energy transmission in the project - daldrup management/desertec... · hydrogen-transmission idea:...
TRANSCRIPT
Source: Utilities-ME.com (2012)
1 FH AACHEN University of Applied Sciences | Fachbereich Energietechnik | International Management
presented by
Oliver Roth
Matr. No.: 859812
15-Apr-13
Source: Re-Inventing Construction (2011)
Energy Transmission in the
Project
Agenda
How to transport the Energy?
DESERTEC as a Role Model
Today‘s Grids in Europe & MENA
The Challenge
(U)HVDC-, 3-Phase HVAC- &
Hydrogen-Transmission
The Energy Highway
Energy Security
Conclusion
15-Apr-13 2 FH AACHEN University of Applied Sciences | Fachbereich Energietechnik | International Management
How to transport the Energy?
15-Apr-13 3 FH AACHEN University of Applied Sciences | Fachbereich Energietechnik | International Management
Source:
DESERTEC
Foundation (2012)
DESERTEC as a Role Model
≈ 90 % of the Earth‘s population lives
< 3000 km away from deserts
15-Apr-13 4 FH AACHEN University of Applied Sciences | Fachbereich Energietechnik | International Management
= 3000 km
Source: Map: Informap Technology Center (2012); Information: Franz Trieb (2009)
Today‘s Grids in Europe & MENA
15-Apr-13 5 FH AACHEN University of Applied Sciences | Fachbereich Energietechnik | International Management
Europe
Source: DLR (2006)
Today‘s Grids in Europe & MENA
Europe
very dense network of high voltage power lines
in wide parts of the European energy transmission network 380
kV is the highest voltage level
in other countries (e.g. Russia) voltages of 500 kV, 750 kV &
even 1200 kV for long distance transmission
problem: very less connections between the countries (e.g.
Germany and France) “bottlenecks”
a cable already connects Spain & Morocco (Straint of Gibraltar)
opened in 1997 so far electricity flows predominantly from
Spain to North Africa
15-Apr-13 6 FH AACHEN University of Applied Sciences | Fachbereich Energietechnik | International Management
Source: DLR (2006); Rat für Nachhaltige Entwicklung (2012)
Today‘s Grids in MENA & Europe
Middle East & North Africa
electricity grid much less dense than in Europe
concentrated to the coastal regions and the Nile valley
interconnects only between Egypt, Jordan & Syria and Algeria,
Morocco & Tunisia
Lybia connected with Tunisia since 2003
not yet synchronized
15-Apr-13 7 FH AACHEN University of Applied Sciences | Fachbereich Energietechnik | International Management
Source: DLR (2006)
Source: DLR (2006); Werrenfels / Westphal (2010)
The Challenges of DESERTEC
new “transmission lines”
trough North Africa Mediterranean Sea (ca. 1000 km)
through Italy (ca. 1000 km) to Central Europe (ca. 1000 km)
about 3000 km
transmission costs shall NOT to a too high electricity price (!!!!!!)
15-Apr-13 8 FH AACHEN University of Applied Sciences | Fachbereich Energietechnik | International Management
functioning
interconnections
required: e.g.:
Tunisia Italy &
Turkey Greece
MedRing
Source:
DESERTEC
Foundation (2012)
Source: DLR (2006); Heckmann (2010)
3-Phase HVAC-Transmission
15-Apr-13 9 FH AACHEN University of Applied Sciences | Fachbereich Energietechnik | International Management
Source: GeVestor Financial Publishing Group (2012)
3-Phase HVAC-Transmission
High Voltage Alternating
Current Transmission
based on conventional 3-phase
alternating current
in Europe frequency of 50 Hz
15-Apr-13 10 FH AACHEN University of Applied Sciences | Fachbereich Energietechnik | International Management
Power Plant AC
Transformer
HVAC
„up“
Consumer Transformer
Consumer
Consumer
„down“
Source: DLR (2006)
Source: own design
Source: Benz (2010); DLR (2006); Heckmann (2010)
3-Phase HVAC-Transmission
Advantages:
transformability (between voltage levels)
generation by simple electro-mechanical energy conversion
frequency can be used for system control
mashing easily possible
Disadvantages:
transmission capacity limited by inductive and capacitive
parameters (reactive power)
high losses (6-8 % losses per 1000 km)
long distance transmission limited
cables limited to very short distances
15-Apr-13 11 FH AACHEN University of Applied Sciences | Fachbereich Energietechnik | International Management
Source: Benz (2010); DLR (2006); Heckmann (2010)
(U)HVDC-Transmission
15-Apr-13 12 FH AACHEN University of Applied Sciences | Fachbereich Energietechnik | International Management
Source: Utilities-ME.com (2012)
(Ultra) High Voltage Direct
Current Transmission
voltage ≥ 800 kV UHVDC
