv infra; prep subunderstand comprenderunion union; trade ~ syndicatounit unitateunite unir (se)United States a statounitese; n Statos

Uniteuniversal universaluniverse n universouniversity universitateunless a minus queuntil usqueup in alto

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U

upon super, surupper superiorupright vertical; (morally) honesteupset inverter; (fig.) disregular,

perturbarupwards in altourge vt recommendar con insistentia (a

un persona de facer un cosa); vi urgerurgent urgenteus nosuse n uso; v usar, utilisar; ~ up

exhaurir; be ~d to soleruseful utileuseless inutileusual usual

vain van; in ~ in vanvalley vallevaluable preciosevalue n valor; v valutarvariety varietatevarious varievegetable a/n vegetalverb verboverse versovery multovessel (= ship) vascello; (= container)

vaso, vasculovictory victoriaview n vista; v contemplar; point of ~

puncto de vistavillage villageviolence violentiaviolent violentevirtue virtute; by ~ of pervisit n visita; v visitarvisitor visitatorvoice vocevote n vote; v votarvoyage viage (marin)

wages page, salariowaist cincturawait (for) attenderwaiter servitor; (shouted, to attract his

attention) garson!wake up eveliar (se)Wales Galles

walk n promenada; vi promenar sewall muro; (of room) parietewander vagarwant n (= lack) manco; v volerwar guerrawarm calidewarmth calorwarn prevenirwash vt lavar; have a ~ lavar sewashing n lavagewaste n perdita; v guastar (= container)wasteful prodigewatch n (action) vigilia; (timepiece)

horologio; v observar, vigilar super; (TV etc) spectar

water n aquawave n unda; vt agitar; vi undular; (to

someone) facer signos con le manowax ceraway via, cammino; (= manner)

maniera, methodo; ~ out exitowe nosweak debileweaken debilitar (se)weakness debilitatewealth ricchessawealthy ricweapon armawear vt portar; vi (= last) durar; ~ out

consumer (de)wearing vestite deweather tempore; ~ report bulletin

meteorologicweave texerWednesday mercuridiweek septimanaweekly septimanalweigh vt/vi pesarweight pesowelcome a benvenite; n *benvenita; v

dar le *benvenita awell a san; adv ben; int alora; n puteoWelsh a/n galleseWelshman gallesewest a del west; n westwet a humide; v molliar; ~ day die de

pluviawhat a qual, que; pron que; (= that

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V

W

which) lo que; ~ a pity qual damno!whatever a qualcunque; pron

quecunque; ~ happens sia que siawheat frumentowheel rotawhen quandowhenever quandocunquewhere ubi; (= whither) a ubiwhereever ubicunquewhether esque; ~ ... or sia ... siawhich a qual, que; pron que, le qual(es)while durante que; (= although) ben

que; (= whereas) e, mawhip flagellawhisper n susurro; v susurrarwhistle n (both senses) sibilo; v sibilarwhite blancwho qui, le qual(es)whole a integre; n toto; the ~ of tote lewhom que; (after preposition) qui, le

qual(es)whose cujewhy proquewicked perversewide large, vaste; (= large) grandewidely largementewidespread general, extense, diffusewidth largor, amplitudewidow viduawidower viduowife maritawild (animals, plants) salvage; (=

fierce) feroce; (= mad) fantastic, insensate

will n voluntate; v (future verbal auxiliary) va + infinitive; (= wish) voler

willing ben disposite, servicialwin v vincer (un battalia); (= gain)

ganiarwind n vento; vt bobinar; vi serpentarwindow fenestra; (shop) vitrinawine vinowing (all senses) alaWinter hibernowipe essugarwire filo (metallic)wisdom sagessa

wise sagewish n desiro; vt desirar; (= want) volerwith con; (= by, of, from) dewithin intrawithout prep sinwitness n (person) teste; (= evidence)

testimoniowoman feminawonder n (object) meravilia; (feeling)

stupor, admiration; v (= marvel) meraviliar se; (= ask oneself) demandar se

wonderful meraviliose, stupidewood (substance) ligno; (trees) boscowooden de lignowool lanaword parolawork a labor, travalio; (= something

produced by work) obra; vi laborar, travaliar; (= function) functionar; vt facer functionar, operar

workshop officinaworker obrero, travaliatorworld a mundial; n mundoworm verme; earth ~ lumbricoworn portate; (= heavily used)

deteriorate; ~ out foras de usoworry n anxietate, inquietude; vt

inquietar; (= bother) vexar; vi inquietar se, perturbar se

worse a pejor; adv pejoworship n adoration; v adorarworst a/n (le) pejorworth n valor; be ~ valerwound n *ferita, vulnere; v ferir,

vulnerarwrap (up) vt involver; vi coperir sewreck n (event) naufragio; (ship)

vascello naufragate; (fig.) ruina; v destruer, ruinar; be ~ed naufragar

wrist carpowrite scriberwrong a (= immoral) injuste, immoral;

(= inappropriate) improprie; (= incorrect) false, incorrecte; n (gen.) mal, torto; be ~ haber torto; do ~ facer mal; go ~ vader mal

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yard (= court) corte; (indust.) depositoyear annoyearly annualyellow jalneyes siyesterday heriyet adv jam; conj toteviayield n rendimento; v ceder you vos; (familiar) tu; (as object) vos; teyoung juveneyour vostre; (familiar “you”) tu

yours le vostre(s); (familiar “you”) le tue(s)

yourself vos; (familiar “you”) teyourselves vosyouth n (period of life; = young people)

juventute; (= young man) juvene; ~ hostel albergo de juventute

zero zerozoo jardin zoologic, *zoo

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Y

Z

SUMMARY OF INTERLINGUA GRAMMAR

Articles – The definite article is always le (for singular and plural) and the indefinite article is always un.

Nouns – As in English, nouns have no grammatical gender. Nouns ending in a vowel take -s in the plural and nouns ending in a consonant take -es.

Pronouns – The natural gender determines the form of the third person singular and plural pronouns, ille(s) for males, illa(s) for females and illo(s) for things.

Subject io tu ille illa illo nos vos illes illas illosObject me te le la lo nos vos les las losReflexive me te se se se nos vos se se se(Adjective mi tu su su su nostre vostre lor lor lor)

Note: Prepositions take the object case of personal pronouns in the first and second persons and the subject case in the third person.

Adjectives – Adjectives are invariable and usually follow the noun.

Adverbs – The adverb is formed from the adjective by adding -mente.

Verbs – The infinitive ends in -ar, -er or -ir.The present participle replaces the infinitive -ar with -ante, -er with -ente, -ir with -

iente.The past participle replaces the infinitive -ar with -ate, -er and -ir with -ite.The imperative drops the -r of the infinitive. No pronoun is used.The present tense drops the -r of the infinitive.The future tense adds (stressed) -a to the infinitive.The past tense replaces the -r of the infinitive with -va.The perfect tense uses the auxiliary ha with the past participle.The future perfect uses the auxiliary habera with the past participle.The pluperfect tense uses the auxilary habeva with the past participle.The conditional tense adds -ea (stressed e) to the infinitive.The conditional perfect tense uses the auxiliary haberea with the past participle.The passive uses the appropriate tense of the auxiliary esser with the past participle.

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