energy in environment

8/14/2019 Energy in Environment

1/49

Energy in theEnergy in the

EnvironmentEnvironment

By: Furqan SaeedBy: Furqan Saeed


2/49

EnergyEnergy

Energy is often defined as the ability to do

work

Living organisms need energy for growthand movement.


3/49

Forms of EnergyForms of Energy

Kinetic energy

Potential energy

Thermal energy

Gravitational energy

Sound energy

Geothermal energy

Elastic energy

Electromagnetic

energy

Chemical energy

Nuclear energy


4/49

Kinetic EnergyKinetic Energy

The energy of motion.

The faster the object moves the more

kinetic energy. Kinetic energy depends on both mass

and velocity.

KE = (mass x velocity2)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Wooden_roller_coaster_txgi.jpg


5/49

The cars of a roller coaster reach theirThe cars of a roller coaster reach their

maximum kinetic energy when at the bottom ofmaximum kinetic energy when at the bottom of

their path. When they start rising, the kinetictheir path. When they start rising, the kinetic

energy begins to be converted to gravitationalenergy begins to be converted to gravitational

potential energy, but the total amount ofpotential energy, but the total amount of

energy in the system remains constant;energy in the system remains constant;

assuming negligible friction and other energyassuming negligible friction and other energy

conversion factors.conversion factors.

The kinetic energy of an

object is the extra energy

which it possesses due to

its motion

The work needed to

accelerate a body of a

given mass from rest to

its current velocity
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Wooden_roller_coaster_txgi.jpg


6/49

Potential energyPotential energy

Energy stored within a physical system. It

is calledpotentialenergy because it has

the potential to be converted into other

forms of energy, such as kinetic energy

Unit : joul


7/49

Thermal energyThermal energy

Thermal energy is the

energy portion of a

system that increases

with its temperature.

thermal energy" is a term

used to describe the

energy content of a

system related to heating

effects, e.g. temperatureincrease or decrease


8/49

Gravitational energyGravitational energy

energy associated

with the gravitational

field
http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA03153


9/49

Geothermal EnergyGeothermal Energy

Energy generated by

heat stored beneath

the Earth's surface or

the collection ofabsorbed heat in the

atmosphere and

oceans


10/49


11/49
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:NesjavellirPowerPlant_edit2.jpg


12/49

Elastic EnergyElastic Energy

The elastic energy isthe energy whichcauses or is releasedby the elasticdistortion of a solid ora fluid.

Elastic energy isinternal energy thatcan be converted intomechanical energy


13/49

Sound EnergySound Energy

Sound is vibration

transmitted through a

solid, liquid, or gas;

particularly, soundmeans those

vibrations composed

of frequencies


14/49

Chemical EnergyChemical Energy

Chemical energy is the

energy due to

associations of atoms in

molecules and various

other kinds of aggregatesof matter. It may be

defined as a work done

by electric forces during

re-arrangement of electriccharges, electrons and

protons, in the process of

aggregation


15/49

Nuclear EnergyNuclear Energy

Nuclear Energy is

energy due to the

splitting (fission) of

the nuclei of atoms.


16/49

Nuclear EnergyNuclear Energy

Fusion, two atomicnuclei fuse together toform a heaviernucleus

Fission, the breakingof a heavy nucleus

into two (or morerarely three) lighternuclei


17/49
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:UFission.gifhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:UFission.gif


18/49

Electromagnetic EnergyElectromagnetic Energy

Electromagnetic (EM) radiation is a self-propagating

wave in space or through transparent matter


19/49


20/49


21/49

Non-Renewable EnergyNon-Renewable Energy

SourcesSources

Conventional

Fossil Fuel (Petroleum, Natural Gas, Coal)

Nuclear

Unconventional

Oil Shale

Natural gas hydrates in marine sediment


22/49

Coal, oil and gas are called "fossil fuels"

It covers around 66% of the world's

electrical power, and 95% of the world's

total energy demands (including heating,

transport, electricity generation and other

uses).


23/49

Coal is crushed to a fine dust and burnt. Oil

and gas can be burnt directly.

Coal provides around 28% of our energy

oil provides 40%


24/49


25/49

AdvantagesAdvantages

Very large amounts of electricity can be generated in oneplace using coal, fairly cheaply.

Transporting oil and gas to the power stations is easy.