direct current (const.) flows in one direction
generation: electrochemical processes
or rectification of alternating current
15-Apr-13 13 FH AACHEN University of Applied Sciences | Fachbereich Energietechnik | International Management
(U)HVDC-Transmission
Source: DLR (2006)
So
urc
e:
AB
B (
2012a);
AB
B (
2012b
); B
en
z (
2010 )
; S
iem
en
s A
G (
2011b
)
Advantages:
transmission capacity not limited by inductive and capacitive
parameters
low losses (3-5 % losses per 1000 km)
long distance transmission possible
cables can be placed in the underground
higher acceptance of the population
very stable
allows power transmission between AC networks with
different frequencies or voltage levels
15-Apr-13 14 FH AACHEN University of Applied Sciences | Fachbereich Energietechnik | International Management
(U)HVDC-Transmission
Source: Benz (2010 ); Siemens AG (2011a); Siemens AG (2012)
less masts / lines needed
lower costs of
transmission lines
little area demand
(60 % of HVAC)
small ecological
footprint
Disadvantages:
high fix costs for transformer / converter stations
HVDC interesting for longer distances
15-Apr-13 15 FH AACHEN University of Applied Sciences | Fachbereich Energietechnik | International Management
(U)HVDC-Transmission
Source: Hueck (2010)
Source: Benz (2010 ); Siemens AG (2011a); Siemens AG (2012)
Costs of UHVDC & HVAC
15-Apr-13 16 FH AACHEN University of Applied Sciences | Fachbereich Energietechnik | International Management
HVAC (U)HVDC
Source:
Universität
Bonn (2010)
Source:
own design
(concept:
Dan (2012))
Costs
Transmission
Distance
Total DC
Costs
Total AC
Costs
DC Terminal
AC Terminal
AC Line
DC Line
Break-Even Distance
(500 – 800 km)
Xiangjiaba–Shanghai (China)
UHVDC Projects in Europe & Asia
15-Apr-13 17 FH AACHEN University of Applied Sciences | Fachbereich Energietechnik | International Management
(U)HVDC-Transmission
Source:
Siemens AG (2011b)
Source: Benz (2010 ) Source: Benz (2010 )
Hydrogen-Transmission
Idea:
production of hydrogen from water by using the produced el.
energy (mostly in deserts)
transmission and distribution of the hydrogen by pipelines like
conventional energy carriers fuel oil and natural gas
well known technology and existing networks
direct hyrogen utilisation
e.g. as fuel in fuel cell
driven automobiles
15-Apr-13 18 FH AACHEN University of Applied Sciences | Fachbereich Energietechnik | International Management
Source: HybridCars.com (2012) Source: DLR (2006); DESERTEC Foundation (2012)
Hydrogen-Transmission
BUT:
there is NO water available in most of the deserts!!!!
50 % energy demand & losses for the conversion process
pumping losses (transport to Europe (ca. 3000 km))
15-Apr-13 19 FH AACHEN University of Applied Sciences | Fachbereich Energietechnik | International Management
Transmission by UHVDC
90 % Efficiency
Transmission by hydrogen
25 % Efficiency
Transmission by HVAC
60 % Efficiency
Source:
DLR (2006);
DESERTEC Foundation (2012)
Concept
15-Apr-13 20 FH AACHEN University of Applied Sciences | Fachbereich Energietechnik | International Management
The Energy Highway
electrical energy generated in regions
of best performance
distributed all over Europe and
MENA by highly efficient HVDC
grid (“Super Grid”)
supply of consumers by the
conventional interconnected
AC grid (lower voltage level)
transport of the energy to storage
places (e.g. pump storage power
plants in Norway, Austria and the
Switzerland)
Source: DESERTEC Foundation (2012)
Source: saena (2012); Deutschlandfunk (2012)
Source: Google Inc. (2012)
The Energy Highway
Concept
15-Apr-13 21 FH AACHEN University of Applied Sciences | Fachbereich Energietechnik | International Management
more and more fluctuating
regenerative energy resources (PV,
wind, …)
stabilisation of the large
electricity grids
“UHVDC backbone”
Targets for 2050:
20 - 40 transmission lines from the
MENA region to Europe
lines deliver 15 % of the European
energy demand
ca. 700 TWh/y Source: DESERTEC Foundation (2012)
Source: saena (2012)
Source: Google Inc. (2012)
The Energy Highway
Costs (TRANS-CSP Study (DLR))
15-Apr-13 22 FH AACHEN University of Applied Sciences | Fachbereich Energietechnik | International Management
Transmission costs
1.0 – 1.4 €-ct/kWh Source: DESERTEC Foundation (2009)
The Energy Highway
Possible Organisation Structures
Financing usually by transmission system operators (TSOs) of the
both connected countries
high investment costs (impossible for some TSOs)
European financing instruments (?)
