energy security for india : challenges and …rb/professional activities...r & d status in india...
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Energy Security for India : Challenges and Opportunities
Rangan BanerjeeForbes Marshall Chair Professor
Dept of Energy Science and EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Bombay
Canada India S&T meeting, New Delhi, April 5, 2013
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India and Canada (Selected Indicators for 2010)
Population 1171 million 34.1 million
GDP (PPP) 3763 Billion 2005 US$(3213 $/person)
1202 Billion 2005 US$( 35,238 $/person)
Primary Energy 29.0 EJNet imports 7.6 EJ
10.5 EJ (16.6 EJ Prodn) Net imports 6.1 EJ
Energy/person 24.7 GJ/person/year 308.6 GJ/person/year
Electricity/person 644kWh/capita/year 15145 kWh/capita/year
CO2 emissions
Per person
Per GDP
1626 Million tonnes 536.6 Million tonnes
1.39 tonnes /capita/year 15.73 tonnes /capita/year
0.43g /US$ ppp 0. 45 kg /US$ ppp
Source: IEA, Key World Energy Statistics 2012
Perspectives On Energy Security
3 Source: Cherp and Jewell, 2011
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Primary Energy Mix
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Renewables and Nuclear
Coal Oil and Gas
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Share of Energy Imports - India
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0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Import Share (INDIA)
Business as Usual Scenarios for 2035
7
2010
20355%
(Low)
6.4%(Moderate)
8%(High)
Population (in billions) 1.15 1.52 1.52 1.52GDP (in US 2005 Billion PPP) 3763 12743 17745 25771GDP/ capita 3272 8495 11830 17180Primary Energy (in EJ) 29 58 81 118
Primary Energy per capita (in GJ) 25 38 53 77
Electricity Supply (in billion units) 811 3009 4190 6085
Electricity Supply (in units/ capita) 705 1979 2756 4003
Supply Scenarios for 2035 (BAU-Moderate)- Electricity- High Nuclear
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Supply Scenario Green (Coal Low, Nuclear High, RenewablesModerately High )
Projections for 2035 CoalNatural
Gas Diesel Nuclear HydroRenewa
bles Total% Electricity Supply
Share 40% 12% 2% 13% 11% 22% 100%Electricity Supply/
year (in billion kWh) 1676 503 84 545 461 922 4190Average Load Factor 70% 70% 16% 70% 38% 26%Installed Capacity (in
GW) 272 82 59 89 137 412 1051
Power Generation – Supply mix
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Thermal Nuclear
Renewables (incl Hydro)
40%
60%
80%
20%
100%
0100%
0
Energy Security
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Energy Access – 40% population- no access to electricity, convenient cooking fuels
Increasing import dependence – oil- transport, in future- coal
Affordability Energy Shortages Access to energy technologies Need to promote Efficiency/ Demand Side
Management, Renewables, Clean Coal Low Carbon as a goal?
R & D Status in IndiaIndustry R&D status Needs
Energy Efficiency Commercial Industry-lowAcademic-low
Information sharing Benchmarking Next processes
Clean Coal Conventional Coal manufacturing plants
Gaps/subcritical teamsHigh ash, low sulphur coal
Pilot plants Catalyse research teams
Wind Commercial High growth
C-WET / Limited R&D in industry – need to strengthen
Low range turbines, low cost inverters , Improved forecasting
Solar Thermal Commercial for cooking low temperature industrial heating
Small companiesInnovations Solar mission - JNSM
Need for consortium long terms approaches, prototypesDevelop Manufacturing capability
Solar PV Commercial , High growth- JNSM – The China challenge
Industry-low R&D Reasonable academic capability
Cost reduction, wafer manufacture Tracking field performance
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R & D Status in India - Contd..Industry R&D status Needs
Small Hydro Low growth rates No major industry thrustAHEC, Roorkee
Commercial Exploitation
Biomass Small industry, lack of standardisation
Atmospheric gasification, biogas plsantsThermal applicationSignificant-R & D capability-academic ‘empirical’
Need to scale, improved product design,
Fuel Cells Hydrogen Low industry interest Several academic / groups, no product focus
Cost reduction required
Storage Low industry interest CECRIAcademic Institutes
Need for concerted efforts, Build groups
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International Collaborations- IndiaCountry Institutions Schemes
US D,E,R USAID, IUSSTF, Indo-USFOE
Joint Energy Centres
UK D,E,R RCUK, British Council,DFID UKIERI
Germany D,E,R GiZ/GTZ, Indo-German Frontiers Symposia
DAAD, Humboldt
Switzerland D,R SDC, Swissnex Cosmile
France R,E CEFIPAR
Australia R, E AISRF- Grand Challenge fund Joint working group Energy Minerals
Canada D,R,E CIDA, Shastri Institute Canada India Energy Forum
Japan R Japan Energy Research dialogue
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National Solar Thermal Power Facility – Consortium supported by MNRE and led by IIT Bombay
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Thermal Storage
Solar Field
Expansion Vessel
Heat Exchanger
Generator
Condenser
Turbine
PumpPump
Cooling Water Circuit
Water/ Steam Loop
ThermicOil Loop
CLFR Direct Steam
Schematic of 1 MW Solar Power PlantSimulator snapshot
Parabolic Trough Solar Field Linear Fresnel Reflector Solar Field at Gwalpahari site
Consortium Members
KIE Solatherm
Industry
Society
EducationCapacity Building
Sponsored projects Sponsored StudentsSponsored Labs CEP
AcademiaCSIR
Advisory
Funding
Technology / Knowhow transferManpower
Govt.
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Industry
Academia
/Research
Govt.
Society
India
Canada
Research
Synergies- Possible collaboration
Leveraging availability of cutting edge facilities, characterisation and manufacturing
Mechanism for two way exchange of PhD students, researchers, faculty
Diverse contexts – enriching learning experience Multiple controlled demonstrations,deployment Manpower training , capacity building Joint research Investment/ Industry- Technology adoption
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Indo- Canadian Collaborations
India CanadaBio Energy
Built Environment and Demand Management
Energy Conversion and Storage
Marine Energy
Power Systems , ICT, Smart Grids
Solar Energy
Wind Energy
Oil and Gas, Tar sands, CBM
Carbon Capture and Storage
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JP
D
SE
JP
JP
FE
D
D
D
References
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International Energy Agency (IEA)Key World Energy Statistics 2012
United Nations, World Population Prospects (2009)TIFAC Energy Technology Vision 2035– draft in progressCherp and Jewell, 2011, Current Opinion in
Environmental Sustainability, 2011, 3: 202-212
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