energy, work and power energy: the capacity to do “work”

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Energy, work and power Energy: the capacity to do “work”. Measured in Joules (J), 1J = (kg m 2 )/(s 2 ). Different types of energy: kinetic, elastic, potential, electrical, thermal, gravitational potential, nuclear potential, chemical potential, radiant, sound. (Named after how it is created or stored) Energy transformation: the change from one form of energy to another Example: Microwave oven Work: the energy (measured in Joules) transferred to an object by an applied force over a measured distance. Work = (magnitude of the applied force) x (magnitude of the displacement) W = FΔd Mechanical energy (ME): the sum of gravitational potential energy (PE) and kinetic energy (KE) ME = PE + KE Potential energy (PE): the ability of a system to do work due to its position or internal position Potential energy = (mass) x (gravity) x (height) PE = mgh Gravity= 9.8 N/kg Kinetic energy: the mechanical energy that a body has by virtue of its motion Kinetic energy = ((mass) x (velocity)) 2 / 2 KE = (mv 2 ) / 2 or KE = ½ mv 2 Conservative: non-dissipative, path independent (gravity) (PE + KE) B = (PE + KE) A

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Page 1: Energy, Work and Power Energy: The Capacity to Do “work”

Energy, work and power

Energy: the capacity to do “work”. Measured in Joules (J), 1J = (kg m2)/(s2).Different types of energy: kinetic, elastic, potential, electrical, thermal, gravitational potential, nuclear potential, chemical potential, radiant, sound. (Named after how it is created or stored)

Energy transformation: the change from one form of energy to anotherExample:

Microwave oven

Work: the energy (measured in Joules) transferred to an object by an applied force over a measured distance.Work = (magnitude of the applied force) x (magnitude of the displacement)

W = FΔd

Mechanical energy (ME): the sum of gravitational potential energy (PE) and kinetic energy (KE)ME = PE + KE

Potential energy (PE): the ability of a system to do work due to its position or internal positionPotential energy = (mass) x (gravity) x (height)

PE = mghGravity= 9.8 N/kg

Kinetic energy: the mechanical energy that a body has by virtue of its motionKinetic energy = ((mass) x (velocity))2 / 2

KE = (mv2) / 2 or KE = ½ mv2

Conservative: non-dissipative, path independent (gravity) (PE + KE)B = (PE + KE)A

Non-conservative: dissipative, path dependent (friction) (PE + KE)B = (PE + KE)A + WNC

Efficiency: how efficient something is depends on the ratio of the energy that comes in, to the energy that comes out.

Power (P): the rate of doing work or transforming energy, or the rate at which energy is used or supplied. Measured in Watts, 1W = (1J/1s).

P = W / Δt

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