no experience with ownership structures for electrical
transmission grids bypassing several countries
organisation similar to that of gas pipelines (?)
e.g. Nabucco pipeline
“Nabucco Gas Pipeline International GmbH”
(planning, financing, construction, marketing &
maintenance)
15-Apr-13 23 FH AACHEN University of Applied Sciences | Fachbereich Energietechnik | International Management
Source: DLR (2009)
Excursus: Planning an Electric Grid
Electric grids cannot be built everywhere!!!
Excluded Areas:
protected areas
industrial areas
populated places
deep sea areas
geomorphologic
features
etc.
15-Apr-13 24 FH AACHEN University of Applied Sciences | Fachbereich Energietechnik | International Management
Source: DLR (2009)
Energy Security
What about terroristic attacks?
20 – 40 planned interconnections between MENA & Europe
dense electricity grid can compensate outage of several lines
highly secure against attacks
Can the produced energy be used as political leverage?
coal, oil, natural gas & uranium can be kept back today and sold
tomorrow
electric energy (today) not!!!
earnings would be irrevocably lost
high interest of suppliers to secure energy supply
15-Apr-13 25 FH AACHEN University of Applied Sciences | Fachbereich Energietechnik | International Management
Source: DESERTEC Foundation (2012); Deutsche Gesellschaft CLUB of ROME e.V. (2011)
Conclusion
15-Apr-13 26 FH AACHEN University of Applied Sciences | Fachbereich Energietechnik | International Management
Source:
DESERTEC
Foundation (2012)
15-Apr-13 27
Thank you for your Interest!
FH AACHEN University of Applied Sciences | Fachbereich Energietechnik | International Management
Source: DLR (2012)
15-Apr-13 28 FH AACHEN University of Applied Sciences | Fachbereich Energietechnik | International Management
References • ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd ABB (2012a):
www04.abb.com/global/seitp/seitp202.nsf/c71c66c1f02e6575c125711f004660e6/b1026e2e61f8dfc9c12575ef
0034a636/$FILE/19+Ernsting+ABB.jpg [10.04.2012]
• ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd ABB (2012b):
www04.abb.com/global/seitp/seitp202.nsf/c71c66c1f02e6575c125711f004660e6/27eb03ad0e95a12cc12575
ef0035e447/$FILE/Norned_Cable_Approved_04.jpg [04.04.2012]
• Benz, T. (ABB) (2010): Stromtransport: Erfordernisse und Lösungen für ein eu-ropäisches Verbundnetz
unter Nutzung solaren Stroms aus Nordafrika03/2010
• Dan, I. (2012): Rolle der Erneuerbaren Energien: Heute und Morgen – Solarthermische Anlagen – Desertec;
under: http://intern.ipv.uni-stuttgart.de/content/web9/docs/Desertec.pdf [04.04.2012]
• DESERTEC Foundation (2009): Clean Power from Deserts – The DESERTEC Concept for Energy, Water and
Climate Security – WhiteBook, 4th Edition Bonn 02/2009
• DESERTEC Foundation (2012): http://www.desertec.org/en/concept/questions-answers/ [04.04.2012]
• DESERTEC Foundation (2012): www.desertec.org/fileadmin/downloads/media/pictures/DESERTEC_EU-
MENA_map.jpg [01.04.2012]
• Deutsche Gesellschaft CLUB of ROME e.V. (2011): Der DESERTEC-ATLAS - Weltatlas zu den
erneuerbaren Energien, Leipzig 2011
• Deutschlandfunk (2012): www.dradio.de/dlf/sendungen/hintergrundpolitik/997808/ [10.04.2012]
• DLR (2006): German Aerospace Center (DLR): Institute of Technical Thermodynamics: Section Systems
Analysis and Technology Assessment: Trans-Mediterranean Interconnection for Concentrating Solar Power,
Stuttgart 07/2006
• DLR (2009): Characterisation of Solar Electricity Import Corridors from MENA to Europe – Potential,
