energy year 2015 - district heating
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District heating year 2015
13.1.2016(updated 23.2.2016)
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Market share of space heatingResidential, commercial and public buildings
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Temperature corrected district heat demand, TWh
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13.1.20164
District heat demand
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District heat production 201533,0 TWh
Cogenerated electricity 11,8 TWh
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13.1.20166
District heat production and the share of cogenerated heat
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Fuel consumption in production of district heat and CHP 2015- fuel consumption 52,0 TWh
Renewables 33 %Carbon dioxide free 36 %Domestic 56 %
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13.1.20168
Fuel consumption in production of district heat and CHP
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13.1.20169
Domestic renewable energy sources in production of district heat and CHP
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Sources:Statistics Finland (2000...2014)Finnish Energy Industries (1976...1999, 2015)
Specific carbon dioxide emissions from district heat production
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District cooling – delivered energy and connected heat load
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The future of the district heating sector
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Demand and market share of district heat 2010 - 2025
2010• Market share of district heat 45%• Demand for district heat 36 TWh
(temperature-corrected demand)
2025• Market share of district heat 50–75%
in new construction 2011–2025• Demand for district heat 40–42 TWh
23.2.2016
Source: Tehokas CHP, kaukolämpö ja ‒jäähdytys Suomessa 2010–2025, VTT 2015
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Production capacity of district heat- role of CHP 2010–2025• New heat production capacity 1,500 MW needed 2010-2025
– of which new additional heat capacity 500 MW, the rest 1,000 MW substitutes existing heat capacity
• new CHP heat capacity 0-1,000 MW• new CHP electricity capacity 0–500 MW
• If the max. number of CHP plants is realised– additional heat production 4 TWh, electricity production 2 TWh– savings in primary energy 14‒27% (note! part of the additional
production will substitute existing CHP production)
23.2.2016
Source: Tehokas CHP, kaukolämpö ja –jäähdytys Suomessa 2010 – 2025, VTT 2015
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Building stock in Finland
23.2.2016Source: Tehokas CHP, kaukolämpö ja –jäähdytys Suomessa 2010–2025, VTT 2015 15
• The most of the building stock is built after year 1970– energy efficiency of construction has been steered since 1970’s
-> the existing Finnish building stock is relatively energy efficient• The new construction rate is 1.5%, the demolition rate ca. 1%
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Building stock in Finland
23.2.2016
Detached houses
Terraced houses
Apartment buildings
Office and public buildings
Industrial buildings Total
Urbanised municipalities 51% 67% 90% 72% 65% 68%
Densely populated municipalities
24% 17% 7% 14% 19% 16%
Rural municipalities 25% 16% 3% 14% 15% 16%
Source: Tehokas CHP, kaukolämpö ja –jäähdytys Suomessa 2010–2025, VTT 2015
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• The most of the building stock is situated in urbanised (68%) and densely populated (16%) municipalities
• The urbanization has created new construction in population centres– the floor space increased by 55% in population centres during years
1990 - 2014 • The district heating market is situated in urbanised and densely
populated municipalities
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Share of district heat in the floor area of buildings according to area density in built-up areas covered by town plan
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Area density = floor area of buildings divided by land area
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Area density has a clear connection to the district heat market share • Districts of apartment buildings: area density is more than 0.15
– district heat has a market share over 80% in new construction • Districts of densely built one-family houses: area density is 0.10 – 0.15
– district heat has a market share of 65% – 80%• Only in the capital city Helsinki the area density is more than 0.3
– in the centres of cities Turku, Tampere and Kuopio the average area density is 0.15
• There are more than 250 separate population centres which have districts (250 m x 250 m statistical grids) with area density over 0.1
• New construction during 2010 – 2015 will be situated in districts which already now have district heating networks and high market share of district heating
23.2.2016
Source: Tehokas CHP, kaukolämpö ja –jäähdytys Suomessa 2010 – 2025, VTT 2015
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Cooling demand and the market share of district cooling year 2014• The cooling demand was 1.400 GWh year 2014• The district cooling demand was 190 GWh
– the demand of district cooling has more than doubled between years 2010 and 2014
– more than half of district cooling was produced with heat pumps, one fourth with free cooling
• The market share of district cooling was ca. 14%
23.2.2016
Source: Tehokas CHP, kaukolämpö ja –jäähdytys Suomessa 2010 – 2025, VTT 2015
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Scenario of the need for cooling energy (the BAU scenario)
23.2.2016
Source: Rakennusten jäähdytysmarkkinat, VTT 2015
• The cooling demand due to outdoor temperature is small related to solar induced and internal (e.g. people, electrical appliances, lightning) thermal loads
• The cooling need can significantly be reduced by solar protection
• The most realistic estimation (BAU) is partial solar protection where
– all one family houses have wide solar protection
– half of the bigger buildings have wide solar protection
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Cooling demand and the market share of district cooling 2030• Cooling density (cooling demand kWh divided by built land area )
– Helsinki 1.65 kWh/m2
– Espoo, Vantaa, Tampere, Turku, Jyväskylä, Lahti, Kuopio, Oulu ~0.6 kWh/m2
• Cooling demand estimation ca. 1.700 GWh year 2030• The potential market of district cooling
– increase ca. 20 GWh/year– market share would reach ca. 25% by year 2030
• Cooling solutions to individual buildings outside district cooling areas offer new business areas for district heating companies
23.2.2016
Source: Tehokas CHP, kaukolämpö ja –jäähdytys Suomessa 2010 – 2025, VTT 2015
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