Gas-fired power stations are very efficient.

A fossil-fuelled power station can be built almostanywhere, so long as you can get large quantities of fuelto it.


26/49

DisadvantagesDisadvantages

Basically, the main drawback of fossil fuels is pollution.Burning any fossil fuel produces carbon dioxide, which contributesto the "greenhouse effect", warming the Earth.

Burning coal produces more carbon dioxide than burning oil or gas.It also produces sulphur dioxide, a gas that contributes to acid rain.

We can reduce this before releasing the waste gases into theatmosphere.

Mining coal can be difficult and dangerous. Strip mining destroyslarge areas of the landscape.

Coal-fired power stations need huge amounts of fuel, which meanstrain-loads of coal almost constantly. In order to cope with changingdemands for power, the station needs reserves.


27/49

NuclearNuclear

Nuclear power is generated using

Uranium

Natural uranium is only 0.7%

"uranium-235", which is the type of

uranium that undergoes fission in this type

of reactor.


28/49


29/49


Nuclear power costs about the same as coal, soit's not expensive to make.

Does not produce smoke or carbon dioxide, so it

does not contribute to the greenhouse effect.

Produces huge amounts of energy from smallamounts of fuel.

Produces small amounts of waste.

Nuclear power is reliable


30/49


Although not much waste is produced, it is

very, very dangerous.

It must be sealed up and buried for many

years to allow the radioactivity to die away.

Nuclear power is reliable, but a lot ofmoney has to be spent on safety - if it

does go wrong, a nuclear accident can be

a major disaster.


31/49

Renewable Energy SourcesRenewable Energy Sources

Solar thermal power

Wind

Hydropower Biomass

Ocean energy

Geothermal


32/49

Solar thermal powerSolar thermal power


33/49


34/49

Three main ways that we use the Sun's energyThree main ways that we use the Sun's energy

1 Solar Cells (called "photovoltaic" or

"photoelectric" cells) that convert light

directly into electricity.

In a sunny climate, you can get enough

power to run a 100W light bulb from just

one square metre of solar panel.


35/49

2 -Solar water

heating, where heat

from the Sun is used

to heat water in glasspanels on your roof.


36/49

3 -Solar Furnaces use ahuge array of mirrors toconcentrate the Sun'senergy into a small space

and produce very hightemperatures.

There's one at Odellio, inFrance, used for scientificexperiments.

It can achievetemperatures up to33,000 degrees Celsius.


37/49


Solar energy is free - it needs no fuel and producesno waste or pollution.

In sunny countries, solar power can be used wherethere is no easy way to get electricity to a remoteplace.

Handy for low-power uses such as solar poweredgarden lights and battery chargers


38/49


Doesn't work at night.

Very expensive to build solar power stations.

Solar cells cost a great deal compared to theamount of electricity they'll produce in their

lifetime.

Can be unreliable unless you're in a very sunny

climate.


39/49

Wind powerWind power


40/49


Wind is free, wind farms need no fuel.

Produces no waste or greenhouse gases.

The land beneath can usually still be used for farming.

A good method of supplying energy to remote areas.


41/49


The wind is not always predictable - some days have nowind.

Suitable areas for wind farms are often near the coast,

where land is expensive.

Can kill birds - migrating flocks tend to like strong winds.

Can affect television reception if you live nearby.

Can be noisy.


42/49

HydropowerHydropower


43/49


44/49

1999 Regional Shares of Crude Oil1999 Regional Shares of Crude Oil

ProductionProduction (3445 Mt)(3445 Mt)


45/49

World Energy ConsumptionWorld Energy Consumption


46/49

World Energy ConsumptionWorld Energy Consumption

W ld T t l E C tiW ld T t l E C ti


47/49

World Total Energy ConsumptionWorld Total Energy Consumption

1990 -2020 (Quadrillion Btu)1990 -2020 (Quadrillion Btu)

Region/Country 1990 1997 2020

United States 84.0 94.2 120.9

Western Europe 59.9 64.0 78.4

Japan 18.1 21.3 25.4

China 27.0 36.7 97.3

Former Soviet Union 61.0 40.8 57.3

Total World 346.7 379.9 607.7


48/49

U.S. Energy Flow, 1999


49/49

U.S. Energy Consumption by Source, 1998

energy in environment

Documents