Infrastructure and Cost, Stuttgart 07/2009
15-Apr-13 29 FH AACHEN University of Applied Sciences | Fachbereich Energietechnik | International Management
References • DLR (2012): http://www.dlr.de/next/DesktopDefault.aspx/tabid-6782/11133_read-25363/gallery-
1/gallery_read-Image.69.15866/ [10.04.2012]
• Franz Trieb (2009): DESERTEC: Solar Power from the Desert, 09/2009
• GeVestor Financial Publishing Group (2012):
www.gevestor.de/fileadmin/media/bilder/teasergrafiken/Strom-Hochspannung-Leitung-Natur.jpg
[10.04.2012]
• Google Inc. (2012): https://8910966753148890612-a-1802744773732722657-s-
sites.googlegroups.com/site/stromtransportpsem/stromnetz-der-zukunft/desertec/740px-
Fullconnection.jpg?attachauth=ANoY7crDisUjLmbbVARbtEe3tn2hw9d_CMaG42MaKLOFKwLDX4972aLXgR46m
nFCgc1pGv8jZo4_s2iYs97nxfOz5SnzMuHyrO_Utx6NP2Kwt6ErFp2jUCtrxNHczHSewnAZArJg_YGFMcxA_mhQ4ri
ghugxl9h25J4ygiNxdyt5wA0msEfsLhcDHbnx1zhhcDpAXIxXvnu2cdlTFJDe8obgcnqNwyOoLixi_ctccMYq6CgG9w
paMwpu6x809hFaR9EyE0cncc43EGx-iQboW2LZxVnNMKyfiA%3D%3D&attredirects=0 [05.04.2012]
• Heckmann, M. (2010): Projekt DESERTEC – Konzept und Kritik, 07/2012; under: https://www.ensys.tu-
berlin.de/fileadmin/fg8/Downloads/NeueEntwicklungen/SS2010/09072010_DESERTEC_Heckmann.pdf
[04.04.2012]
• Hueck, U. (DESERTEC Foundation) (2010): Presentation: Erzeugung und Transport elektrischer Energie
am Beispiel DESERTEC, München 11/2010; under: http://www.verein-der-
ingenieure.de/ak/energietechnik/doc/desertec.pdf [04.04.2012]
• HybridCars.com (2012): http://www.hybridcars.com/files/10-FCell-road-610.jpg [13.04.2012]
• Informap Technology Center (2012): www.informapusa.com/Download/Globe/3600x1800/DayOld.gif
[12.04.2012]
• Rat für Nachhaltige Entwicklung (2012): www.nachhaltigkeitsrat.de/news-nachhaltigkeit/2011/2011-11-
17/wuestenstrom-kann-mehr-als-klimaschutz-interview-mit-max-schoen-mitglied-im-rat-fuer-nachhaltige-
entwicklung-und-mitgruender-der-desertec-foundation/ [04.04.2012]
15-Apr-13 30 FH AACHEN University of Applied Sciences | Fachbereich Energietechnik | International Management
References • Re-Inventing Construction (2011): whatwow.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/A-broad-view-of-
parabolic-trough-solar-collectors-at-Kramer-Junction-in-the-Mojave-desert-in-California.jpg [14.11.2011]
• Sächsische Energieagentur GmbH (saena) (2012): Katrin-Susanne Richter (DESERTEC Foundation) (:
Das DESERTEC-Konzept zur Energieversorgung Europas aus Afrika? – Sauberer Strom für Nordafrika und
Europa; under: www.saena.de/tycon/file.php?id=5590 [10.04.2012]
• Siemens AG (2011a): High Voltage Direct Current Transmission – Proven Technology for Power Exchange,
Erlangen 2011
• Siemens AG (2011b): HVDC – High Voltage Direct Current Power Transmission – Unrivaled practical
experience, Erlangen 2011
• Siemens AG (2012): http://www.energy.siemens.com/hq/en/power-transmission/hvdc/hvdc-
ultra/#content=Benefits [04.05.2012]
• Universität Bonn (Physikalisches Institut) (2012): Presentation: Desertec; under:
http://www.th.physik.uni-bonn.de/th/People/dreiner/HOME-PAGE/TEACHING/ENERGIE-
Vortraege/Desertec.pptx [04.04.2012]
• Utilities-ME.com (2012): http://www.utilities-me.com/pictures/gallery/power%20lines%20II.JPG
[04.04.2012]
• Werrenfels, I.; Westphal, K. (2010): Solar Power from North Africa – Frameworks and Prospects, Berlin
05/2012; under: http://www.swp-
berlin.org/fileadmin/contents/products/research_papers/2010_RP03_wrf_wep_ks.pdf [07.04.2012]